Population dynamics and economic development

This research develops a continuous-time optimal growth model that accounts for population dynamics resembling the historical pattern of the demographic transition. The Ramsey model then becomes able to generate multiple determinate or indeterminate stationary equilibria and explain the process of the transition from a state with high fertility and low income per capita to a state with low fertility and high income per capita. The article also investigates the emergence of damped or persistent cyclical dynamics.

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Existence of solutions in continuous-time optimal growth models

Economic Theory ◽

10.1007/s00199-007-0294-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 321-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hippolyte d’Albis ◽

Pascal Gourdel ◽

Cuong Le Van

Keyword(s):

Continuous Time ◽

Existence Of Solutions ◽

Growth Models ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Time Optimal ◽

Optimal Growth Models

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Conclusion and Outlook

Demographic Change and Long-Run Development ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262036627.003.0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Cervellati ◽

Uwe Sunde

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Demographic Transition ◽

Turning Point ◽

Transition Process ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Interdisciplinary Work ◽

Space And Time ◽

Long Run ◽

The Many

This concluding chapter discusses this book's origins in the argument that the demographic transition is a key turning point for long-run development, not only in terms of a change in the regime of population dynamics toward low fertility and mortality, but also in the process of long-run economic development. The observed similarities in the transition process across space and time suggest that a better understanding of the reasons for such occurrences as the delay in the development of some countries might provide insights that are relevant beyond academic interest. The chapter argues that more interdisciplinary work between economists, demographers, and historians are needed to address the many facets that are covered only in passing, or not at all.

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Socioeconomic and regional differences in active transportation in Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thiago Hérick de Sá ◽

Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira ◽

Ana Clara Duran ◽

Carlos Augusto Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Metropolitan Regions ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Per Capita ◽

Using Data

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present national estimates regarding walking or cycling for commuting in Brazil and in 10 metropolitan regions. METHODS By using data from the Health section of 2008’s Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Brazil’s National Household Sample Survey), we estimated how often employed people walk or cycle to work, disaggregating our results by sex, age range, education level, household monthly income per capita, urban or rural address, metropolitan regions, and macro-regions in Brazil. Furthermore, we estimated the distribution of this same frequency according to quintiles of household monthly income per capita in each metropolitan region of the country. RESULTS A third of the employed men and women walk or cycle from home to work in Brazil. For both sexes, this share decreases as income and education levels rise, and it is higher among younger individuals, especially among those living in rural areas and in the Northeast region of the country. Depending on the metropolitan region, the practice of active transportation is two to five times more frequent among low-income individuals than among high-income individuals. CONCLUSIONS Walking or cycling to work in Brazil is most frequent among low-income individuals and the ones living in less economically developed areas. Active transportation evaluation in Brazil provides important information for public health and urban mobility policy-making

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Urbanization, long-run growth, and the demographic transition

Journal of Demographic Economics ◽

10.1017/dem.2020.36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-47

Author(s):

Jonathan J. Adams

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Demographic Transition ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Income Growth ◽

High Fertility ◽

Long Run ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Cross Country

Abstract Advanced economies undergo three transitions during their development: (1) transition from a rural to an urban economy, (2) transition from low-income growth to high-income growth, (3) transition from high fertility and mortality rates to low modern levels. The timings of these transitions are correlated in the historical development of most advanced economies. I consider a nonlinear model of endogenous long-run economic and demographic change, in which child quantity-quality substitution is driven by declining child mortality. Because the model captures the interactions between all three transitions, it is able to explain three additional empirical patterns: a declining urban-rural wage gap, a declining rural-urban family size ratio, and most surprisingly, that early urbanization slows development. This third prediction distinguishes the model from other theories of long-run growth, and I document evidence for it in cross-country data.

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The Demographic Transition

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v23i4pp.531-552 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 531-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ansley J. Coale

Keyword(s):

Demographic Transition ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Low Fertility ◽

High Fertility ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Industrial State ◽

Simple Link

Demographic transition is a set of changes in reproductive behaviour that are experienced as a society is transformed from a traditional pre-industrial state to a highly developed, modernized structure. The transformation is the substitution of slow growth achieved with low fertility and mortality for slow growth maintained with relatively high fertility and mortality rates. Contrary to early descriptions of the transition, fertility in pre-modem societies was well below the maximum that might be attained. However, it was kept at moderate levels by customs (such as late marriage or prolonged breast-feeding) not related to the number of children already born. Fertility has been reduced during the demographic transition by the adoption of contraception as a deliberate means of avoiding additional births. An extensive study of the transition in Europe shows the absence of a simple link of fertility with education, proportion urban, infant mortality and other aspects of development. It also suggests the importance of such cultural factors as common customs associated with a common language, and the strength of religious traditions. Sufficient modernization nevertheless seems always to bring the transition to low fertility and mortality.

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Two centuries of demographic change in Canada

Canadian Studies in Population ◽

10.25336/p6ns4b ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Barry Edmonston

Keyword(s):

Age Structure ◽

Demographic Change ◽

Demographic Transition ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Major Change ◽

Low Fertility ◽

High Fertility ◽

Vital Rates ◽

Demographic Processes ◽

Negative Population

One key aspect of the demographic transition—the shift from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility is a major change in the population’s age distribution from a pyramid-shaped young age structure to a pillar-shaped old age structure. This paper discusses two demographic processes affected by changes in age structure. First, there are effects on vital rates, with important differences in the observed crude rates and the implied intrinsic vital rates. Second, changes in age structure influence population momentum. More recently, demographers have noted that older age distributions associated with fertility levels below replacement have negative population momentum. Although the demographic transition has been well-described for many countries, demographers have seldom analyzed intrinsic vital rates and population momentum over time, which are dynamic processes affected by changes in the population age structure and which, in turn, influence future changes in population growth and size. This paper uses new data and methods to analyze intrinsic vital rates and population momentum across two centuries of demographic change in Canada

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SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) PRIA DEWASA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN BOGOR-JAWA BARAT

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2010.5.1.15-25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Sri Anna Marliyati ◽

Megawati Simanjuntak ◽

Deni Surya Kencana

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Level ◽

Low Income ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Education Level ◽

Total Expenditure ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Font Size ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Per Capita

The objectives of this research was to study social economy and body mass index of men andit’s correlation with risk factor of coronary heart disease in rural and urban of Bogor, West Java. The amount of samples were 100 adult men aged 25-39 of years. Samples were devided into two categories of expense which as < Rp 500.000/capita/month (low income) and ³ Rp 500.000/cap/month,- (high income). Results of this study showed that using independent t-test there was a significant difference between low income and high income samples in rural area in the case of family size, education level, income per capita, total expenditure, nutritional knowledge score and HDL cholesterol level. In urban area, we found significance difference in the case of family size, education level, income per capita, total expenditure, total cholesterol level, LDL and HDL cholesterol level between low income and high income samples. Spearman rank correlation test in rural area showed significance correlation between education level, income per capita, total expenditure, and nutritional knowledge score with HDL cholesterol level. Income per capita and total expenditure correlated significantly with total cholesterol level and BMI correlated significantly with level of triglyceride. Meanwhile, in urban area we found significant correlation between education level, total expenditure, nutritional knowledge score, and BMI with total cholesterol level. Education level and nutritional knowledge score correlated significantly with LDL cholesterol level, and BMI correlated significantly with level of triglyceride.

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The neighbourhood turnpike property for continuous-time optimal growth models

Ricerche Economiche ◽

10.1016/0035-5054(94)90025-6 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luigi Montrucchio

Keyword(s):

Continuous Time ◽

Growth Models ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Turnpike Property ◽

Time Optimal ◽

Optimal Growth Models

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CHILD LABOR

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2653 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 635-637

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD HASNAYN AHMAD ◽

JIBRAN MOHSIN ◽

HASSAN JAVED ◽

Ghulam Mustafa ◽

Asim Mumtaz Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Child Labor ◽

Low Income ◽

Large Scale ◽

Parental Education ◽

Large Family ◽

Access To Education ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Per Capita

Background: Child Labor is any kind of work that harms or exploits the children in some way (physically, mentally, morally or blocking access to education). Child labor is quite common in Pakistan, and is still ignored; which depicts the society's attitudes towards child care. Child labor is an ethical dilemma and special attention must be given to this issue. Objective: To determine the factors responsible for child labor in Shadman Market Lahore. Study design: Descriptive, Cross sectional. Place and duration: Shadman Colony Lahore, July-August 2010. Methodology: Structured Pretested questionnaire was used to asses the factors responsible for child labor. Results: Large family size, low income per capita and parental illiteracy were shown to be responsible for child labor. Conclusion: Family size, income per capita and patrental education has a large scale effect on child labor.Key words:- Child labor, Family size, income per capita, parental education.

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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IN MALAYSIA

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v14.i5.191 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanan Elsawahli ◽

Faizah Ahmad ◽

Azlan Shah Ali

Keyword(s):

Demographic Transition ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Population Aging ◽

The Elderly ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Policy Framework ◽

High Fertility ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Development Goals

As a developing country, Malaysia is undergoing a demographic transition from a high fertility and mortality rural society towards an industrialised society with low fertility and mortality rates. This transition involved an increased growth rate of elderly population. The number of elderly has risen from 1.4 million in 2000 to 2.1 million in 2010 and is projected to be 3.4 million by 2020. A population aging needs to accumulate assets in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This represents the main challenge to planners and policy makers in terms of designing aged-friendly neighbourhoods to meet the elderly needs. This paper aims to review the population aging trends and policy framework available for the elderly in Malaysia. The paper further discusses the sustainable neighbourhoods related to active aging. The paper concludes by identifying fundamental gaps in both knowledge and policy associated with planning for the aging population and successful aging.

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