scholarly journals A Metaphor That Keeps on Ticking: The ‘Clock’ as a Driving Force in the History of Chronobiology Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20200929) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Aviram ◽  
Gal Manella
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
History Of

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
George Balanchine ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lincoln Center

The Conclusion briefly examines the current state of the New York City Ballet under the auspices of industrial billionaire David H. Koch at Lincoln Center. In so doing, it to introduces a series of questions, warranting still more exploration, about the rapid and profound evolution of the structure, funding, and role of the arts in America through the course of the twentieth century. It revisits the historiographical problem that drives Making Ballet American: the narrative that George Balanchine was the sole creative genius who finally created an “American” ballet. In contrast to that hagiography, the Conclusion reiterates the book’s major contribution: illuminating the historical construction of our received idea of American neoclassical ballet within a specific set of social, political, and cultural circumstances. The Conclusion stresses that the history of American neoclassicism must be seen as a complex narrative involving several authors and discourses and crossing national and disciplinary borders: a history in which Balanchine was not the driving force, but rather the outcome.

Farmers and Hoplites: Models of Historical Development

Men of Bronze ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Van Wees
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Leisure Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Yeoman Farmer ◽  
Of Greece

This chapter critiques the grand narrative of Hanson's The Other Greeks and argues that it is wrong in important respects. The chapter presents the social and economic changes in the eighth century that took place with the rise of the independent yeoman farmer and his culture of agrarianism as the driving force behind the political and military history of Greece. From the middle of the eighth century there was a class of elite leisured landowners that did not work the land themselves but supervised the toil of a large lower class of hired laborers and slaves. This era of gentlemen farmers who comprised the top 15–20 percent of society and competed with each other for status lasted for about two centuries. When the yeomen farmers emerged after the mid-sixth century, they joined the leisure class in the hoplite militia.

Sound and Wonder

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Ray Lee
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Art Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sense Of Wonder

Starting by describing his experience of becoming lost in wonder at the Bakken Museum of Electricity and Life in Minneapolis, in this chapter the artist Ray Lee explores his fascination with the state of wonderment. Referencing his internationally touring sound art works Siren and The Ethometric Museum he reviews the strategies that he has used to attempt to create a sense of wonder, and why this has become both a valuable aspect of his practice and a distinctive part of the audience experience. Throughout the history of science wonder has been a driving force for discovery, yet the sublime, with its suggestion of the spiritual, has more often been used to describe the experience of art. The chapter looks at how wonder creates a sense of creative uncertainty, de Certeau’s ‘rift in time’ or, as Bataille puts it, a state of ‘intolerable non-knowledge, which has no other way out other than ecstasy’.

Indicators of Possible Driving Forces for the Spread of Quechua and Aymara Reflected in the Archaeology of Cuzco

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON F. McEWAN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of

Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.

A Civics Primer for American History

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1777
Author(s):  
Paul Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American History ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magic Circle ◽  
Short Essays

Abstract This AHR Roundtable features four short essays on Jill Lepore’s widely read synthesis of American history, These Truths: A History of the United States (2018). Lepore’s framework insists that the “self-evident” truths of the nation’s founding were anything but. The driving force of her narrative is the struggle of those excluded from this magic circle—really, the majority of the country’s population—to extend those truths beyond their narrow core of elite white men. The four reviewers—Ned Blackhawk, Matt Garcia, Mary Beth Norton, and Paul Ortiz—appreciate the “shared sense of national destiny” that clearly informs Lepore book. At the same time, they chide her for what they regard as significant omissions. These critical essays invite further consideration of how best to write a fully inclusive (and therefore dramatically reconfigured) national narrative

scholarly journals Una historia española del aguatinta = A Spanish History of Aquatint

2018 ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Inocente Soto Calzado
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Proficiency ◽  
Artistic Theory ◽  
Graphic Work

Teodoro Miciano fue nombrado académico de Bellas Artes a punto de cumplir 70 años. Su discurso de ingreso habla con total naturalidad de práctica y teoría artística. Joven ilustrador para revistas y maduro grabador con excepcionales conocimientos y dominio técnico, su ensayo toma como eje conductor una de las técnicas más pictóricas de la calcografía, el aguatinta, trazando una breve pero ambiciosa historia. Preocupado por el devenir de las artes gráficas, plantea la problemática realidad de la obra gráfica original y del arte de las ediciones limitadas. Traza las líneas maestras del grabado europeo, describiendo profusamente la gráfica de Goya y reconociendo los hallazgos plásticos de Picasso en el mundo del grabado. Se analiza la clarividencia de sus ideas y su vigencia en la actualidad, con desarrollos en otros países que no han terminado de producirse en España.Teodoro Miciano was named Academician of Fine Arts nearing 70 years old. His Entrance speech talks with total naturalness about artistic theory and practice. Young illustrator for magazines and mature printmaker with exceptional knowledge and technical proficiency, his essay takes as the driving force one of the pictorial techniques of engraving, aquatint, tracing  a short but ambitious story. Concerned about the future of the graphic arts, presents the problematic reality of the original graphic work and the art of the limited editions. He traces the lines of European engraving, profusely describing the graphic of Goya and recognizing the plastic finds of Picasso in the world of engraving. The clairvoyance of their ideas and their validity in the present is analyzed, with developments in other countries that have not finished producing in Spain.

scholarly journals Sound i historisk perspektiv: oppdagelse, naturalisering, kanonisering

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Eirik Askerøi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocal Expressions

This chapter addresses technological development as a driving force of musical development during the history of recorded music. The study is organized around three moments, which in various ways have contributed to forming new ways of producing music, and thereby also have left their audible marks on the sound of the music. The first example demonstrates how the development of the electric microphone contributed to new vocal expressions already in the 1930s. The second example takes up how magnetic tape technology has affected the status of recording, the possibility of multitrack recording and for experimenting with the sound of new, virtual spaces in recordings. The third example is the gated reverb on drums, which left a definitive mark on the sound of the 1980s. The overall aim of this chapter, then, is to provide an inroad to understanding the concept of sound in a historic perspective, through processes of discovery, naturalisation and canonisation.

scholarly journals Niemcy i Francja w Unii Europejskiej po brexicie

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef M. Fiszer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

There is no doubt that Brexit is an unprecedented event in the history of European integration and the European Union (EU). It will certainly be a turning point not only in the history of the EU but also in Germany and France. It will affect their place and role in the new international order that is currently being shaped. Today, however, it is very difficult to present an accurate diagnosis, and even more difficult to predict the future of the EU, Europe and the whole world after Brexit. Currently, the opinions of researchers and experts on this subject are divided. Many fear that Brexit will be the beginning of the end of the EU and that it will lead to so-called diversified integration and then to its disintegration. Others believe that Brexit, nolens volens, may accelerate the EU’s modernisation process. This will require the adoption of a new revision treaty. This treaty will be developed under the dictation of Germany and France, which are the most influential countries in the EU.The purpose of this article is to answer a few questions, particularly what role  Germany and France can and will play in the EU after Brexit. Will these countries  again become the driving force in the process of European integration and the EU’s modernisation, or will they remain passive and contribute to the break-up of the EU? Moreover, the author intends to show the opportunities and threats for the EU  without the United Kingdom, which counterbalanced the influence of Germany and France in Europe.

Caring for Gendered Bodies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Green
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Major Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gendered Bodies

Given the comparatively slow pace of human evolution, the body, as a biological entity, may be taken more or less as a historical constant during the past 1500 years. But every interaction with that body was mediated by culture, and thus gender analysis is a driving force in the expanding field of the history of health. This essay looks at how changing expectations of gender and knowledge shaped medical and surgical interventions in three circumstances: pregnancy; childbirth emergencies; and the care of intersexed persons. The field of the history of health is still rapidly expanding, and the perspectives of gender analysis are a major part of what is driving that expansion forward.

The Mid-Victorian Reform of Britain’s Company Laws and the Moral Economy of Fair Competition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
DAVID CHAN SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Company Law Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

This paper reconstructs the history of the reform of Britain’s company laws during the 1850s and makes three major arguments. First, the Law Amendment Society was the driving force for reform and organized the campaign for change. Second, the advancement of working-class interests and ideas of fairness were central to the conceptualization of these reforms and the course of their advocacy. Company law reform was broadly conceived to include the revision of the law of partnership, corporations, and cooperatives to create a level playing field in which smaller entrepreneurs could compete against established capitalists. Finally, central to this campaign was the institutional logic of “fair competition.” Socialists and liberals both used this logic, demonstrating how moral ideas can shape organizational change.

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