Structuring International Financial Centre

Abstract Context.—Pathologists work in an environment in which, to the extent possible, diagnostic decisions are based on scientific principles. It can therefore be a rather shocking experience when a pathologist finds one of his or her diagnostic decisions being evaluated by a legal system developed and controlled by lawyers and judges rather than by scientists or pathologists. This experience can be even more troubling when a key participant in the proceedings is a fellow pathologist guiding a jury toward an unfamiliar interpretation of the pathology standard of care. Objective.—To provide the interested pathologist with the background information necessary to (1) understand the role of expert testimony in malpractice litigation and (2) understand why there can be a gap between expert opinions expressed in court and expert opinions expressed in a medical care context. Data Sources.—Medical literature review supplemented by review of subspecialty position papers, selected articles from newspapers and magazines, and legal decisions. The medical literature review was limited to articles published in English and was based largely on articles retrieved using the MeSH terms expert testimony/legislation & jurisprudence, and pathology/legislation & jurisprudence. Conclusions.—Medical error has become an increasingly important topic for pathologists, and although errors or allegations of error are evaluated in many ways, the evaluation with the most impact on the individual pathologist is a malpractice case. During the last decade physicians have increasingly become aware of the critical role played by expert testimony in malpractice litigation. Some physicians have asserted that providing expert testimony is the practice of medicine, and that it is unacceptable for juries to be presented with expert testimony that incorrectly describes medical practice standards. However, this opinion has been vigorously opposed by attorneys who feel that juries are best able to come to a correct conclusion if they base their deliberations on a broad spectrum of opinion. Gaining an increased role in the oversight of expert testimony would allow physicians to establish a closer alignment between opinions expressed in court testimony and opinions expressed in clinical practice. However, despite some physician success in inserting themselves into the oversight process, both physicians and physician organizations attempting to take action against misleading expert testimony continue to be vulnerable to legal attack.

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A Review of Knowledge Management Frameworks

Beyond Knowledge Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-180-3.ch005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 120-236

Author(s):

Brian Lehaney ◽

Steve Clarke ◽

Elayne Coakes ◽

Gillian Jack

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Literature Review ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Data Representation ◽

Background Information ◽

General Area ◽

Organisational Structure ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

New Knowledge

This research is concerned with developing a framework for the evaluation of an organisation’s potential to engage in knowledge management (an organisation’s ‘KM-readiness’, or KMR). To recap, Chapter 3 offered background information and empirical evidence of issues that need to be considered in organisations, Chapter 4 provided an overview of knowledge management, and Chapter 5 explored organisational structure, strategy, and culture in the context of knowledge management. Discussion thus far would not be sufficient to provide a robust and reasoned framework. This chapter is intended to accumulate some further and more focussed ideas as to what should be in a KMR framework, and to assist in the understanding of the material presented here and further on in this thesis. This chapter, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of published knowledge management frameworks that purport to address evaluation, implementation, and other connected areas. Before continuing, it is important to set this exercise in context. The review of frameworks is distinct from a review of literature in which the frameworks are presented. The latter is not intended here. For example, a review of a paper may involve a comprehensive critique, which includes exploration into the general area of research, clarification of the hypothesis, detailed examination of research methods and methodology, literature review, and comprehensive examination of data representation and quality. Such a review would consider the presentation of the paper, and it would critically reflect on the overall purpose of the paper and contribution made to new knowledge, either conceptual or practical. This review focuses solely on the frameworks presented in a paper and in particular those that may address evaluation of knowledge management in an organisation.

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Factors Affecting Interprofessional Collaboration when Communicating through the use of Information and Communication Technologies: A Literature Review

Journal of Research in Interprofessional Practice and Education ◽

10.22230/jripe.2017v6n2a234 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monica Graves ◽

Dr. Shelley Doucet

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Program Implementation ◽

Administrative Support ◽

Interprofessional Collaboration ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Background Information ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Facilitators And Barriers

Abstract Background Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly being used internationally as a cost-effective and efficient way to provide care for patients in rural and remote settings, often referred to as telemedicine. There have been various studies that have examined the effectiveness of telemedicine implementation on patient outcomes, and the factors that enable successful telemedicine program implementation. The purpose of this narrative literature review was to explore a different side of the issue, with the objective to examine the factors that affect interprofessional collaboration when communicating through the use of ICTs in telemedicine settings. Methods and Findings A total of 56 papers were included in this review. Using a narrative review design, analysis of the papers revealed several factors that act as facilitators and barriers to interprofessional collaboration when communicating through the use of ICTs. Facilitators included training and planning; ICT system supports; establishing good rapport and communication patterns; patient-centredness; willingness to adapt to and accept the technology; and key individuals providing leadership and administrative support. Barriers included technical issues; coordination and organizational challenges; and problematic relationships. Conclusions From the facilitators and barriers, recommendations have been compiled for stakeholders involved in telemedicine initiatives to consider on how to support interprofessional collaboration in telemedicine.

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Transferring Knowledge in a Knowledge-Based Economy

Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-883-3.ch127 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 862-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauren Edelstein Henry ◽

Doris Lee

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Literature Review ◽

Transfer Process ◽

Background Information ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Knowledge Based Economy ◽

Independent Analysis ◽

The Creation

Knowledge is considered a major asset for companies competing in today’s knowledge-based economy. Management and retention of this knowledge is a critical task in keeping companies ahead of the game. This article will focus on one component of knowledge management, that is, the creation of a successful knowledge transfer process by using an integrative literature review method (Torracco, 2005). An integrative literature review is a form of research where the pertinent literature on a topic was systematically reviewed, analyzed, and synthesized in hopes of reaching a new and better understanding of the topic. Multiple databases were used in gathering literature for this article. Common themes that serve as findings of the study were through the processes of independent analysis of each researcher and joint discussion of the two researchers of the study. In the following sections, background information and definitions concerning knowledge transfer are presented followed by the identified themes. Finally, pertinent discussions regarding trends of knowledge transfer are discussed.

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Teacher’s Involvement Level in Co-Curricular Activities in the Schools of Thimphu

Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science ◽

10.9734/jesbs/2021/v34i230304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-58

Author(s):

Sangay Khandu

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Education System ◽

Research Question ◽

Personality Development ◽

Research Work ◽

School Level ◽

Background Information ◽

Positive Thinking ◽

The Social ◽

Core Components

This research primarily aims to examine teacher’s involvement level in co-curricular activities as co-curricular activities are considered one of the core components of the Bhutanese education system, where co-curricular activities promote enthusiasm, vitality, positive thinking, and team spirit which in turn, contribute to personality development [1]. Understanding teacher’s perspective and their work situation would strengthen the co-curricular activities in schools through proper directions and supports. Therefore, this research work was intended to see teacher’s involvement, interest, and training aspects in co-curricular activities. The report on “teacher’s involvement in co-curricular activities in the schools of Thimphu” consists of six chapters. Chapter1 states the importance of co-curricular activities in the education system and the rationale for conducting this study. It also highlights the importance of teachers in the education system. Chapter 2 talks about the background information on the research work through intensive literature review focusing on three objectives of the research. A similar kind of study, which was conducted in different countries is also reviewed and it was found that it has a strong correlation to our setting of the education system. Adequate evidence was brought into the discussion from various sources although such kinds of study weren’t conducted in Bhutan before. Through rigorous literature review, it was able to structure the research question and theoretical framework for this study. Chapter 3 discusses the research design, methodology, and analysis. For this study, a descriptive method was undertaken with a quantitative approach using survey questionnaires. The questionnaire was pre-tested and a reliability test for internal consistency was also carried out. The survey questionnaire was administered to about 120 teachers from eight different schools of Thimphu. Data analysis was carried out mostly through SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and a Microsoft Excel sheet was also used for preparing tables and graphs for interpretation. Chapter 4 provides the main findings of the study. The summaries of the findings from this study are: Firstly, the demographic detail shows that 70.8% female and 29.2% male participated in this research and from which 56.7% of the teachers were from the age group of 31-40. The majority of respondents were B.Ed teachers and representation of school level was maintained somewhat equal. Secondly, the involvement in co-curricular activities was found very impressive as the mean score was recorded at 4.1. It also showed that 90.9% of teachers are very familiar with co-curricular activities in school. Thirdly it was also found that the teachers do adequate planning and devote their time to co-curricular programs. However, it was found that they desire motivation and reward systems to be in place as they were not motivated by the current situation. Fourthly the findings showed that the teachers are in dire need of more training and workshops to upgrade their knowledge and skills in co-curricular activities. Around 86.6% stated that they need specialized tutors to to carry out co-curricular activities in schools. Chapter 5 provides some practical recommendations based on the findings. The recommendations are particularly made on the areas like; empowerment in carrying out the co-curricular activities, motivation & reward system, provide enough training & workshops , create suitable timing for co-curricular activities and ministry to carry out study on the relevancy of co-curricular activities in schools. Chapter 6 discusses the limitations, significance & scope of the study, and ethical considerations. Finally, chapter 7 provides the conclusion.

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The Demand Side for Development of E-Government Services and Gateway in Turkey

Stakeholder Adoption of E-Government Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-601-5.ch006 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 116-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Tunç Medeni ◽

Yasemin Çetin ◽

Asim Balci ◽

Sevgi Özkan

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Information Quality ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Background Information ◽

Government Services ◽

Work In Progress ◽

Research Findings ◽

Citizen Perceptions ◽

Secondary Information

Representing the co-authors’ academic and practitioner background, this chapter provides the most-up-to-date information for an ongoing work on citizen-oriented e-government initiatives. The purpose of this work follows the importance, priority, and necessity of paying attention to citizen side, and aims to improve understanding and better address the citizen demands and expectations towards e-government public transformation. The research aims to question and understand better what citizens think regarding the currently available e-government services in Turkey. In response to this purpose and question, this work-in-progress chapter presents secondary information from literature review and context of the ongoing practical and academic works, and primary findings from both a preliminary and a recent study. These presented information and findings mostly represent practitioners’ viewpoint that is mostly based on the authors’ professional, academic, and personal involvement in the various aspects of the Turkey case, and in return are expected to provide certain input for the on-going practical affairs. As the research is a work-in-progress that traces long-lasting development and ongoing operations of e-government in practice, at this point, providing some suggestions and directions rather than concrete practical and theoretical implications is considered to have the most value. As a result, security, trust, ease of use, service, and information quality are determined to be significant for citizens’ perceptions and suggestions as factors that affect their usage of e-government services in Turkey. The resulting chapter first provides a relevant literature review then information about the history and latest developments in e-government from the perspective of citizen side. Following this background information, the preliminary descriptive study on citizen perceptions of demands and expectations conducted last year is reminded. Build upon these ongoing researches on the academic and practical side, latest research findings as a result of analysing citizens suggestions for E-Government Gateway (EGG) in Turkey are also shared. Finally, suggestions for future based on latest work are given.

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Platform Edge Detection and Protection Effects on Platform–Train Interface Safety

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2534-04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2534 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Dylan Anderson ◽

Katharine Hunter-Zaworski

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Best Practices ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Safety Data ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Background Information ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Technical Factors ◽

Operator Safety ◽

Operational Aspects

The purpose of this study was to provide background information and examples of best practices relating to platform–train interface safety. This paper was adapted from a literature review that was undertaken as part of TCRP Project A-40, which aimed to improve platform safety for rail modes of public transportation. The findings were from an extensive literature review, transit operator safety data, input from two workshops, and interviews with various stakeholders. Information was gathered from transit operators, station designers, station builders, car builders, and accessibility equipment manufacturers. The background research showed that platform safety was primarily affected by technical factors, operational aspects, and passenger characteristics. This study identified possible issues and best practices for the technical design aspects of platform edge safety. Certain factors were found to be universal between modes and could be grouped together. However, the research suggests that each mode has many factors that should be considered separately when potential mitigation strategies are determined. The second part of this paper considers each mode separately.

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Assessing the legislative and regulatory framework supporting the management of records in South Africa’s public health sector

SA Journal of Information Management ◽

10.4102/sajim.v18i1.686 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shadrack Katuu ◽

Thomas Van der Walt

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Literature Review ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Health Sector ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Background Information ◽

Health Records ◽

Public Health Sector ◽

Regulatory Instruments

Background: The process of improving the quality of health care delivery requires that health systems function efficiently and effectively. A key component of health care systems’ efficiency is the administration of records that are often poorly managed. Any improvement in the management of records has to be done in full cognisance that records are generated in an organisational setting and based on a national legislative and regulatory framework.Objectives: The purpose of this article is to assess the contextual legislative and regulatory framework of South Africa’s health care system and its impact on the effectiveness of records management in public health care institutions.Method: Data for the study were obtained from two sources. On the one hand, the study conducted a review of literature that not only provided background information but also informed the research process. On the other hand, a varied number of respondents were identified through purposive sampling, and their expert knowledge solicited through semi-structured interviews.Results: The literature review, as well as the interviews, revealed that findings on the legislative and regulatory environment are multi-layered. For instance, respondents echoed observations made from the literature review that, whilst South Africa had a complex array of legal instruments, compliance levels at public health institutions were very rudimentary and contrary to the levels of sophistication expected by the legal instruments. A number of respondents noted the lack of specific guidelines for health records and that in most government departments there was ‘a very low key focus on the regulatory issues’. Several respondents stated that even when there were general guidelines for managing records, very few public institutions were compliant. A majority of the respondents noted a lack of an integrated approach in the different legislative and regulatory instruments, for instance, on the issue of records retention.Conclusion: The study revealed three related observations: firstly, that there is substantial legislative and regulatory dissonance in the management of health records in the country’s public health sector; secondly, understanding the complex interplay of different legal and regulatory instruments in the country’s public health sector is a critical first step, but it remains the beginning of the process; thirdly, there are lessons to be drawn from the extensive experiences of other countries such as the United Kingdom in addressing the legislative and regulatory challenges.

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Organizing Information Obtained From Literature Reviews – A Framework for Information System Area Researchers

Informing Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline ◽

10.28945/4902 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 023-044

Author(s):

Ajit Kumar ◽

Amrita Priyadarsini

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Information Systems ◽

Literature Review ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Background Information ◽

Future Research ◽

Present Information ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Initial Idea ◽

Future Consumption

Aim/Purpose: A literature review is often criticized for the absence of coherent construction, synthesis of topics, and well-reasoned analysis. A framework is needed for novice researchers to organize and present information obtained from the literature review. Background: Information and communication technologies advancement have yielded overwhelming information. The massive availability of information poses several challenges, including storage, processing, meaningful organization, and presentation for future consumption. Information System Researchers have developed frameworks, guidelines, and tools for gathering, filtering, processing, storing, and organizing information. Interestingly, information system researchers have vast information that needs meaningful organization and presentation to the research fraternity while conducting a literature review on a research topic. Methodology: This paper describes a framework called LACTiC (Location, Author, Continuum, Time, and Category) that we adapted from another framework called LATCH (Location, Alphabetical, Time, Category, and Hierarchy). LATCH was used to organize and present information on e-commerce websites for seamless navigation. We evaluated the LACTiC framework. Contribution: Information System Researchers can use the LACTiC framework to organize information obtained from literature review. Findings: The evaluation reveals that most researchers from information systems organize information obtained from the literature review category-wise, followed by continuum, author, time, and location. Recommendation for Researchers: Overall, the framework works well and can be helpful for researchers for an initial idea for organizing information obtained from the literature review. Future Research: To conceptualize the framework, the study was carried out using Information Systems related literature. To generalize the proposed framework, we may suggest that the study can be extended to other areas of business management, such as marketing, finance, operation, decision sciences, accounting, and economics.

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The Demand Side for Development of E-Government Services and Gateway in Turkey

Digital Democracy ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1740-7.ch069 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1386-1406

Author(s):

D. Tunç Medeni ◽

Yasemin Çetin ◽

Asim Balci ◽

Sevgi Özkan

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Information Quality ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Background Information ◽

Government Services ◽

Work In Progress ◽

Research Findings ◽

Citizen Perceptions ◽

Secondary Information

Representing the co-authors’ academic and practitioner background, this chapter provides the most-up-to-date information for an ongoing work on citizen-oriented e-government initiatives. The purpose of this work follows the importance, priority, and necessity of paying attention to citizen side, and aims to improve understanding and better address the citizen demands and expectations towards e-government public transformation. The research aims to question and understand better what citizens think regarding the currently available e-government services in Turkey. In response to this purpose and question, this work-in-progress chapter presents secondary information from literature review and context of the ongoing practical and academic works, and primary findings from both a preliminary and a recent study. These presented information and findings mostly represent practitioners’ viewpoint that is mostly based on the authors’ professional, academic, and personal involvement in the various aspects of the Turkey case, and in return are expected to provide certain input for the on-going practical affairs. As the research is a work-in-progress that traces long-lasting development and ongoing operations of e-government in practice, at this point, providing some suggestions and directions rather than concrete practical and theoretical implications is considered to have the most value. As a result, security, trust, ease of use, service, and information quality are determined to be significant for citizens’ perceptions and suggestions as factors that affect their usage of e-government services in Turkey. The resulting chapter first provides a relevant literature review then information about the history and latest developments in e-government from the perspective of citizen side. Following this background information, the preliminary descriptive study on citizen perceptions of demands and expectations conducted last year is reminded. Build upon these ongoing researches on the academic and practical side, latest research findings as a result of analysing citizens suggestions for E-Government Gateway (EGG) in Turkey are also shared. Finally, suggestions for future based on latest work are given.

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