scholarly journals Multi-Substance Use Behaviors: Prevalence and Correlates of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug (ATOD) Use among University Students in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6426
Author(s):  
Walid El Ansari ◽  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Academic Policy ◽  
The University

Virtually no studies appraised the co-use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) among Finn undergraduates. We assessed the associations between sociodemographic, health, academic, policy, and lifestyle characteristics (independent variables); and individual, multiple and increasing ATOD use (dependent variables) using regression analyses. Data were collected by online questionnaire at the University of Turku, Finland (1177 students). Roughly 22% of the sample smoked, 21% ever used illicit drug/s, 41% were high frequency drinkers, and 31.4%, 16.3%, and 6.7% reported 1, 2, or 3 ATOD behaviors respectively. Individual ATOD use was significantly positively associated with the use of the other two substances [adjusted odds ratio (Adj OR range 1.893–3.311)]. Multiple ATOD use was negatively associated with being single (p = 0.021) or agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p < 0.0001 for each); but positively associated with not living with parents (p = 0.004). Increasing ATOD behaviors were significantly less likely among those agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p range 0.024 to <0.0001). Demographics significant to either individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use included males, being single, not living with their parents during semesters, and to some extent, religiosity. Age, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, self-rated health, health awareness, income sufficiency, and academic variables were not associated with individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use. Education and prevention efforts need to reinforce abstinence from ATOD, highlight their harmful outcomes, and target risk groups highlighted above. University strategies should be part of the wider country-wide successful ATOD control policies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Socio-Demographic, Academic, Health and Lifestyle Predictors of Illicit Drug/s Use among University Undergraduate Students in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid El Ansari ◽  
Abdul Salam ◽  
Sakari Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alcohol Dependency ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The University

Illicit drug/s use (IDU) among university students is a public health concern. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, academic, and health and lifestyle characteristics (independent variables) and regular, occasional or never IDU (dependent variables). Data were collected across seven faculties (1177 students) at the University of Turku (Finland) via an online questionnaire. About 1.5% of the sample had regular IDU, 19% occasional IDU, and 79% never IDU. Independent predictors of ever (lifetime) IDU included males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.82, P = 0.001], not living with parents (AOR 2.59, P < 0.001), singles (AOR 0.51, P < 0.001), lower religiosity (AOR 1.49, P = 0.022), better self-rated general health (AOR 0.41, P = 0.003), higher health awareness (AOR 1.93, P = 0.014), more depressive symptoms (AOR 1.82, P = 0.004), daily smokers (AOR 3.69, P < 0.001), heavy episodic drinking (AOR 2.38, P < 0.001) and possible alcohol dependency (AOR 2.55, P < 0.001). We observed no independent associations between ever IDU with age, study discipline, perceived stress or academic performance. The 20.5% ever IDU is concerning. The compelling independent predictors of ever IDU included not living with parents, lower religiosity, daily smokers, heavy episodic drinking and possible alcohol dependency (AOR range 2.38–3.69). Education and prevention need to emphasize the negative consequences to reinforce abstinence from IDU. Health promotion could focus on beliefs and expectations about IDU and target students at risk for successful efforts.

scholarly journals Psychological Predictors of Mortality Awareness: Time Perspective, Contentment With Age and Paternal Antipathy and Neglect

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282094406
Author(s):  
Therese C. F. Willoch ◽  
Mark R. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

Much research has focused upon the association between mortality awareness and mental ill-health. In this study we attempt to explore positive as well as negative psychological concomitants of mortality awareness. 170 participants were recruited in an online questionnaire study, measuring seven independent variables - marginalisation, childhood adversity, rebelliousness, time perspective, attitudes toward age and stage of life, health attitudes and demographics - and five dependent variables, specifically mortality legacy, mortality fearfulness, mortality acceptance, mortality disempowerment and mortality disengagement. Several significant bivariate associations were found. Follow-up regression analysis observed combined effects of variables accounting for 28% of variance in mortality legacy, 27% for mortality fearfulness, 13% for mortality acceptance, 42% for mortality disempowerment and 25% for mortality disengagement. Time perspective, contentment with age, and paternal antipathy and neglect were the most notable independent predictors. It was concluded that attitudes towards health, stage of life and childhood experiences significantly predict mortality awareness.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE GENERATIONS Z AND OLDER GENERATIONS IN MALAYSIA TOWARD CASHLESS SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Hirnissa M.T ◽  
Zariyawati M.A2 ◽  
Fadilla R
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Questionnaire Method

This study highlights the key predictors that influence Malaysia’s cashless society rate. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT) was adopted in this research, and main constructs such as speed of transaction, personal security, convenience and safer, social influences, perceived usefulness, compatibility, business readiness, and financial costs. The sample size for this study is 357 Malaysian aged 18 years old and above. There are two generations under 25 years old and below categorized as Generations Z, while age 25 years old and above are categorized as Older Generations. Primary data had been used and collected through an online questionnaire method. Using SPSS software, regression analysis results showed that four of the independent variables had a significant relationship with the dependent variables. The speed of transaction, convenience and safer, perceived usefulness, and compatibility did influence Malaysian towards cashless society adoption.

scholarly journals Onset of depressive symptomatology in a sample of university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Enzo Santangelo ◽  
Sandro Provenzano ◽  
Dario Piazza ◽  
Alberto Firenze
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University

The aim of the study was to evaluate depressive symptomatology within the student population of the University of Palermo (Italy). An anonymous online questionnaire was provided to the students of the University of Palermo. The first section investigated demographic and social data, while in the second section the QIDSSR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) test was administered. 539 students (68.3% female) gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire. Considering as a dependent variable: Depressive symptomatology moderate- severe-very severe, the statistically significant independent variables associated are I don’t live with my family (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63, P=0.043), I currently smoke (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.39, P=0.048) and Low perceived health status (aOR 4.14, 95% CI 2.73-6.28, P<0.001). Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing a high-grade depressive symptomatology. Family plays a crucial role in decreasing the risk of moderate, severe or very severe symptoms.

scholarly journals Onset of depressive symptomatology in a sample of university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Omar Enzo Santangelo ◽  
Sandro Provenzano ◽  
Dario Piazza ◽  
Alberto Firenze
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University

The aim of the study was to evaluate depressive symptomatology within the student population of the University of Palermo (Italy). An anonymous online questionnaire was provided to the students of the University of Palermo. The first section investigated demographic and social data, while in the second section the QIDSSR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) test was administered. 539 students (68.3% female) gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire. Considering as a dependent variable: Depressive symptomatology moderate-severe-very severe, the statistically significant independent variables associated are I don't live with my family (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63, P=0.043), I currently smoke (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.39, P=0.048) and Low perceived health status (aOR 4.14, 95% CI 2.73-6.28, P<0.001). Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing a high-grade depressive symptomatology. Family plays a crucial role in decreasing the risk of moderate, severe or very severe symptoms.

scholarly journals Analysis of academic performance based on sociograms: A case study with students from at risk groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Tarquino Sanchez ◽  
David Naranjo ◽  
Jack Vidal ◽  
Diego Salazar ◽  
Cristina Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

The present work analyzes the academic performance of students from at-risk groups from the perspective of Social Network Analysis (SNA), studying the academic and interaction information of 45 students belonging to at-risk groups who attended a pilot socio-academic course during one academic term. This information was used to create a sociogram, which served as the basis for determining the centrality metrics of the SNA. The relationships between these metrics and the academic variables were then studied by means of correlation analysis and linear regression with LASSO standardization. As a preview of the results, it was determined that the academic performance of the students in the pilot course was influenced, on the one hand, by their academic knowledge prior to being admitted to the university, represented by the score on the Mathematics and Geometry section of the diagnostic test, and on the other hand, by the dynamics of the social network in which they interacted in the classroom, represented by the eigenvector centrality. These results have significant potential for explaining the academic performance according to SNA metrics, and they provide evidence to support the implementation of practices that promote a healthy social environment in an academic context.

Locus of Control, Repression-Sensitization, and Interpersonal Causality

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spring ◽  
Prabha Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between repression-sensitization and multidimensional locus of control, particularly as these variables relate to a third variable, the attribution of causality in interpersonal relationships. 41 male psychiatric inpatients were employed as subjects, of whom 18 were from an acute general inpatient unit and 23 were from an alcohol and drug unit. Eight independent variables were considered. There were eight dependent variables which were derived from an attribution measure devised for this study. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the variable having the most predictive power with respect to causal attributions was the subsample which the subject represented. A second analysis excluding subsample considerations showed that Levenson's Powerful Others scale was positively correlated with Internal-Positive attributions. Other significant correlations between the various measures were examined.

Some Possible Limitations of Feedback in Instruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Langer ◽  
Verne Keenan ◽  
Christina Medosch-Schonbeck
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Original Order ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Final Sentence ◽  
Undergraduate Psychology ◽  
The University ◽  
Sentence Order

This study explored the effect of varying amounts of feedback on the reconstruction of scrambled text. The subjects were undergraduate psychology students at the University of Colorado. Half the subjects reconstructed a 26-sentence passage dealing with Watergate, while the other half read either the same scrambled version or the original passage. The independent variables were amount of feedback available, reconstructing or reading, and time of testing (immediate vs delayed). Dependent variables included percentage of idea units recalled, percentage of original sentences recognized from paraphrases, and for the subjects who reconstructed the text concordance ( tau) between their final sentence order and the sequence of the original passage. Among the findings were (1) no statistically significant differences between feedback groups for percent of idea units recalled, and percent recognition scores; (2) concordance ( tau) with the original order of sentences increased with greater amounts of feedback but was not associated with higher recall or recognition scores; and (3) the process of reconstruction assisted recognition but not recall. The implications of these findings for current assumptions about feedback and text processing are assessed.

The Relationship Between The University Services Marketing And the Leading Orientation And Their Impact In Enhancing The University Reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusseibeh Ahmed Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Private Universities ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
University Reputation ◽  
Administrative Leaders ◽  
University Services ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the university services marketing and the leading orientation and their impact in enhancing the university reputation: Field study on a sample of administrative leaders in       private universities in the Erbil city Objective - The current study try to find the role of marketing university services (educational services, research services, community services) and the leading orientation (research mobilization, distinction, cooperation, university policies, proactive) as independent variables in enhancing the university's reputation as dependent a variable (Social responsibility, innovation, quality of service, image of the organization) in a sample of private universities in the Erbil city. Methodology of the study - The problem of the study was determined in several questions related to the nature of the correlation relationship - the effect of independent study variables (marketing of university services and leadership orientation) and the dependent variable (the reputation of the university). For this purpose, the hypotheses were subjected to multiple tests. The study used the questionnaire as a means to obtain data from the administrative leaders of the investigated universities. - The study was used the analytical descriptive method. The main and sub-variables were described and correlation and effect relationships were analyzed between the variables using advanced statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, Pearson correlation, multiple regression test) , And the implementation of the statistical program (SPSS-Ver.18). The study was conducted in the educational sector in the city of Erbil, in order to obtain the necessary information for the field through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to six universities. The number of respondents was (73) (Presidents of universities, their assistants, deans, their assistants, heads of departments) at the universities in question. The value of the study: The main conclusions of the study are the existence of a significant relationship between the variables of the study and the existence of a significant effect of the independent variable marketing of university services and the leading trend in the dependent variable universities reputation and the existence of variation of the effect of independent variables in the dependent variable in the universities investigated, A set of recommendations, the most important of which is the establishment of a center for the marketing of services at the university level and at the level of each college. In order to conduct a continuous study of the labor market to determine market needs, the university should be aware of the importance of marketing orientation in university education

ANALISA PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT HUTAMA KARYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wardhana, MM.
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Relationship

This study entitled "Analysis of Effect of Climate Organization and Competence Againt Employee PT. Hutama Karya ". The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between the free variable that organizational climate (X1) and competence (X2) with the dependent variable is employee performance (Y), either partially or simultaneously, This study used survey research methods with the correlational approach and predictive, which aims for the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The sampling technique can be done randomly (simple random sampling) of 852 employees, which is considered to resprentatif is 89 people. And to solve problems, to analyze and examine the relationship and influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable used models kausalistik through regression analysis with SPSS 14.0

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