Consumer and Producer Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Sean Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Enhance Efficiency

This chapter takes an in-depth look at consumer and producer economic theories. Both theories play a central role in decision making by individuals, businesses, and the government. To help understand how these theories function, the chapter provides an overview of the economic “laws” of supply and demand. The chapter continues with an exploration of government intervention in the marketplace, including the subjects of market failure, regulation, incentives, price controls, taxation, governmental hiring, and the purchase of private sector goods by public sector entities. To conclude, the chapter links government actions to consumer and producer economic theories in its daily operations as a means to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and equitable service delivery.

scholarly journals Analysis of Budget Imbalance Dynamics in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Alex Oguso ◽  
Francis M. Mwega ◽  
Nelson H. Wawire ◽  
Purna Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

<p><em>Kenya needs substantial and sustained fiscal consolidation to create fiscal space for financing the government’s election pledges, the Vision 2030 development projects, and sustainable development goals. However, the government has found it hard to sustain its fiscal consolidation attempts. This study investigates the fiscal consolidation constraints that act through the budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya using the </em><em>Olivera-Tanzi effect approach.</em><em> The study covers the period 2000-2015</em><em> using time series data and employs three </em><em>Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) error correction models</em><em> in the analysis. The study showed that a </em><em>rise in the general price levels in the economy, adjustment of minimum wages, rise</em><em> in perceived levels of corruption in the public sector and the political budget cycles (occurrence of a general election) worsen the budget imbalances (deficits) thus </em><em>constrain fiscal consolidation efforts in Kenya. The study also demonstrated that </em><em>budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya could partly be explained by the Olivera-Tanzi proposition. </em><em>The study rec</em><em>ommends measures to reduce the fiscal imbalance gap in Kenya, which include controlling both supply and demand side inflationary pressure and dealing with rent seeking behavior in the public sector.</em></p>

From Data to Vision

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
The Government

This chapter examines the use of big data in the public sector. The public sector pertains to government-related activities. The specific context in this chapter looks at the use of big data at the country level, also described as the federal level. Conceptually, data is processed through a “knowledge pyramid” where data is used to generate information, information generates knowledge, and knowledge begets wisdom. Using this theoretical backdrop, this chapter presents an extension of this model and proposes that the next stage in the pyramid is vision. Vision describes a future plan for the government agency or business, based on the current survey of the organization's environment. To develop these concepts, the use of big data is examined in three different countries. Both opportunities and challenges are outlined, with recommendations for the future. The concepts examined in this chapter are within the constraints of the public sector, but may also be applied to private sector initiatives pertaining to big data.

Public-Private-Academic Cooperation as a Trust Building Mechanism

2016 ◽  
pp. 199-223
Author(s):  
Nicholas Virzi ◽  
Juan Portillo ◽  
Mariela Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

The chapter will be a case study from an Ordoliberal perspective of the conception, implementation and policy output of the newly created Private Council of Competitiveness (PCC) in Guatemala, a country wracked by mistrust of the public sector by the private sector. The PCC was founded as a private sector initiative, in conjunction with academia, to work with the government to spawn new efforts aimed at augmenting Guatemala's national competitiveness, by fomenting innovation, entrepreneurship and closer ties between academia and the public and private sectors. The chapter utilizes first hand interviews with the members of the PCC and key public sector players, academics, and other top representatives from the private sector to show how working together built the trust necessary to make the PCC a successful working body with the potential to produce important initiatives in matters of competitiveness, innovation and entrepreneurship.

Underlying values and competencies of public and private sector managers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Darling ◽  
J. Barton Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify unique values and competencies linked to private and public sector environments. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on critical incident interviews with a sample of senior leaders who had experience in both the public and private sectors. Findings The findings illustrate distinct public and private sector relevant competencies that reflect the unique values of their organizations and the character of the organization’s environments. This paper suggests a range of distinct public sector competencies including: managing competing interests, managing the political environment, communicating in a political environment, interpersonal motivational skills, adding value for clients, and impact assessment in decision-making. These were very different than those identified as critical for the private sector environment: business acumen, visionary leadership, marketing communication, market acumen, interpersonal communication, client service, and timely and opportunistic decision-making. Private sector competencies reflect private sector environments where goals need to be specifically defined and implemented in a timely manner related to making a profit and surviving in a competitive environment. Public sector competencies are driven by environments exhibiting more complex and unresolvable problems and the need to respond to conflicting publics and serving the public good while surviving in a political environment. Originality/value A key message of this study is that competency frameworks need to be connected to the organization’s unique environments and the values that managers are seeking to achieve. This is particularly important for public organizations that have more complex and changing environments.

scholarly journals Will Public-Private Partnerships Solve Nigeria’s Infrastructure Problems?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
George Nwangwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
As If

Nigeria, like most countries around the world, has turned to Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to finance its infrastructure deficit. However, it appears that the government of Nigeria looks towards PPPs as the major solution to the country’s infrastructure crisis. In a sense PPPs are being sold to the public as if they were free, that the private sector would come in with its funds, provide the desired services and that the problem with the country’s infrastructure would automatically cease. This paper argues that this supposition is a myth and that the role of PPPs in the provision of public infrastructure is more nuanced than is being bandied around. PPPs are not the panacea to all of the country’s infrastructure problems and also are far from being completely free. It is however the case that if appropriately deployed, in most cases PPPs provide some advantages over conventional public sector procurements. This paper explores the different advantages and disadvantages of PPPs and suggests ways in which PPPs may be effectively used to improve the country’s infrastructure with reduced fiscal exposure to government.

scholarly journals Knowledge Management in the Public Sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 484-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdullatif Albastaki ◽  
Adel Ismail Al-Alawi ◽  
Sara Abdulrahman Al-Bassam
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Although knowledge is recognized as a very important element of any business, the public sector does not fully explore the depth of the knowledge management (KM) as compared to private sector business. As days are passing by, public sector business has also started to realize the importance of KM. The public sector is a business that is run by the government. This sector includes organizations like government cooperation, enterprises, militaries, education, health, and related departments public services. In the public sector, the managers have started to adopt and develop practices of KM. Government organizations are facing many challenges to adapt and engage themselves in an electronic work environment. Over the years KM has grown and has been in continuous change in the public sector and has become essential to any organization in the world. Managers have been looking for a more futuristic approach for the past years. The purpose of this chapter examines the ongoing change in KM in the public sector and tackles the gap in the literature.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Public-Private Divide: Workplace Violence and the U.S. Forest Service

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindra Ramble
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

The Oklahoma City bombing put a sensational face on antigovernment violence. Yet, for all of the attention devoted during its aftermath to the growth and possible consequences of antigovernment sentiments, little systematic investigation has been done regarding the extent to which this type of violence may have permeated the government workplace. Further, scholars presently lack contextual knowledge about potential differences between public sector and private sector workplace violence in which to place hypotheses concerning the connections between antigovernment sentiments and the violent victimization of government employees. This article probes those connections through a study of the workplace violence endured by rangers of the United States Forest Service, in hopes of contributing to the understanding of the complicated relationships between workplace violence, antigovernment activity, and employment in the public sector. Analysis of the violent incidents uncovered through this study lends support to the conclusion that violence waged against government employees is significantly different than the violence being perpetrated in private sector work settings. These findings further suggest that antigovernment activity contributes meaningfully to the differences in workplace violence experienced by government employees.

scholarly journals Functioning of Parliamentary Committees in Pakistan: An Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Sidra Akram ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Systems

Parliamentary committees are a tremendous way to ensure predictability and transparency in the work of ministries, regulatory bodies and public sector enterprises via effectual function of oversight. A major challenge for democracies is to ensure good governance especially in changing the way the private sector and the government engages. This research provides a concise and analytical study of the functioning of the system of committees in democratic systems and in Pakistan. The research analyzed the effectiveness of the parliamentary committees which will form the basis for this work for further progress. The research work is analytical as well as descriptive in nature. Data related to this study has been collected by secondary sources such as books, journal articles, encyclopedias and research reports.

scholarly journals Administrative and Ethical Issues in Ghana’s Public Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 573-594
Author(s):  
Nick Fobih
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Government

This study examines some of the major administrative and ethical challenges facing Ghana’s public administration, with regard to the issues associated with the country’s governance processes and public sector service delivery. The methodology used is based on the qualitative approach with combined sources from primary and secondary data and the case study method. The findings in the study show that whereas Ghana’s democracy has made significant inroads over the years since the 1992 democratic transition, a number of administrative and ethical issues hinder the country’s public administration processes and procedures, which require immediate government attention to address them more appropriately. The study recommends that the government (executive branch) and the bureaucracy (Ministries, Departments and Agencies) should make frantic efforts towards promoting effective and efficient service delivery system and government accountability for accelerated national development. The study’s implication for theory is that it will inform its readers about the different perspectives on the topic discussed. Given the service delivery and corruption challenges in Ghana’s public sector, the recommendations will go a long way to help address some of the problems facing Ghana’s MDAs and the government in general. The significance of the study is that it provides key insights into important issues in Ghana’s public administration, which can serve as useful lessons for the government, public institutions and the bureaucracy. The outlined challenges and recommendations will inform the government, MDAs and other government agencies of the need to improve governance and administration in order to accelerate the country’s political and socio-economic development. This study further contributes towards academic discussions on the administrative and ethical issues hampering the effective delivery of services and public and administration in Ghana and Africa in general.

scholarly journals Is the Private Sector more Productive than the Public Sector?

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 721-729
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

In developing countries the rapid growth of the public sector during the past few decades was viewed as an important means for accelerating the pace of economic growth. In most developing countries the public sector now accounts for a prominent share of total production and investment. But the contribution of the public sector to growth has been much below expectations. In many cases public enterprises require large subsidies from the government and impose a significant fiscal burden on the economy, which leads to the notion that the private sector is much more productive than the public sector. However, little empirical work has been done in this field so that the proposals that emphasize the private sector vis-a-vis the public sector rest largely on theoretical considerations. Recent work by Khan and Reinhart (1990) is an important exception. Using cross-section data for the seventies of 24 developing countries they show that the arguments favouring the private sector in adjustment programmes have empirical support. Khan and Reinhart estimate a growth model in which the effect of private and public investment on growth is separated. A comparison of the marginal productivities of the two types of investment allows them to conclude that "all in all, there does seem to be some merit in the key role assigned to private investment in the development process by supporters of market -based strategies". [Khan and Reinhart (1990), p. 25.]

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