scholarly journals Short-Term Mortality and Retention Associated with Tagging Age-0 Walleye Using Passive Integrated Transponders Without Anesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Dembkowski ◽  
Daniel A. Isermann ◽  
Greg G. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponders ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract The ability to individually mark juvenile fishes has important implications for fisheries management. For example, marking age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus could provide important information not provided by batch-marking, including individual variation in growth and estimates of length-dependent survival and recruitment. However, the relatively small size of age-0 Walleye in northern temperate lakes has precluded use of many common tagging methods that provide information on individual fish (e.g., various anchor tags, jaw tags). Consequently, we evaluated short-term mortality and retention associated with using 12-mm passive integrated transponders (PITs) to mark age-0 Walleye (total length range = 93–216 mm; mean total length = 157 mm) by conducting 48-h within-lake net-pen trials and 7-d hatchery trials during September–October of 2015 and 2016. We did not anesthetize age-0 Walleye prior to PIT tagging. Our assessment allowed us to determine whether post-tagging mortality and PIT retention varied in relation to implant location (i.e., body cavity or pelvic girdle), fish length, and water temperature. During 2015, mean 48-h mortality rate of age-0 Walleye tagged with PITs in the body cavity was low (mean = 7%; SE = 3%) and did not differ from that of fish marked with only a fin clip (mean = 4%; SE = 2%) and reference fish (mean = 2%; SE = 1%). During 2016, mean mortality rates ranged from 2% (reference fish) to 6% (PIT inserted into pelvic girdle) and did not differ among treatments. During both years, mortality rates for nearly all treatments were highest (> 13%) when water temperatures were ≥ 20°C, but decreased below 5% when water temperatures were ≤ 17°C. During 2016, dead age-0 Walleye in both PIT treatments were smaller than fish that survived. During the 7-d hatchery trials, mean mortality rates were higher for age-0 Walleye with PITs inserted into the body cavity (mean = 13%; SE = 4%) than fish that received a PIT in the pelvic girdle (mean = 4%; SE = 1%) and reference fish (mean = 4%; SE = 2%). Retention of PITs was high (> 96%) during all net-pen and hatchery trials. Collectively, our results suggest that fisheries personnel can use PITs to tag age-0 Walleye without anesthesia with the expectations of high initial retention and low mortality. Mortality rates may be minimized by implanting PITs into the pelvic girdle when water temperatures are ≤ 17°C.

scholarly journals Analysis of the causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 according to the data of the clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Rakhmanova ◽  
A A Yakovlev ◽  
M I Dmitrieva ◽  
T N Vinogradova ◽  
A A Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Aim. To analyse the causes of death of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010 taking into account the timing of disease, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory data. Methods. The study included 439 HIV-infected individuals, who died in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010. Two groups of patients were identified: deaths from HIV/AIDS (n=306) and from other diseases (n=133, HIV infection was considered to be a concomitant disease). In both groups, analyzed were the short-term mortality rates, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol dependency, and the main causes of death (according to autopsy results). Results. In the group of patients who died of HIV-infection/AIDS and who did not receive antiretroviral therapy, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed most often (65.7% of cases). Other rare diseases were pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, generalized fungal infection, cerebral lymphoma, and cytomegalovirus infection. The most frequent causes of death in the group of patients whose HIV-infection was considered to be a concomitant diseases were chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage (42.9%) and septic thromboendocarditis, which were mainly diagnosed in social maladjusted patients: patients with alcoholism or intravenous drugs users. During evaluation of the short-term mortality rates it was established that 21 to 29% of patients in different years died on the 1st-3rd day after admission, which was related to extremely severe conditions of the patients. In Russia, including St. Petersburg, an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection and increased mortality are registered, which indicates the severity of the epidemic and makes it possible to predict the increase in the number of patients requiring hospital treatment. Conclusion. The main causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 were generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis in the stage of cirrhosis; the high index of short-term mortality among HIV-infected patients suggests the need for measures for early detection of HIV-positive individuals and their medical examination, as well as an increase in the number of beds in order to provide specialized care to HIV-infected individuals in St. Petersburg.

P4620Circulating concentration of presepsin improves early prediction of short-term mortality in patients treated at medical cardiac intensive care units

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ishii ◽  
H Takahashi ◽  
T Nishimura ◽  
H Kawai ◽  
T Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care

Abstract Background Presepsin, a subtype of soluble CD14, is an inflammatory marker, which largely reflects monocytic activation. Presepsin appears to be an accurate diagnostic marker of sepsis, but its clinical significance remains unclear in cardiovascular disease. Purpose This prospective study aimed to investigate the predictive value of plasma presepsin levels on admission to medical (non-surgical) cardiac intensive care units (MCICUs) for short-term mortality. Methods We examined 1560 patients hospitalized in MCICUs and measured the baseline plasma presepsin levels at admission. Results Acute coronary syndrome was present in 46% of the patients, and acute decompensated heart failure in 36%. Before MCICUs admission, emergent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 36%, mechanical ventilation was required for respiratory insufficiency in 2.1%, and intraaortic balloon pumps were needed for hemodynamic instability in 8.9%. During 6 months after admission, there were 113 (7.2%) deaths. Patients who died were older (median: 77 vs. 71 years, P<0.0001); had higher levels of presepsin (263 vs. 119 pg/mL, P<0.0001), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP: 696 vs. 186 pg/mL, P<0.0001), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT: 81 vs. 47 pg/mL, P=0.004), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (13.8 vs. 2.2 mg/L, P<0.0001); and had lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (50 vs. 65 mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.0001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (43% vs. 51%, P<0.0001) than those of the survivors. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher levels of presepsin (P=0.0002), BNP (P=0.04), and hsTnT (P=0.009) were all independent predictors of 6-month deaths. Quartiles of presepsin levels were associated with higher mortality rates within 6 months after admission (Table). Adding presepsin levels to a baseline model that included established risk factors, BNP, and hsTnT further enhanced reclassification (P=0.004) and discrimination (P=0.003) beyond that of the baseline model. Mortality rates according to presepsin Presepsin quartile 1st 2nd 3rd 4th P value ≤80 pg/mL 81–124 pg/mL 125–232 pg/mL >232 pg/mL 1-month mortality 0.8% 2.0% 3.3% 8.0% <0.0001 6-month mortality 0.8% 3.8% 8.2% 16.3% <0.0001 Conclusions Presepsin levels at admission could improve the prediction of short-term mortality in patients hospitalized at MCICUs.

scholarly journals 2200. Cost-effectiveness of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treating Ventilated Nosocomial Bacterial Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S749-S750
Author(s):  
Jaesh Naik ◽  
Joe Yang ◽  
David Elsea ◽  
Simone Critchlow ◽  
Laura Puzniak
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Treatment Setting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Abstract Background Ventilated, hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (vHABP/VABP) are associated with high rates of antibiotic resistance and high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has shown non-inferiority to meropenem for treating HABP/VABP in a Phase III trial, ASPECT-NP. This study evaluates cost-effectiveness of C/T against meropenem in treating HABP/VABP. Methods We developed a model consisting of a short-term decision tree (reflecting the in-hospital period) followed by a long-term Markov structure (capturing lifetime costs and outcomes). Patient characteristics and clinical efficacy were informed by subjects in ASPECT-NP who received any dose of study drugs. Susceptibility was based on the Program to Assess C/T Susceptibility surveillance database. Second-line and salvage treatment were added to resemble real-world treatment patterns and used to calculate overall clinical cure and mortality rates based on results from a network meta-analysis. We analyzed two clinical scenarios: (1)”confirmed treatment’ in which C/T or meropenem is used after pathogen susceptibility is known; (2) ‘initial treatment’ of high-risk patients before susceptibility is known. Model outcomes include, percentage clinically cured, short-term mortality, direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Sensitivity analyses (SAs) were conducted to test the robustness of results. Results In the confirmed treatment setting, C/T had a higher cure rate (5.0 percentage points, the same below), lower short-term mortality (−5.1%), cost more ($2,728), and yielded higher lifetime QALYs (0.61) than meropenem ($4,472/QALY gained). In the initial treatment setting, C/T sustained a better clinical performance (9.5% more cure, −6.8% mortality, 1.16 more QALYs), yet cost less than meropenem (−$5,662) due to better susceptibility. The response and mortality rates from ASPECT-NP had the greatest impact on results. SAs showed that the result of C/T being cost-effective over meropenem was generally robust. Conclusion The results indicate that, compared with meropenem, C/T could be a cost-effective option for patients with vHABP/VABP in the US setting. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Contemporary incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gandaglia ◽  
Praful Ravi ◽  
Firas Abdollah ◽  
Abd-El-Rahman M. Abd-El-Barr ◽  
Andreas Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Introduction: This is a timely update of incidence and mortality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the United States.Methods: Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age-adjusted incidence, mortality rates and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with histologically confirmed kidney cancer between 1975 and 2009. Long-term (1975–2009) and short-term (2000–2009) trends were examined by joinpoint analysis, and quantified using the annual percent change (APC). The reported findings were stratified according to disease stage.Results: Age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC increased by +2.76%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 6.5 to 17.1/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and by +2.85%/year between 2000 and 2009 (p < 0.001). For the same time points, the corresponding APC for the incidence of localized stage were +4.55%/year (from 3.0 to 12.2/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and +4.42%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. The incidence rates of regional stage increased by +0.88%/year between 1975 and 2009 (p < 0.001), but stabilized in recent years (2000–2009: +0.56%/year, p = 0.4). Incidence rates of distant stage remained unchanged in long- and short-term trends. Overall mortality rates increased by +1.72%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 1.2 to 5.0/100 000 person-years, P<0.001), but stabilized between 1994 and 2004 (p = 0.1). Short-term mortality rates increased in a significant fashion by +3.14%/year only for localized stage (p < 0.001).Interpretation: In contemporary years, there is a persisting upward trend in incidence and mortality of localized RCC.

scholarly journals MP54-11 COMPARISON OF READMISSION AND SHORT-TERM MORTALITY RATES BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF URINARY DIVERSION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 197 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Nahar ◽  
Tulay Koru-Sengul ◽  
Nachiketh Soodana Prakash ◽  
Vivek Venkatramani ◽  
Feng Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short Term Mortality

scholarly journals Pre-release processes influencing short-term mortality of glass eels in the French eel (Anguilla anguilla, Linnaeus 1758) stocking programme

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Josset ◽  
T. Trancart ◽  
V. Mazel ◽  
F. Charrier ◽  
L. Frotté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Eel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Glass Eels

Abstract The decline in the European eel has led the European Union to require that its Member States establish an Eel Management Plan, which includes a set of measures to help preserve and restore the wild eel populations. Stocking has been conducted in France since 2011 as part of this Management Plan. This stocking programme is based on a protocol designed by the French National Museum of Natural History and includes an assessment of the short-term (15 d after release) mortality and three recapture surveys at 6, 12, and 36 months after release. The present study aims to assess the different processes influencing the short-term mortality to provide recommendations to reduce mortality and increase the efficiency of the releases. A linear model was built to examine the different variables selected modelling. The resulting model explained 56.4% of the total deviance; the main factor in terms of explained deviance was the operation (31.2%), which actually includes a number of handling parameters. The other factors influencing the short-term mortality were the release year, the fishmonger that provided the glass eels, the duration of stalling (period of captivity) before release, the body condition, the marking, and the type of mortality test. It appears that some of these variables could be adjusted to reduce the short-term mortality. For instance, selecting the most suitable release sites to stock or selecting glass eels with good body condition, adjusting the duration of stalling, or limiting the marking should help reduce short-term mortality.

scholarly journals Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Glaw ◽  
Jörn Köhler ◽  
Oliver Hawlitschek ◽  
Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina ◽  
Andolalao Rakotoarison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Reversed Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractEvolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world’s smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout–vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout–vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.9‒14.9% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles.

scholarly journals Histological Differentiation Grade and Surgery Affects Short-Term Mortality in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chih Kuo ◽  
Yi-Ping Pan ◽  
Ting-You Hsu ◽  
Jui-Ying Lin ◽  
Wen-Chi Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Abstract Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the clinicopathological features, nutritional and inflammatory status, type of treatment, and short-term mortality in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Methods: 205 patients with ESCC were included. The following malnutrition and inflammation criteria at the time of diagnosis were applied: body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, serum albumin level < 3.5 g/dL, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.5, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) > 17 and C-reactive protein. Clinicopathological features, Malnutrition status, inflammatory condition and the type of treatment were analyzed for 3-month and 6-month mortality rates by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The 3-month and 6-month mortality rates were 13.2% and 27.3%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model after adjustment for clinicopathological variables and comorbid status found that surgery and histological differentiation grade were prognostic factors for short-term mortality. Conclusions: In addition to surgery, histological differentiation grade independently contributes to high short-term mortality of ESCC patients.

scholarly journals The association between length of stay in the emergency department and short term mortality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgny Wessman ◽  
Johan Ärnlöv ◽  
Axel Carlsson ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Olle Melander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Prolonged Length ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Clinical Urgency

Abstract Background: Prolonged length of stay at the emergency department (ED-LOS) has been associated with increased mortality and hospital stay. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ED-LOS and 7- and 30-days mortality in patients triaged according to Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System – Adult (RETTS-A), the most common used triage tool in Sweden. Methods: All adult patients (> 18 years) visiting the ED at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, from 1/1/2010 to 1/1/2015 (n=639 385) were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between prolonged ED-LOS and 7 and 30-days mortality rates. All patients were triaged according to the RETTS-A and subsequently separated into five quintiles of ED-LOS. Results : In patients triaged with the highest medical urgency, longer ED-LOS was associated with a lower risk for 7-days mortality, for triage priority 1: OR 0.94 (CI 95% 0.92-0.96) compared to OR 1.03 (CI 95% 0.99-1.07) for triage priority 4, and for 30-days mortality: OR 0.97 (CI 95% 0.96-0.99) OR for triage priority 1 compared to 1.03 (CI 95% 1.01-1.05) for triage priority 4. In contrast, the opposite pattern appeared evident in the 3 other triage groups, where a longer ED-LOS was generally associated with an increased mortality risk. Pro-longed ED-LOS in patients admitted to in-hospital care was associated with lower 30- and 7-days mortality independently of triage priority whereas the opposite was observed for patients not admitted to in-hospital care. Conclusion: Prolonged ED-LOS was associated with increased short term mortality in patients with lower clinical urgency and in patients not admitted to in-hospital care.

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