Exploring the Socio-Political Determinants of Open Budget

2013 ◽  
pp. 142-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Sigit Sayogo ◽  
Teresa Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Budget Proposal ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Online Availability ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

In a study of budgetary transparency and accountability, this chapter examines how a country’s disclosure of budget information is related to a set of socio-political factors. The authors analyze data from the biennial Open Budget Survey conducted by the International Budget Partnership for the years of 2008 and 2010. The study compares three types of disclosure practices: online, hardcopy, and unpublished distribution for six types of budgets: pre-budget proposal, executive budget, citizens’ budget, mid-year review, end-year review, and audit report. They find that the level of democracy in a given nation has considerable impact on its level of budgetary transparency and accountability, when these qualities are defined in terms of types of budgetary documents that are available to the public online. It is clear that online publication, most probably in the context of e-government efforts, is key to making this information available. The quality of governance is found to be critical for the availability of a citizens’ budget online, and the numbers of Internet users is related to the online availability of the executive budget.

Public Sector Employment, Quality of Government, and Well-Being: A Global Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110117
Author(s):  
Robert Davidson ◽  
Alexander Pacek ◽  
Benjamin Radcliff
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
The Impact

While a growing literature within the study of subjective well-being demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on subjective well-being, scholars have conspicuously failed to consider the role of the size and scope of government as determinants of well-being. Where such studies exist, the focus is largely on the advanced industrial democracies of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. In this study, we examine the size of the public sector as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a worldwide sample. Our findings strongly suggest that as the public sector grows, subjective well-being increases as well, conditional on the extent of quality of government. Using cross-sectional data on 84 countries, we show this relationship has an independent and separable impact from other economic and political factors.

scholarly journals Probiotics and constipation: mechanisms of action, evidence for effectiveness and utilisation by patients and healthcare professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Dimidi ◽  
S. Mark Scott ◽  
Kevin Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The aim of this narrative review is to assess and present evidence on the mechanisms of action of probiotics in constipation, their effectiveness and their utilisation by patients and healthcare professionals. Chronic constipation is a common bothersome disorder that has a considerable impact on patients' quality of life. Probiotics have been increasingly investigated for their effectiveness in various disorders, including chronic constipation. Probiotics may affect gut motility and constipation through their impact on the gut microbiota and fermentation, the central and enteric nervous system and the immune system. However, evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics in the management of constipation remains varied, with some strains demonstrating improvements, while others show no effect. Despite the uncertainty in evidence and the fact that the majority of healthcare professionals do not recommend probiotics for constipation, an increased prevalence of probiotic use by people with constipation has been shown. Therefore, there is a need for public health strategies to inform the public about where strong evidence of probiotic effectiveness exist, and where evidence is still weak. Education of healthcare professionals on the increased utilisation of probiotics for constipation by the public and on current evidence for the effectiveness of specific strains is also required.

scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS IN RESEARCH INFLUENCING ITS SCIENTIFIC VALUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Aparna Mohan ◽  
James Chacko ◽  
Preethi Mohan
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Current Setting ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Research Demands

Abstract- Research primarily focusses on pursuing in-depth knowledge for the progress of the science and society. Publishing the work is crucial for its communication among the scientific community and to the public. Conducting the research demands extensive time and effort but the entire struggle goes futile unless the work got published in a reputed journal. A researcher confronts many such dilemma as the appraisal of his effort depends upon the quality of conducting and publishing the work. Current setting demands increasing publication for professional accreditation and upgradation of research profile pressurizing authors which results in many ethical lapses in their works. This paper intends to highlight such lapses commonly seen in current research practices. The match between the study design and the research objectives, various components like sample size, methods of recruiting participants against inclusion and exclusion criteria and allocating the subjects to different groups, time period for collecting data or conducting the study, enlisting the confounding variables influencing the results, maintenance of data transparency and arriving at conclusions without considering the alternatives have considerable impact over its credibility. Improper execution of the work could affect its replicability and such negligence in research influences its quality making the entire work insignificant. Summary - The current academic and research settings have forced the scholars and researchers to conduct extensive research for increasing their publications and upgrading their research profile. This led to many works with uncertain credibility, reflected in the execution of the study as well as with its publication. This article points out a few among such works from different aspects which could influence the result of the study. Such trends in research is making the whole resource and time futile and the entire work insignificant.

Election Watchdogs

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Side ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Recent years have seen resurgent interest in the potential capacity of transparency—the public availability of information—to improve democratic governance. Timely, accurate, granular, and freely available information is generally regarded as intrinsically valuable, as well as having many instrumental benefits. In development, transparency and accountability are generally thought to help plug the leaky pipes of corruption and inefficiency, channel public spending more efficiently, and produce better services. In the field of electoral governance, openness about the rules and procedures, outcomes, and decision processes used by electoral authorities is widely assumed to build public trust, improve policymaking, and facilitate accountability. In the age of WikiLeaks, Twitter, and Google, open governance—expanding information and communication—often seems like an unqualified good. Nevertheless, beyond popular buzzword sloganeering, evidence suggests that the impact of transparency on the quality of governance and elections remains mixed. Transparency also has a dark side, threatening trust, privacy, and security. To understand these issues more fully, this book seeks to assess the early-21st-century drive toward open electoral governance and to identify several conditions predicted to determine the success of transparency policies in strengthening electoral integrity. The chapters of this book look at transparency in electoral governance at the international and state levels, as well as within civil society.

scholarly journals Operating Protocol and Networking Issues of a Telemedicine Platform Integrating from Wireless Home Sensors to the Hospital Information System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Donati ◽  
Tony Bacchillone ◽  
Luca Fanucci ◽  
Sergio Saponara ◽  
Filippo Costalli
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Hospital Information System ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Home Gateway ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Novel Concept

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is among the major causes of hospitalization for elderly citizens. Its considerable impact on patient quality of life, the resources congestion, and the related costs can be efficiently mitigated using remote wireless biosensors networks placed at patient home, able to communicate in secure way over the public Internet with the cardiology departmental Hospital Information System (HIS). In this way, physicians can monitor the situation of several patients at distance and quickly realize and act alterations in vital parameters. In this scenario, the Health@Home (H@H) platform is conceived. The pool of Bluetooth sensors enables patients to daily collect vital signs at home in noninvasive fashion. A home gateway receives and processes all signals before sending them to a server node in charge of interfacing with the usual HIS. The novel concept of operating protocol (OP) represents a list of actions, remotely configurable, that the domestic network has to follow (required measurements, transmissions, comparisons with personalized thresholds, etc.). The first medical tests on 30 patients (1 month) allowed to verify the model, both from the patient and the medical perspective. The main evaluation metrics were usability, flexibility, and reliability of the communication from sensors to HIS.

scholarly journals The Segregation in Access to Spaces for Urban Activities during COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to Gated Communities in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Hellen Aziz ◽  
Salma Ellakany
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Urban Activities

Despite the long history of physical and social segregation by various types of gated communities in Egypt, they are attracting more residents. This is a result of the sense of privacy, security, access to proper services and the quality of green areas and public spaces that they offer. In most cases, such privileges and spaces for urban activities have restricted access to users who do not own residential units in such gated communities. With the current COVID-19 pandemic, starting in early 2020, and the Egyptian government’s preventive measures, people’s daily lives have been affected both economically and socially. Regulations such as the application of a curfew, and the closure of public services and facilities have had a considerable impact on population’s urban activities and the use of the public spaces. Yet, it could be argued that urban activities within gated communities have increased as the residents were forced to stay at home, or within the gated compounds’ walls. Thus, this paper investigates the use of the spaces for urban activities inside the gated communities; whether residential or beach destinations, in Egypt during the pandemic. It then studies the segregation in the rights of use of open urban spaces inside and outside gated communities, during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aris Munandar ◽  
Ateng Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The Public ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The City ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

The potential of zakat in Indonesia is so great that it can become a financial solution to anticipate the problems of poverty and inequality in Indonesia. Likewise, the potential for zakat in the city of Bandung, which according to the calculations of experts can reach 2 trillion rupiahs per year, is very large to be managed professionally, but when viewed from the amount of existing zakat receipts it is only limited to 4.8 billion per year. So thus, the lack of income from zakat funds reflects the growing expectations of the public for the transparency or transparency and accountability of the management of zakat funds in the presence of financial reports. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out how much influence is given by financial accounting standards on the quality of financial reports at the National Amil Zakat Agency in the City of Bandung. The results of this study are that financial accounting standards significantly influence the quality of financial statements in the national amil zakat body.

The relevance of budget transparency for development

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110275
Author(s):  
Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros ◽  
Marco Bisogno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Budgeting Process ◽  
Academic Debate

This study aims to highlight the relevance of budget transparency in improving human development and fill the gap in the literature, which has traditionally considered the concept of development in economic terms. Here, development refers to levels of knowledge, the possibility of enjoying a long and healthy life and having a decent standard of living. Improving human development is the main point of interest in the assessment of public policy outcomes and this study is focussed on one specific policy, namely, budget transparency. By using a pool of 110 countries for the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017, the empirical results demonstrate a positive effect of the open budget index on the human development index, suggesting that budget transparency is a good way to improve levels of human development. These findings are essential not only for academic debate but also for practitioners because they show transparency as a relevant tool to improve human development. Points for practitioners Budget transparency is a relevant tool to improve human development. Transparency may improve the quality of life through a better quality of governance. The central roles played by transparency and participation coupled with accountability have been confirmed. The complexity of the concept of human development involves, among other things, disclosing information regarding the public policies. Examining budgets, guaranteeing their transparency as well as the transparency of the budgeting process, is highly recommended to improve human development.

Transparency and Accountability—The Case of Public Procurement Practices in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
pp. 1087724X1989869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Mabillard ◽  
Raphaël Zumofen
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

This article assesses the links between accountability and transparency in the case of the public procurement system in Switzerland. It focuses on the relationship between the two concepts through the prism of the theoretical frameworks developed by previous authors, using data gathered through experts’ interviews. Findings demonstrate that the relationship can be bidirectional and highlight the importance of both the nature and the quality of information. It also redefines the various ways around which transparency and accountability interrelate by extending the previous contributions on the matter. It especially points out that transparency and accountability can be more easily implemented together with proactive dissemination of information. At the same time, mechanisms of control should also exist to ensure more accountable governmental organizations. In this sense, all experts insist on the necessity to keep efficient surveillance bodies in place.

History, Policy Making, and Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Quality Of Governance

Public policy and policy making is an inherent task of the institutions and state for the purpose of well-knit and sustainable governance in the society and organisation as well as in the state. The quality of governance is based upon how visionary the public policy is and how far it has been implemented. The aspect of sustainability thrives on the perspective that policy making should be inclusive having inter-generational justice. The chapter attempts to look into how far history has played its role in policymaking of the state and civil society. It also looked into how history had a role in the foreign policy making of the state. Analogies can be drawn from the past experience into the present decision making which can have a reflection in the future as well. Lyndon Johnson's administration prepared internal histories to key policy issues, in hopes of better informing the initial efforts of its successor. The illustrations and examples in the chapter are not confined to the geographical boundaries of any particular nation but rather have a global dimension.

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