The “Gospel” of Pentecostalism and Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
pp. 252-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanya Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diaspora And Development

Sieving through the avalanche of dissertations on the Pentecostal movements this chapter attempts to analyze the African Pentecostalism's structural arrangement to generate a deeper understanding of its operations and how the movement is re-inventing itself in contemporary epoch. This was done by appraising in-depth knowledge in concrete terms rather than in abstraction through the combination of notions of the market, entrepreneurship, diaspora, and development. Thus, the chapter develops a new sociological understanding of the differences and similarities between religion and the market in ethnic/diaspora entrepreneurship market space. It argues that the success of African Pentecostalism, both in Africa and the diaspora, is predicated on its ability to smoothly connect the past with the present. Whilst synthesis of African culture in the movement's liturgy is a proficient engagement with the past, inculcating the efficiency ethos of the market economy in its operations signifies a commitment to the present.

The “Gospel” of Pentecostalism and Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
pp. 961-982
Author(s):  
Sanya Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diaspora And Development

Sieving through the avalanche of dissertations on the Pentecostal movements this chapter attempts to analyze the African Pentecostalism's structural arrangement to generate a deeper understanding of its operations and how the movement is re-inventing itself in contemporary epoch. This was done by appraising in-depth knowledge in concrete terms rather than in abstraction through the combination of notions of the market, entrepreneurship, diaspora, and development. Thus, the chapter develops a new sociological understanding of the differences and similarities between religion and the market in ethnic/diaspora entrepreneurship market space. It argues that the success of African Pentecostalism, both in Africa and the diaspora, is predicated on its ability to smoothly connect the past with the present. Whilst synthesis of African culture in the movement's liturgy is a proficient engagement with the past, inculcating the efficiency ethos of the market economy in its operations signifies a commitment to the present.

Learning Zulu

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
South African ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
African History ◽  
African Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Correct Form ◽  
Linguistic Purism

When this book's author began studying Zulu, he was often questioned why he was learning it. This book places the author's endeavors within a wider context to uncover how, in the past 150 years of South African history, Zulu became a battleground for issues of property, possession, and deprivation. The book combines elements of analysis and memoir to explore a complex cultural history. Perceiving that colonial learners of Zulu saw themselves as repairing harm done to Africans by Europeans, the book reveals deeper motives at work in the development of Zulu-language learning—from the emergence of the pidgin Fanagalo among missionaries and traders in the nineteenth century to widespread efforts, in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, to teach a correct form of Zulu. The book looks at the white appropriation of Zulu language, music, and dance in South African culture, and at the association of Zulu with a martial masculinity. In exploring how Zulu has come to represent what is most properly and powerfully African, the book examines differences in English- and Zulu-language press coverage of an important trial, as well as the role of linguistic purism in xenophobic violence in South Africa. Through one person's efforts to learn the Zulu language, the book explores how a language's history and politics influence all individuals in a multilingual society.

The Great Financial Crisis: an Ethical Rejoinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Charles Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Radical Reconstruction

The Great Financial Crisis that broke in 2008 and the Great Recession that followed has led many to question the very structure of contemporary economies. Some argue that the economic model of the past forty years is now broken. Criticism has also been directed at the orthodoxies of economics. For example, neoclassical equilibrium economics, the mainstream economics of the day, is accused of failing to understand some of the most basic aspects of the modern economy (debt and money), of supporting policies that have led to the economic breakdown (deregulation), and of failing to see the crisis coming (Bezemer 2012, Keen 2011). Consequently, heterodox thinking in economics is getting a hearing as never before. Heterodox economics offers itself as the requisite radical reconstruction of the science of economics and also proposes policies for the radical reconstruction of the major economics.Yet to talk of the reconstruction of the modern market economy is at the same time to raise the ethical question: what shape ought the market economy to take? Heterodox economics may acutely analyse the inadequacies of real economies and propose plausible reforms, but as an essentially descriptive science there will be limits on its ability to state what ought to be. Rather, what is required seems to be a systematic prescriptive ethics. In other words, recent events in the world of economics have provided an opening for what ethical philosophy should be best at providing. Determining whether a specific ethical philosophy, to be identified shortly, has the capacity to address the questions raised by heterodox economics is the task of this paper.

1968. The “Prague Spring”: Fifty Years Later. Historical Essays

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Reader ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Military

This book is devoted to a symbolic event that defined the life and values of several generations. Half a century ago, Czech communists tried to give a new impetus to their country’s system of government by combining socialist values with a rational market economy and the mechanisms of a developed democracy. This effort failed, and the state was occupied by the military. This book is the result of joint efforts by Russian, Czech, and Romanian historians, archivists, and cultural and literary scholars, who—exploring new documents and materials—have reinterpreted these events and their lessons from a present-day perspective. Objectively, the “Prague Spring” is from a bygone era, but it is still a milestone, and many of the problems encountered during the Prague Spring are still relevant today. The authors hope that they have contributed to the historiography of the now-distant events of 1968 and that their contributions will help in analysing the experiences of the past in order to be prepared for the events of the future. This book is aimed at specialists in the history and culture of Central and Eastern Europe, students of higher educational institutions, and the general reader interested in twentieth-century history.

The Language of Flowers: Knowledge, Power and Ecology in Precolonial Bunyoro

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Doyle
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Western Uganda

The absence of writing from indigenous sub-Saharan cultures has often been identified as one of the key elements that distinguished African societies from those of Europe and Asia. Literacy permits an extension of the range of human intercourse, increased bureaucratic and commercial complexity, and an enlargement and stabilization of political scale. Some scholars suggest that it also encourages a more abstract and detached way of thinking about present-day problems. Writing is, moreover, commonly assumed to transform people's understanding of the past. The evidence, therefore, that the kingdom of Bunyoro in western Uganda possessed an indigenous form of writing is potentially of great significance. In this paper I examine the limited evidence that such a method of communication did exist, before analyzing its function and importance. I will argue that the use of a coded language of flowers in Bunyoro requires a reassessment of how power was exercised in precolonial interlacustrine kingdoms, of the nature of environmental knowledge in hierarchical African societies, and of Bunyoro's place in the historiography of east Africa.It is especially interesting that the form of writing that developed in Bunyoro was based on a floral code, as the absence of both writing and flowers in African culture have been used by Jack Goody as evidence of African culture's separateness from that of “Eurasia.” Goody has written that African peoples generally did not make significant use of flowers in worship, gift-giving or decoration. He does “not know of any indigenous use of odours,” nor of plants playing a role in stories or myths. This is thought to be because of Africa's “simple” agriculture, “non-complex” societies and absence of a “culture of luxury.”

scholarly journals Towards a Broader View of Competition Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
Economics And Politics

For over 100 years, competition policy has been a central part of a market economy’s legal framework. Over the past third of a century, however, the scope and effectiveness of competition policy has been narrowed, under the influence of certain ideas about the functioning of the market economy—ideas which have subsequently been widely discredited within the economics profession, but whose influence within antitrust law remains significant. This chapter argues that, to the contrary, changes in our economy and our understandings of the interplay between economics and politics necessitates a broader reach for competition policy than envisaged by the original advocates of antitrust law, and that this is especially so in developing countries and emerging markets.

scholarly journals Africanising the Catholic Mass Celebration in Ghana: Recognising Cultural Identity or Agenda to Retain the Faithful?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Poku Quan-Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Church ◽  
Full Conversion ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church started in Ghana in the 1500s. The missionaries of this Eurocentric Church prohibited its converts from practising their culture, for example the singing of folksongs, drumming, dancing and wearing of talismans in and outside the church, because they were deemed satanic, savage, fetish, heathen and ungodly. The missionaries’ perception was that Ghanaians did not know God and they—the missionaries—had come to Africa to “teach the Ghanaians” about God. Church premises were decorated with the cross and Christ images to facilitate full conversion of converts; whereas Ghanaian traditional, cultural and religious shrines for the veneration of “their” gods were destroyed. Church hymns were in Latin and English with few translations. However, in a noteworthy change of heart, over the past two decades Ghanaian drums, songs and dance were once again accepted into the Mass. This ethnographic study, which was undertaken to understand the sudden “U-turn” on Ghanaian culture, found that the change of attitude was to recognise African culture with the agenda of retaining the faithful in the wake of competition from emerging charismatic churches.

scholarly journals Earnings disparities in the czech republic: evidence of the past decade and cross-national comparison

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Cross National

Wage and income surveys are used to display changes in inequality of earnings and main factors of disparities. In the first part, increasing disparities in the Czech Republic and the decreasing weight of demographic characteristics in wage determination are observed. In the second part, available evidence on cross-national comparison is gathered in order to demonstrate the increasing similarity of the Czech wage structure with Western countries. We document that the introduction of the market economy has led to a significant increase in earnings disparities; the

scholarly journals MARKET UPDATE IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Mami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article examines the results of market reforms in Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet period, comparing the past and present. For 30 years, the market economy has decided only some of the most pressing issues of the economy. The full transition to private ownership, which began in the 1990s, is already in its infancy. To get out of the current crisis in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to change the direction of economic development. The state must take responsibility for these changes. The result in the country should be a model of mixed economy, offering different forms of ownership. At the same time, the state must control the spheres that facilitate the lives of people and play a key role in the security of the country.

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