Evolution of Indian Railways Through IoT

2018 ◽  
pp. 269-290
Author(s):  
Shaik Rasool ◽  
Uma N. Dulhare
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Past History ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Indian Railways is the largest rail network in the world, can be plays an essential role in the development of infrastructure areas such as coal, electric power, steel, concrete and other critical industries. Indian government has started concentrating on the modernization of the railways through huge investment. Internet of Things(IoT) is vital attention to expansion and excellence. The chapter will commence with the past history of rail transport in India Further section will support the IoT which is another great trend in technology. The later section of the chapter will give attention to how Internet of things could expertise the railroad industry, introducing a remedy which will be made to modernize aging sites at railroads, improve basic safety. The railway can help the passenger to utilize fewer interruptions in the event that's what they need. There's a large number of things that require to be watched and the railway can run as a completely digital service, without having to have people walking the tracks, it brings cost benefits and increased safety for the workforce.

Technology and US Foreign Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Krysko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us History ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Foreign Relations

Technology is ubiquitous in the history of US foreign relations. Throughout US history, technology has played an essential role in how a wide array of Americans have traveled to and from, learned about, understood, recorded and conveyed information about, and attempted to influence, benefit from, and exert power over other lands and peoples. The challenge for the historian is not to find where technology intersects with the history of US foreign relations, but how to place a focus on technology without falling prey to deterministic assumptions about the inevitability of the global power and influence—or lack thereof—the United States has exerted through the technology it has wielded. “Foreign relations” and “technology” are, in fact, two terms with extraordinarily broad connotations. “Foreign relations” is not synonymous with “diplomacy,” but encompasses all aspects and arenas of American engagement with the world. “Technology” is itself “an unusually slippery term,” notes prominent technology historian David Nye, and can refer to simple tools, more complex machines, and even more complicated and expansive systems on which the functionality of many other innovations depends. Furthermore, processes of technological innovation, proliferation, and patterns of use are shaped by a dizzying array of influences embedded within the larger surrounding context, including but by no means limited to politics, economics, laws, culture, international exchanges, and environment. While some of the variables that have shaped how the United States has deployed its technological capacities were indeed distinctly American, others arose outside the United States and lay beyond any American ability to control. A technology-focused rendering of US foreign relations and global ascendancy is not, therefore, a narrative of uninterrupted progress and achievement, but an accounting of both successes and failures that illuminate how surrounding contexts and decisions have variably shaped, encouraged, and limited the technology and power Americans have wielded.

scholarly journals VI. The caytoniales, a new group of angiospermous plants from the Jurassic Rocks of Yorkshire

1925 ◽  
Vol 213 (402-410) ◽  
pp. 299-363 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Past History ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jurassic Rocks ◽  
Living Organisms

The study of fossil plants during the last quarter of a century has revealed a vast amount of information about the past history of many modern plant types. But while we have learned much about the Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms, singularly little information has been gained about the evolution of the plants now dominant in the vegetation of the world—the Angiosperms. In 1879 Darwin wrote the well-known lines to Hooker :—“ The rapid develop­ment, so far as we can judge, of all the higher plants within recent geological times is an abominable mystery. . . . I should like to see the whole problem solved'. Though 45 years have passed since this was written, we are still hopelessly in the dark about the origin and early evolution of this, one of the largest classes of living organisms. Interesting theories have been put forward as to the possible origin of the angiosperms, but these have been almost entirely unsupported by fossil evidence.

The Common Fossils of The British Rocks

The Geologist ◽  
1858 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
S. J. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

In a magazine devoted especially to the propagation of Geological knowledge, it seems no infringement of its space, no deterioration of its value, tha t some pains should be taken to aid the student in his early efforts, and to disperse broadcast some useful elementary information, which may prove to the mass at once a source of instruction and of enjoyment, and so, by clearing the road to future and higher studies, may foster a dawning taste, and ultimately prove the means of adding many volunteers, and not unlikely even some brilliant master-minds to the ranks of Geologists, that otherwise, deterred at the outset, might perhaps have turned their attention and talents to some more accessible, if not more congenial study.Who does not feel some interest in the past history of this beautiful world—the scene of our labours and of our loves—of our successes and of our failures—the stage of our existence and the tomb of our dust ? If the animated creations of the past were dumb brute animals, still the earth was green and gay with trees, and plants and flowers—the hu m of insects vibrated on the summer's air, and the snows of winter covered the ancient lands with their hyemal mantle—the tides of ocean rose and fell, and the world went rolling on through time and space, through years and seasons. There were earthquakes the n and blazing volcanos—and winds and storms—great waves and merry dancing ripples on the sea.

scholarly journals Review: Contribution of Biotic Agents of Pakistan in World Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
World Agriculture

Biological control has attained immense significance. Biological control is not unknown. It has a past history of successes. Natural control consists of two major components: environmental factors (abiotic) and natural enemies (biotic). Integrated Pest Management or Crop Management is considered a valuable tool in food security. It has not only been used in Pakistan but also Pakistani biotic agents have been used elsewhere in the world giving substantial economic control. These have been mainly used in the USA. With World Trade Organization protocols in operation, biological control will be of much significance. Import and export of natural enemies will be up scaling in recent times.

The Replacement of HMI (Human-Machine Interface) in Industry Using Single Interface Through IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Pradnya Sulas Borkar ◽  
Prachi U. Chanana ◽  
Simranjeet Kaur Atwal ◽  
Tanvi G. Londe ◽  
Yash D. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
New Era ◽  
Single Interface ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Access Information ◽  
And Performance

The new era of computing is internet of things (IoT). Internet of things (IoT) represents the ability of network devices to sense and collect data from around the world and then share that data across the internet where it can be processed and utilize for different converging systems. Most of the organisation and industries needs up-to-date data and information about the hardware machines. In most industries, HMI (human-machine interface) is used mostly for connecting the hardware devices. In many manufacturing industries, HMI is the only way to access information about the configuration and performance of machine. It is difficult to take the history of data or data analysis of HMI automatically. HMI is used once per machine which is quite hard to handle. Due to frequent use of HMI, it leads to loss of time, high costs, and fragility, and it needs to be replaced, which was found to be costlier. An internet of things (IOT) is a good platform where all the machines in the industry are able to be handled from a single IoT-based web portal.

Guiding Sustainable Development along Rivers in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Bais ◽  
Manavvi Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
River Rehabilitation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Riverfront Development ◽  
Indian Rivers

<p>Rivers have been a crucial part of human existence and the cradle of ancient civilizations. Historically, all cities developed along river banks. Rivers have played a seminal role in structuring cities the world over. India is recognized as a river nation and has had a long history of mystical affiliation with its rivers. Here rivers are considered sacred and venerated. All human activities and rituals are innately associated with the riverfront. Riverfronts have functioned as crucial socio-cultural religious spaces. In today’s times however Rivers present a gory picture of neglect. Fresh water is polluted by domestic, industrial, agricultural and religious waste. Fortunately, people  over the world have begun to realize the importance of rivers and concentrated efforts to ecologically rehabilitate and restore them are underway. In India, such efforts are mostly hinged on channelizing the riverbank and providing a space for recreation for city dwellers. Activists and water proponents, however, contest this approach and term it to be a mere initiative focussed towards river beautification rather than river rehabilitation. Such initiatives are not necessarily ecologically responsive and sustainable. India has been one of the leading participants of the United Nations and is dedicated to the UN's 2015 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Under SDG 6 and SDG 11, India strives to boost its water bodies, water quality and provide a comprehensive sustainable solution. India initiated the Smart City Projects (SCP's) in 2015, focussing on cities ' overall sustainable development'. Under this project, a total of 100 cities have been identified and more than 60 cities have a plan for riverfront development. These initiatives are targeted at reducing water pollution, providing aid to the riverbank and improving the connect between the city and its river. This paper aims at reviewing the recent Riverfront development proposals in India under the smart city mission and develop a set of indicators as a framework that allows future communities to reclaim their river and river edges in a sustainable manner. Research is conducted in two stages. Phase one is to establish a framework based on the principles of urban design and urban planning policies in India and assess the planned riverfront project. Phase two suggests a multi-criterion sustainability framework in the context of Indian rivers and validate its application using the community discussion process. Discussions involve Indian government officials’ scholars from a variety of disciplines, engineers, designers, and the general public. This framework aims to direct developers, architects, PWDs, environmental authorities, towards sustainable restoration/rehabilitation strategies in the context of Indian rivers. </p><p>Keywords: Riverfront development, River Rehabilitation, River Restoration, Sustainability, Channelization, Smart City Projects</p>

scholarly journals Leveraging the Internet of Things for Energy Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Nikolay Kasatikov ◽  
Oleg Brekhov ◽  
Alexander Sytov ◽  
Ekaterina Milovanova
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The history of the development of such a thing as the Internet of things in our country, as well as in the world, is gaining momentum. The communication of all devices that maintain communication and transmit data online are used constantly and around the clock. In order to accumulate data and combine it for the benefit of local residents, as well as advertising companies, in order to understand their needs and solve with the help of unobtrusive offers, all data obtained from gadgets and devices connected to the Internet are used.

scholarly journals The World Anti-Doping Code: can you have asthma and still be an elite athlete?

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Past History ◽  
List Type ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Airway Injury ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inhaled Glucocorticoids ◽  
Intravenous Glucocorticoids

Key pointsThe World Anti-Doping Code (the Code) does place some restrictions on prescribing inhaled β2-agonists, but these can be overcome without jeopardising the treatment of elite athletes with asthma.While the Code permits the use of inhaled glucocorticoids without restriction, oral and intravenous glucocorticoids are prohibited, although a mechanism exists that allows them to be administered for acute severe asthma.Although asthmatic athletes achieved outstanding sporting success during the 1950s and 1960s before any anti-doping rules existed, since introduction of the Code’s policies on some drugs to manage asthma results at the Olympic Games have revealed that athletes with confirmed asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) have outperformed their non-asthmatic rivals.It appears that years of intensive endurance training can provoke airway injury, AHR and asthma in athletes without any past history of asthma. Although further research is needed, it appears that these consequences of airway injury may abate in some athletes after they have ceased intensive training.The World Anti-Doping Code (the Code) has not prevented asthmatic individuals from becoming elite athletes. This review examines those sections of the Code that are relevant to respiratory physicians who manage elite and sub-elite athletes with asthma. The restrictions that the Code places or may place on the prescription of drugs to prevent and treat asthma in athletes are discussed. In addition, the means by which respiratory physicians are able to treat their elite asthmatic athlete patients with drugs that are prohibited in sport are outlined, along with some of the pitfalls in such management and how best to prevent or minimise them.

scholarly journals An Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in G20 Countries and History of Previous Pandemics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Monika Garg ◽  
◽  
Nidhi Garg ◽  
Nishit Handa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This research paper focusses on the recent impact of Covid-19 on the G20 countries on basis of the number of cases and the number of deaths in several aspects. This paper also provides a brief history of the previously occurred pandemics and epidemics. A statistical analysis was conducted for 19 countries of the G20 assembly and presented in the paper. This topic was chosen in interest of recent events of the Covid-19 pandemic and its extensive effect on the world at large. The dataset consisting of records from nineteen countries was chosen as a part of the analysis. Apart from being involved in the G20 summit, these countries are looked upon by other countries of the world due to their economic and overall development. Further, past history of some pandemics and epidemics were taken into study.

Buddhism and Print Culture in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Early History ◽  
Reading Matter ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
Written Materials

In premodern China all written materials were to be treated with respect, but Buddhist materials containing the words of the Buddha in particular embodied his surviving presence in the world just as much as an image, and so any means of multiplying them increased that presence, thus casting printing in a role far more significant than the mere provision of reading matter. Unfortunately, the study of Buddhism and print culture in China has been hindered by cultural factors that have so far resulted in an uneven coverage by existing research. The contributions of Buddhism to the early history of printing have been acknowledged by modern scholarship, and the importance of Buddhist doctrines and practices to the emergence of the technology continue to be explored. More recently the immense achievement of Chinese Buddhists in printing the Buddhist Canon in its entirety from woodblock in a dozen successive editions has also been recognized. But the investigation of extracanonical printing has not blossomed in the same way. Only in the case of the Chan school, whose writings as a result of their incorporation of vernacular elements present a somewhat anomalous case, has modern research been carried out to the degree that one might have expected, largely as the result of the work of Japanese scholars such as Ishii Shūdō 石井修道 and Shiina Kōyū 椎名宏雄. This leaves much of the printed output of Chinese Buddhists over more than a millennium almost completely unaccounted for, which has very serious implications for any estimation of China as a book culture in past history. Simple counting of the number of editions published in China and Europe ignores the reluctance of our sources to record Buddhist works. Under the circumstances the picture given can only be described as provisional. China for its part was not a stable concept throughout history. Historically printing in languages other than Chinese occurred in the territorial area that forms the contemporary nation-state, and printing in Chinese also took place in locations that fall within other territories.

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