Segmentation of Renal Calculi in Ultrasound Kidney Images Using Modified Watershed Method

2015 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
P. R. Tamilselvi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ultrasound Kidney Images ◽  
Watershed Method ◽  
Inner Region

US images are a commonly used tool for renal calculi diagnosis, although they are time consuming and tedious for radiologists to manually detect and calculate the size of the renal calculi. It is very difficult to properly segment the US image to detect interested area of objects with the correct position and shape due to speckle formation and other artifacts. In addition, boundary edges may be missing or weak and usually incomplete at some places. With that point of view, the proposed method is developed for renal calculi segmentation. A new segmentation method is proposed in this chapter. Here, new region indicators and new modified watershed transformation are utilized. The proposed method is comprised of four major processes, namely preprocessing, determination of outer and inner region indictors, and modified watershed segmentation with ANFIS performance. The results show the effectiveness of proposed segmentation methods in segmenting the kidney stones and the achieved improvement in sensitivity and specificity measures.

Segmentation of Renal Calculi in Ultrasound Kidney Images Using Modified Watershed Method

2017 ◽  
pp. 1238-1257
Author(s):  
P. R. Tamilselvi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ultrasound Kidney Images ◽  
Watershed Method ◽  
Inner Region

US images are a commonly used tool for renal calculi diagnosis, although they are time consuming and tedious for radiologists to manually detect and calculate the size of the renal calculi. It is very difficult to properly segment the US image to detect interested area of objects with the correct position and shape due to speckle formation and other artifacts. In addition, boundary edges may be missing or weak and usually incomplete at some places. With that point of view, the proposed method is developed for renal calculi segmentation. A new segmentation method is proposed in this chapter. Here, new region indicators and new modified watershed transformation are utilized. The proposed method is comprised of four major processes, namely preprocessing, determination of outer and inner region indictors, and modified watershed segmentation with ANFIS performance. The results show the effectiveness of proposed segmentation methods in segmenting the kidney stones and the achieved improvement in sensitivity and specificity measures.

Effect of Drinking Water on Formation of Renal Calculi

2009 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Ion Iosub ◽  
Viorel Malinovschi ◽  
Victor Grigorie ◽  
Alina Murariu ◽  
Aurelia Meghea
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Kidney Calculi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Ft Ir

The environmental impact on human health is of increasing concern mainly due to the complex interaction between various hazardous factors both on environment and within human organism. The aim of this paper is to investigate possible correlations between the quality parameters of drinking water and the formation of uroliths. The constituents of some kidney calculi sampled after surgery from 90 patients coming from the Horezu – Valcea area have been analysed, this region being identified as having the most cases of kidney lithiasis and that might be related with hard drinking waters. The study has been made during the period of 2004 – 2008. Physical – chemical methods specific for characterization of the quality of drinking waters have been used in parallel with determination of composition and structural characterization by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis TG, ATD, FT-IR spectroscopy, optical microscopy. Four groups of uroliths have been identified: multiphase oxalate and urate, phosphate (hydroxiapatite) and carbonate, monohydrated oxalate (whewellite), and urate stones. Such research might be useful, from both chemical and biochemical point of view, for identifying the conditions that cause the inhibition of the processes related to kidney calculi formation.

Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist Conivaptan in Mouse Plasma at NanoLevel and its Pharmacokinetic Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Alrabiah ◽  
Ahmed Bakheit ◽  
Sabray Attia ◽  
Gamal A.E. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Vasopressin Receptor ◽  
Mouse Plasma ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
The Us ◽  
Method Development And Validation ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: Conivaptan inhibits two of vasopressin receptor (vasopressin receptor V1a and V2). Conivaptan is used for the treatment of hyponatremia, and in some instances, for the treatment of the heart failure. Methods: The present study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and accurate HPLC with ultraviolet detection for the assay of conivaptan (CON) in mouse plasma using bisoprolol as internal standard (IS). A precipitation procedure was used to extract CON and the IS from the mouse plasma. CON was chromatographically separated using a C18 analytical column at 25°C. The separation was carried out using a mixture of phosphate buffer (50 mM): acetonitrile (60: 40, v/v, pH 4.5) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection was performed at 240 nm. Results: The assay was validated according to the US Food and Drug (FDA) guidelines. The method demonstrated linearity over a concentration range of 150 - 2000 ng/mL (correlation coefficient: r 2 = 0.9985). The mean recovery of CON from the mouse plasma was 101.13%. All validation parameters for CON were within the acceptable range. Conclusion: The investigated method has been shown to be suitable for estimating the CON in plasma samples, and this method is sensitive and highly selective, allowing the estimation of its concentrations up to the nano-scale. The suggested method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study of CON in mouse plasma.

scholarly journals Effect of antibiotic treatment on Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the gut microbiome and urinary oxalate excretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Fritz Francois ◽  
Nora Henderson ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Huilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

AbstractThe incidence of kidney stones is increasing in the US population. Oxalate, a major factor for stone formation, is degraded by gut bacteria reducing its intestinal absorption. Intestinal O. formigenes colonization has been associated with a lower risk for recurrent kidney stones in humans. In the current study, we used a clinical trial of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori to assess the effects of an antibiotic course on O. formigenes colonization, urine electrolytes, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Of 69 healthy adult subjects recruited, 19 received antibiotics for H. pylori eradication, while 46 were followed as controls. Serial fecal samples were examined for O. formigenes presence and microbiota characteristics. Urine, collected serially fasting and following a standard meal, was tested for oxalate and electrolyte concentrations. O. formigenes prevalence was 50%. Colonization was significantly and persistently suppressed in antibiotic-exposed subjects but remained stable in controls. Urinary pH increased after antibiotics, but urinary oxalate did not differ between the control and treatment groups. In subjects not on antibiotics, the O. formigenes-positive samples had higher alpha-diversity and significantly differed in Beta-diversity from the O. formigenes-negative samples. Specific taxa varied in abundance in relation to urinary oxalate levels. These studies identified significant antibiotic effects on O. formigenes colonization and urinary electrolytes and showed that overall microbiome structure differed in subjects according to O. formigenes presence. Identifying a consortium of bacterial taxa associated with urinary oxalate may provide clues for the primary prevention of kidney stones in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ability to Accurately Produce Angular Details by 3D Printing of Plastic Parts

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Andrei Marius Mihalache ◽  
Gheorghe Nagîț ◽  
Laurențiu Slătineanu ◽  
Adelina Hrițuc ◽  
Angelos Markopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vertex Angle ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Constant Height ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Plastic Parts

3D printing is a process that has become widely used in recent years, allowing the production of parts with relatively complicated shapes from metallic and non-metallic materials. In some cases, it is challenging to evaluate the ability of 3D printers to make fine details of parts. For such an assessment, the printing of samples showing intersections of surfaces with low angle values was considered. An experimental plan was designed and materialized to highlight the influence of different factors, such as the thickness of the deposited material layer, the printing speed, the cooling and filling conditions of the 3D-printed part, and the thickness of the sample. Samples using areas in the form of isosceles triangles with constant height or bases with the same length, respectively, were used. The mathematical processing of the experimental results allowed the determination of empirical mathematical models of the power-function type. It allowed the detection of both the direction of actions and the intensity of the influence exerted by the input factors. It is concluded that the strongest influence on the printer’s ability to produce fine detail, from the point of view addressed in the paper, is exerted by the vertex angle, whose reduction leads to a decrease in printing accuracy.

Determination of a Rubber-Like Material Model as an Inverse Problem

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Derewonko ◽  
Andrzej Kiczko
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
Ill Conditioning ◽  
Stress States

The purpose of this paper is to describe the selection process of a rubber-like material model useful for simulation behaviour of an inflatable air cushion under multi-axial stress states. The air cushion is a part of a single segment of a pontoon bridge. The air cushion is constructed of a polyester fabric reinforced membrane such as Hypalon®. From a numerical point of view such a composite type poses a challenge since numerical ill-conditioning can occur due to stiffness differences between rubber and fabric. Due to the analysis of the large deformation dynamic response of the structure, the LS-Dyna code is used. Since LS-Dyna contains more than two-hundred constitutive models the inverse method is used to determine parameters characterizing the material on the base of results of the experimental test.

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals A NOVEL IMAGE SEGMENTATION APPROACH BASED ON NEUTROSOPHIC SET AND IMPROVED FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. CHENG ◽  
YANHUI GUO ◽  
YINGTAO ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Convergence Criterion ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

Image segmentation is an important component in image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. Many segmentation algorithms have been proposed. However, segmentation methods for both noisy and noise-free images have not been studied in much detail. Neutrosophic set (NS), a part of neutrosophy theory, studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interaction with different ideational spectra. However, neutrosophic set needs to be specified and clarified from a technical point of view for a given application or field to demonstrate its usefulness. In this paper, we apply neutrosophic set and define some operations. Neutrosphic set is integrated with an improved fuzzy c-means method and employed for image segmentation. A new operation, α-mean operation, is proposed to reduce the set indeterminacy. An improved fuzzy c-means (IFCM) is proposed based on neutrosophic set. The computation of membership and the convergence criterion of clustering are redefined accordingly. We have conducted experiments on a variety of images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can segment images accurately and effectively. Especially, it can segment the clean images and the images having different gray levels and complex objects, which is the most difficult task for image segmentation.

Determination of In-plane Shear Strength of Unidirectional Composite Materials Using the Off-axis Three-point Flexure and Off-axis Tensile Tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 2487-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vargas ◽  
F. Mujika
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Unidirectional Composite ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Flexure Test

The aim of this work is to compare from an experimental point of view the determination of in-plane shear strength of unidirectional composite materials by means of two off-axis tests: three-point flexure and tensile. In the case of the off-axis three-point flexure test, the condition of small displacements and the condition of lift-off between the specimen and the fixture supports have been taken into account. Some considerations regarding stress and displacement fields are presented. The in-plane shear characterization has been performed on a carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional laminate with several fiber orientation angles: 10°, 20°, 30°, and 45°. Test conditions for both off-axis experimental methods, in order to ensure their applicability, are presented. Off-axis flexure test is considered more suitable than off-axis tensile test for the determination of in-plane shear strength.

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