E-Government for Social and Economic Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Bongani Ngwenya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Stream Line ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line government services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens’ participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. It is clear from literature that e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa. These countries have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals. However, e-Government leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government. There is also institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developing countries in particular. The study presented in this chapter draws on organizational decision-making research and adopts an explorative research approach that is informed by grounded theory. The findings of the research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government; asymmetry in institutionalization, and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skillfully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by developing countries in particular.

Realigning Governance

2015 ◽  
pp. 1555-1581
Author(s):  
Bongani Ngwenya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter posits that Governance realignment from e-Government to e-Democracy constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. E-Government and e-Democracy are not new phenomena in most developed countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa. However, the degrees of political and economic variations between developed and developing countries poses a serious challenge to the efforts towards realignment of governance for social and economic development attainment. The findings in this chapter are that social and economic development lie at the intersection of e-Government and e-Democracy processes of governance realignment. Asymmetry in institutionalisation, and diffusion of e-Democracy amongst countries is widely attributed to economic and political variations in these countries. Unless these differences are skillfully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, e-Democracy efforts will not help achieve social and economic development goals, particularly those of developing countries.

Realigning Governance

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongani Ngwenya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter posits that Governance realignment from e-Government to e-Democracy constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. E-Government and e-Democracy are not new phenomena in most developed countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa. However, the degrees of political and economic variations between developed and developing countries poses a serious challenge to the efforts towards realignment of governance for social and economic development attainment. The findings in this chapter are that social and economic development lie at the intersection of e-Government and e-Democracy processes of governance realignment. Asymmetry in institutionalisation, and diffusion of e-Democracy amongst countries is widely attributed to economic and political variations in these countries. Unless these differences are skillfully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, e-Democracy efforts will not help achieve social and economic development goals, particularly those of developing countries.

Analysis of Major Problems Faced by Small Firms in North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Davinder Singh ◽  
Jaimal Singh Khamba ◽  
Tarun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been noted to play a significant role in promoting economic growth in less developed countries, developing and also in developed countries. Worldwide, the micro and small enterprises have been accepted as the engine of economic growth of any nation. Small and Medium Enterprises are the backbone of the economies, because it trigger employment, output, export, poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, economic development etc. in developed as well as in developing countries. It is more important to developing countries as the poverty and unemployment are burning problems. MSMEs have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Therefore, the growth of small sectors is essential for the growth in the GDP, employment generation, total manufacturing production and export. India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, needs to pay an honest attention for the utmost growth of MSMEs for its increased contribution in above areas.

scholarly journals The validity of world class business criteria across developed and developing countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre J. Parker ◽  
Theo H. Veldsman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Class Standing ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
World Class ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Business Challenges ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Orientation: World class implies being able to respond effectively to the prevailing business challenges in a manner that surpasses competitors and to compete effectively in the global economy.Research purpose: To assess the validity of the general assumption in the literature that world class criteria are equally applicable worldwide.Motivation for research: The possibility exists that developing countries require an adjusted mix of world class criteria and practices to become globally competitive.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative field survey research approach was adopted. A web-enabled questionnaire was designed, covering 35 world class practices grouped under 7 world class criteria. A cross-section of the senior management from 14 developing and 20 developed country’s organisations partook in the study.Main findings: It was empirically confirmed that the majority of world class practices posited in the literature are used by participating organisations; that world class criteria do not apply equally across developed and developing countries; and that more important than country location, is the deliberate choice by an organisation’s leadership to become world class. An empirically based model of ascending to world class was proposed.Practical/managerial implications: Regardless of country location, the leadership of an organisation can make their organisation world class by applying the proposed world class model.Contribution/value add: A reliable web enabled instrument was designed that can be used to assess an organisation’s world class standing; the assumption that world class criteria are equally valid across developing and developed countries was proven partially incorrect; since becoming or being world class is also a leadership choice regardless of location.

Comparing E-Government Research in Developed vs. Emerging Economies

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Laura Alcaide Muñoz ◽  
Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Government Research

Many countries have implemented changes in public sector management models based on the strategic and intensive use of new information and communication technologies. However, most research has focused on developed countries, with the area of emerging economies being neglected. This chapter offers a framework to help public administrators and researchers evaluate the field of e-Government research in emerging economies, identifying research gaps and possibilities for improvement in the context of e-government research in developing countries. The findings reveal the existence of various research gaps and highlight areas that should be addressed in future research, especially in developing countries. Indeed, the research approach to e-government remains immature, focusing on particular cases or dimensions, while little has been done to produce theories or models to clarify and explain the political processes of e-government.

ICT in Regional Development

2005 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Saundarjya Borbora ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
The Developed Countries

Economic development and information and communication technology (ICT) are found to move together in the present day era of globalization. ICT can contribute significantly in economic development of a region by providing adequate information at the minimum of time and cost, thereby enhancing productivity in different sectors of an economy. This fact is substantiated by several studies (Kraemer & Dedrick, 2001; Pohjola, 2001). Some country specific studies like that of Singapore (Wong, 2001) also highlighted similar results. ICT diffusion in the world has been quite rapid since the mid 1990s. While the developed countries have benefited substantially from the ICT growth, the developing countries could not reap similar benefits out of it which has resulted in emergence of a digital divide across the countries (Economist, 2000; Nkrumah, 2000; Norris, 2001). This divide is noticed not only across countries but also within a country and this is more prominent in developing economies like India. ICT diffusion is another area which needs more attention in India as it will lead to ICT access and application of ICT in real sectors to increase productivity and output. During the past one decade India has made rapid advances in ICT growth as reflected in the increase in the number of Internet connections and users. The growth of Internet connections and users in the country is shown in Table 1.

scholarly journals Rural Accessibility, Rural Development, and Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Elizabeth Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Rural accessibility means more than just reliable roads and cost-effective transportation networks. Rural accessibility is critical for achieving social and economic development in low-income developing countries such as Bangladesh where both rural and urban development are constrained by significant infrastructural deficiencies. It is also an important factor that determines the effects of natural disasters on these resource-constrained societies, since both disaster responses and sustainable development are compromised by poor rural accessibility. Using two contrasting case studies from Bangladesh, this article reveals the significance of improved rural accessibility on rural development and the effects of natural disasters on rural areas. The findings of this article suggest that the improvement of rural accessibility should be a top national development priority, since it increases the opportunities for sustainable social and economic development and reduces the adverse effects of natural disasters on the rural areas in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

Analysis on the Overall Characteristics and Laws of Economic Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economics Model ◽  
Economical Development

In light of current world economics heading towards a direction that demands a refurbished theoretical guidance, Huang, Mu and Huang’s (1990, 1991) “Overall Development of Global Economics” model - also affectionately known as the "4-ways, 2-forms" hypothesis - serves as a research guideline and a basic framework of economical development problems. Economical development throughout the history of mankind has experienced three phases, each phase bearing its own characteristics. While today’s developing countries linger in the era of nature driven self-sufficiency, developed countries have surged ahead into a phase of post-information economy where information technology serves as the backbone of Information Economic Era. At present, the financial disparities between nations often and inevitably produce conflicts driven by socio-economical differences and the resultant ideologies. What are the orientations in economic development for less developed countries, developing countries and developed countries? Why does conflict between them arise and what causes this? How can they be resolved? These have become focal issues of concern among economist.

The relationship among tourism, poverty, and economic development in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namhyun Kim ◽  
HakJun Song ◽  
Ju Hyun Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship among tourism, poverty, and economic development in developing countries. The empirical model is set up using unbalanced panel observations for 69 developing countries for the period 1995–2012. The findings show that tourism has heterogeneous effects on the poverty ratio in terms of a country’s income per capita: the positive effect of tourism on poverty alleviation switches to being negative after a certain threshold of a country’s income level. The results of this study indicate that only the least developed countries (those with an income per capita below international dollar 3400) have benefited from the tourism industry in terms of reducing their poverty ratios.

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