scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of High Temperature on Mortality in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Barakzai ◽  
S.M. Aqil Burney
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The objective of this paper is to model and study the impact of high temperature on mortality in Pakistan. For this purpose, we have used mortality and climate data consisting of maximum temperature, variation in monthly temperature, average rainfall, humidity, dewpoint, as well as average air pressure in the country over the period from 2000 to 2019. We have used the Generalized Linear Model with Quasi-Poisson link function to model the number of deaths in the country and to assess the impact of maximum temperature on mortality. We have found that the maximum temperature in the country has a significant impact on mortality. The number of deaths in Pakistan increases as the maximum temperature increases. We found that, as the maximum temperature increase beyond 30 °C, mortality increases significantly. Our results indicate that mortality increases by 27% when the maximum temperature in the country increases from medium category to a very high level. Similarly, the number of deaths in the country increases by 11% when the temperature increases from medium temperature to high level. Furthermore, our study found that when the maximum temperature in the country decreases from a medium level to a low level, the number of deaths in the country decreases by 23%. This study does not consider the impact of other factors on mortality, such as age, medical conditions, gender, geographical location, as well as variability of temperature across the country.

scholarly journals Impacto de las variaciones de temperatura diaria en la historia natural de los anuros tropicales

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Hernando Bernal-Bautista ◽  
Jorge Luis Turriago-González ◽  
Francisco Antonio Villa-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Gosner Stage ◽  
C 23 ◽  
The Impact

Anuran embryos and tadpoles are daily exposed to wide thermal variations in their ponds, with maximum temperatures at midday. The aim of this research was to study the impact of three daily variable thermal environments (with maximum experimental temperatures between 10:00 and 16:00 hours), on the survival, developmental time and body size of metamorphs of four tropical anuran species from lowland habitats in Colombia. A total of 50 embryos (Gosner stage ten) to metamorphosis (Gosner stage 46) of Rhinella humboldti, Hypsiboas crepitans and Engystomops pustulosus were exposed to each one of the three daily variable temperature treatments: high temperature (mean = 27.5 °C; maximum temperature = 34 ± 1 °C; range = 23-35 °C), medium temperature (25.5 °C; 29 ± 1 °C; 23-30 °C), and low temperature (24 °C; 24 ± 1 °C; 23-25 °C). For the other species, Espadarana prosoblepon, 40 embryos to metamorphosis were exposed to each one of the following thermal treatments: high temperature (mean = 22 °C; maximum temperature = 25 ± 1 °C; range = 18-26 °C), medium temperature (20.5 °C; 22 ± 1 °C; 18-23 °C), and low temperature (19 °C; 19 ± 1 °C; 18-20 °C). For all species, the thermal variable environment with the highest temperature showed the greatest accumulated survival, reduced significantly the developmental time from embryos to metamorphs, and the snout-vent-length of metamorphs. Therefore, under field conditions where ponds are exposed to thermally variable environments, the highest temperatures may promote a decrease in the period of time to metamorphosis, and a positive increase for the anuran survival; nevertheless, extreme temperatures were also found in the microhabitat of the species studied, higher than their upper thermal limits reported, which suggest a vulnerable situation for them and other tropical anurans from similar habitats.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO KEKERINGAN DI KABUPATEN BANTUL PROVINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Annisa Mu'awanah Sukmawati ◽  
Puji Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Bantul Regency is a district in Yogyakarta Province which has geographic, geological, hydrological, and demographic characteristics that are likely to cause drought. Drought event in Bantul Regency may have significant impacts on various aspects in line with the characteristics of drought impacts which are complex and cross-sectoral. This study addresses to analyze the level of risk of drought with observation units in 75 villages in the Bantul Regency. The risk analysis was carried out by comparing the time period of the 10 years, i.e. 2008 and 2018 to observe the shift of risk areas of drought in Bantul Regency. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods with quantitative descriptive and mapping analysis. The analysis steps are drought hazard analysis, vulnerability analysis, and drought risk analysis. The analysis shows that during the last 10 years, Kabupaten Bantul has been experiencing an increasing number of villages classified as high risk of drought, both in urban and rural areas. In 2008 there were 15 villages (20%) and increased to 21 villages (28%) in 2018 that were classified as very very high level. Meanwhile, in 2008 there were 30 villages (40%) in 2008 and increased to 32 villages (42.7%) in 2018 that were classified as very high level. It caused by the increasing probability of drought as well as vulnerability. The analysis results can be used as input for stakeholders to take mitigation and anticipation actions to reduce the impact of drought based on the spatial characteristics of the risk areas.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.

scholarly journals Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Anton Shamsutdinov ◽  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.

Staged Lean Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass for Gas Turbine Applications: An Experimental Approach to Investigate Performance of Catalysts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Manrique Carrera ◽  
Jeevan Jayasuriya ◽  
Torsten Fransson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
High Level

Emission demands for gas turbine utilization will become more stringent in the coming years. Currently different techniques are used to reach low levels of NOx emissions. One possible solution is the Staged Lean Catalytic Combustion. In this concept a catalysts arrangement is used to generate high temperature combustion gases. The high temperature gases could be used to feed a second combustion stage in which more fuel is injected. In this work a series of experiments were performed at the Catalytic Combustion High Pressure Test Facility at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The fuel used was a simulated gasified biomass and the catalytic combustor consisted of an arrangement of different catalysts, e.g. bimetallic, hexaaluminates, and perovskites catalysts. These were used as, ignition catalyst, medium temperature catalyst and high temperature catalyst respectively. The tests were performed between 5 and 13.5 bar, and the overall conversion varied between 60% and 70% and the temperature of flue gases could reach 750°C and contains high level of oxygen. The determining factor to control the exit gas temperature was the richness of the mixture (λ value). On the other hand, the increased pressure had a moderate negative effect in the overall fuel conversion. This effect is stronger at leaner mixtures compared to richer ones. Moreover, λ value and also pressure affected the temperature distribution along the reactor. The utilization of a lean catalytic combustion approach makes possible the use of a post catalytic combustion. In this region additional fuel is injected to fully burn the exiting gases and increase the exit temperature to the desired levels. This staged lean catalytic combustion approach could resemble moderate levels exhaust gas recirculation techniques and/or high air temperature combustion and it is also briefly examined in the present work.

scholarly journals Analysis of the suitability of rice farming land as an opportunity for determining the agricultural planting calendar in Ajibarang District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M Zid ◽  
R Handawati ◽  
N A F Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Large River ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ajibarang District is one of the areas in Banyumas Regency with a high level of productivity, but the decrease in rainfall in 2017-2019 caused Ajibarang District to have difficulty in developing their agriculture so that farmers experienced crop failure. The impact that occurs from crop failure causes the land to not be cultivated and if it is cultivated, farmers plant secondary crops. It is also greatly influenced by climate change that occurs. In fact, Ajibarang Subdistrict is included in the B2 Climate Zone with an average rainfall of 1000 - 2000 mm/year which is a climate zone business. The purpose of this study was to determine the opportunities for the rice planting that is very suitable for rice farming. In addition, the Ajibarang Sub-district is also drained by a large river, namely the Serayu River and the Tajum River which are tributaries of the river. So, it is necessary to adjust the climate to be able to determine a suitable planting calendar for agricultural calendar in Ajibarang District. Method The research used is the Forward Sampling and Backward Sampling analysis methods. So, the results of this study resulted in a rice and secondary cropping calendar with three planting seasons in one year and two dry seasons in one year.

scholarly journals Geographical Factor in Regional Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Marina Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geographical Factor ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Regional development of Russian regions is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity. Researchers highlight a significant number of factors affecting the level of regional development. Geographical factor is recognized as one of the most important factors. The development of border regions is similar to that of Russian regions. The purpose of the research is to determine the differentiation of border regions and to study the dynamics of its change. The object of the research is border regions united in the system. The process of unification of regions is based on geographical location. The subject of the study is the process of regional differentiation. Methods of assessing the convergence of economic entities are the instrument of researching regional differentiation of border regions. The convergence theorem analyzes the interregional differentiation of border regions and considers the possibility of their convergence. As a result of using convergence approaches based on the definition of convergent processes, the coefficient of variation is calculated. On the basis of the calculated values of the coefficient and its change, the possibility of convergence of border regions is assessed and the process of change of interregional differentiation is analyzed. Another direction, on the basis of which the analysis of regional heterogeneity of border regions is based, is the determination of the differentiation coefficient, which allows to determine the level of the gap between polar groups of regions. The goal set in the study will allow assessing the impact of geographical location on economic development and formulating directions of economic policy. Spatial heterogeneity of border regions defined by means of mathematical tools can be used when writing the Program and the Strategy for Regional Development, within which one of the competitive advantages will be the location of the territory.

scholarly journals The Impact of Geographical Location on the Chemical Compositions of Pimpinella lutea Desf. Growing in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7739
Author(s):  
Hekmat AL-Hmadi ◽  
Ridha El Mokni ◽  
Rajesh K. Joshi ◽  
Mohamed L. Ashour ◽  
Saoussen Hammami
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Essential oils are generally produced to confer the protection of medicinal plants against several natural enemies. Variations of chemical and physical environmental factors exert significant influences on plant development. They hence may affect the quality and quantity of volatile organic metabolites of interest and, therefore, the economic applications of essential oils. This research focused on the effects of the harvest region on the production and analytes present in Tunisian Pimpinella lutea Desf. Apiaceae that were collected in three different growing environments (North and South Bizerta and Tabarka). Essential oils extracted from a variety of genotypes were analyzed, for the first time, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS). The determination of the percentage of essential oil components allowed the recognition of three chemotypes: α-trans-Bergamotene quantified at a percentage of 18.1% in North Bizerta (NBEO), muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol identified in South Bizerta (10.1%, SBEO) and acora-3,7(14)-dien present in a high level of 29.1% in Tabarka population (TEO). The richness of different populations in sesquiterpenes (60.2–78.1%) suggests that Pimpinella lutea Desf. may be used in different industrial segments.

Synchrotron in situ studies of mechanical activation treatment and γ-radiation impact on structural-phase transitions and high-temperature synthesis parameters during the formation of γ-(TiAl) compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Loginova ◽  
Alexey Sobachkin ◽  
Alexander Sitnikov ◽  
Vladimir Yakovlev ◽  
Valeriy Filimonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Thermal Explosion ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

In situ synchrotron studies of structure and phase formation dynamics in mechanically activated (t = 7 min, power density 40 g) and mechanically activated with subsequent irradiation by γ-quanta 60Co powder mixture (Ti 64 wt% + Al) during high-temperature synthesis by the method of thermal explosion using induction heating are described. In situ high-temperature synthesis was carried out on the created experimental complex adapted for synchrotron X-ray diffraction methods. The sequence of formation and time–temperature interval of the metastable and main phases were determined. The impact of preliminary mechanical activation and of γ-irradiation on the macrokinetic parameters of the synthesis were studied experimentally in situ. It has been established that the impact of γ-irradiation on the mechanically activated powder mixture of the composition Ti 64 wt% + Al leads to a change in the thermal parameters of combustion: the maximum synthesis temperature and the burning rate decrease. The heating rate for the non-irradiated mixture is 204.8 K s−1 and that for the irradiated mixture is 81.6 K s−1. The dependences of mass fractions of the synthesized compounds on time and temperature were calculated from the stage of preheating until completion of the thermal explosion. A single-phase equilibrium product of the composition γ-(TiAl) is formed in γ-irradiated mechanically activated mixture when the system reaches maximum temperature. The synthesized product of the mechanically activated mixture without γ-irradiation contains 72% γ-(TiAl); TiAl3 (26%) and residual Ti (2%) are also observed.

Effect of Different Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Impact Property of 20CrMnTi Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu Liu ◽  
Yi Qiang Xiao ◽  
Ming Long Kang ◽  
Jian Min Zeng ◽  
Guo An Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Impact Property ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type Of Fracture ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of different tempering temperatures on microstructure and impact property of 20CrMnTi steel has been studied on Zwick/roell Amsler PKP 450 pendulum machine, SU-8020 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The results shows that the impact property of 20CrMnTi steel is dramatically improved after high-temperature tempering. However, the minimum value occurs when it was tempered at 350°C because of low-temperature tempering brittlement at this degree. The SEM fracture morphology was typical dimples after high temperature tempering, and the type of fracture was ductile fracture; the type of cleavage characteristic and quasi cleavage characteristic were generated on the fracture morphology at low-temperature and medium-temperature tempering respectively, and the type of fracture was brittle.

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