The Network Organization as the Development Path for Modern Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Virtual Organizations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Network Organizations ◽  
Survey Results

The first chapter addresses the phenomenon and concept of a network organization. It is a form that is more and more present in today's digital world. It does not solely concern typical network, virtual organizations that are established and operate only on the internet. We ever more frequently see organizations that go beyond their own traditional organizational structures. They are often interdisciplinary and cover a wide range of seemingly different areas of life and economy. Network organizations are particularly common where knowledge and innovation are created; therefore, they are extremely popular when research and development (R&D) and scientific projects are implemented. How widespread network structures are in the life of today's organizations will be established by means of the survey results that will be described in this chapter and in the further part of this monograph.

Identification and Localization of Digital Addresses on the Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
André Årnes
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Wide Range

A central issue in assessing and responding to an attack on the Internet is the identification and localization of the attackers. In information warfare and cyber terrorism, an attack can be launched using a large number of hosts, in which case fast and accurate identification and tracing is crucial for handling and responding to the attack. In the digital world of the Internet, however, there are many cases where a successful trace is difficult or impossible. The design of the Internet, as well as services that hide the origin of communication and provide anonymity, complicate tracing and create a need for a wide range of tools for tracing. In this chapter, we provide a survey of different tools and services available for tracing the geographic location of hosts and users on the Internet. We consider both active and passive methods of identification and tracing. A passive trace uses information that is available through public sources, in log data, or through commercially available databases. Active methods involve the use of tools for probing the attacking party directly, for example, through scanning and pinging. Some of the methods for locating addresses on the Internet have been developed for use in electronic commerce and marketing applications, but the basic principles are equally applicable to digital investigations and information warfare. We consider only tracing of addresses on the Internet. Consequently, this chapter only considers the Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6), as well as higher level protocols using IP (such as TCP, UDP, and HTTP). We refer to the host that we try to identify as the target host and its address as the target address. The system used to execute the tracing is referred to as the trace host.

scholarly journals The Role of the Internet in International Law-Making, Implementation and Global Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-700
Author(s):  
Annalisa Ciampi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Law Making

This paper delves into influence of the internet on international law and global governance, a phenomenon that increased incrementally over the last decade before the COVID-19 emergency precipitated it. It posits that the digital world birthed whole new 'territories' where the practice of states and other actors is recorded and displayed, but it also exists independently from the physical realm. With respect to law-making, the internet acts as both a sounding board for, and an originator of, international practice. New technologies and social networks have also certainly increased the availability of information to governments and the public regarding violations of international norms. Yet, they have created a new – online – environment in which internationally wrongful acts can be committed. This further qualifies, yet does not make less significant, the relevance of the internet for the implementation of international law. The paper further submits that technological power has become a fundamental force of leverage in global governance, akin to economic, military, and political might for states and a wide range of non-state actors alike. Big Tech companies and other corporations but also civil society, social and political groups, and individuals are all potential stakeholders participating formally and informally (or to be included) in the sharing of power. Notwithstanding the difficulty to articulate a concept that comprehensively rationalises the impact of the internet on the processes and structures of international law and governance, the paper highlights a gap between the theory and practice of international law and offers a contribution in this direction.

Creative Strategy Used in Electronic Advertising

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Mustafa Omer Abdalaziz
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electronic Advertising

The study aims at the technological developments that are taking place in the world and have impacted on all sectors and fields and imposed on the business organizations and commercial companies to carry out their marketing and promotional activities within the electronic environment. The most prominent of these developments is the emergence of the concept of electronic advertising which opened a wide range of companies and businessmen to advertise And to promote their products and their work easily through the Internet, which has become full of electronic advertising, and in light of that will discuss the creative strategy used in electronic advertising;

Tendencies of development of modern innovative technologies and the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. M. Doguchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The era of digital transformation provides the opportunity for leading companies to change priorities - to begin to take care of the support environment using innovative technologies and become a leading creative platform open for innovation. The successful development of the digital world, the blockchain technology, the Internet of things – the mechanism which will change the financial world. 

Generational Spillover in the Resistance to Trump

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Generations ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The anti-Trump Resistance involves activists from an unusually wide range of political and chronological generations: movement veterans from the 1960s and 1970s, Generation X activists politicized in the 1980s and 1990s, Millennials who entered activism in the 2000s, and newcomers of all ages. Political generations differ in worldview based on both age and time of entry into activism. Generational spillover—the mutual influence, difference, and conflict among political generations—includes explicit attempts to teach organizing, and indirect influences on frames, organizational structures, tactics, ideologies, and goals. This chapter discusses generational spillover in the Resistance, including transmission and conflict.

scholarly journals Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-508
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The review focuses on the processing, stimulation, and audiological methods that have been used to try to improve speech perception by human CI listeners, and on fundamental new insights in the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise reduction and pre-processing algorithms has produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focusing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) deactivation of subsets of electrodes have produced more modest improvements. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of promising technologies that are currently being developed in animal models, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

scholarly journals Mini-review: antibody therapeutics targeting G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Catherine J Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Antibody Therapeutics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract Antibodies are now well established as therapeutics with many additional advantages over small molecules and peptides relative to their selectivity, bioavailability, half-life and effector function. Major classes of membrane-associated protein targets include G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels that are linked to a wide range of disease indications across all therapeutic areas. This mini-review summarizes the antibody target landscape for both GPCRs and ion channels as well as current progress in the respective research and development pipelines with some example case studies highlighted from clinical studies, including those being evaluated for the treatment of symptoms in COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Beads, Pixels, and Nkisi: Contemporary Kinois Art and Reconfigurations of the Virtual

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Katrien Pype
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Stereotypical Image

AbstractIn the 2016 Abiola Lecture, Mbembe argued that “the plasticity of digital forms speaks powerfully to the plasticity of African precolonial cultures and to ancient ways of working with representation and mediation, of folding reality.” In her commentary, Pype tries to understand what “speaking powerfully to” can mean. She first situates the Abiola Lecture within a wide range of exciting and ongoing scholarship that attempts to understand social transformations on the continent since the ubiquitous uptake of the mobile phone, and its most recent incarnation, the smartphone. She then analyzes the aesthetics of artistic projects by Alexandre Kyungu, Yves Sambu, and Hilaire Kuyangiko Balu, where wooden doors, tattoos, beads, saliva, and nails correlate with the Internet, pixels, and keys of keyboards and remote controls. Finally, Pype asks to whom the congruence between the aesthetics of a “precolonial” Congo and the digital speaks. In a society where “the past” is quickly demonized, though expats and the commercial and political elite pay thousands of dollars for the discussed art works, Pype argues that this congruence might be one more manifestation of capitalism’s cannibalization of a stereotypical image of “Africa.”

scholarly journals Problems of Powering End Devices in Wireless Networks of the Internet of Things

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2417
Author(s):  
Andrzej Michalski ◽  
Zbigniew Watral
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article presents the problems of powering wireless sensor networks operating in the structures of the Internet of Things (IoT). This issue was discussed on the example of a universal end node in IoT technology containing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags. The basic methods of signal transmission in these types of networks are discussed and their impact on the basic requirements such as range, transmission speed, low energy consumption, and the maximum number of devices that can simultaneously operate in the network. The issue of low power consumption of devices used in IoT solutions is one of the main research objects. The analysis of possible communication protocols has shown that there is a possibility of effective optimization in this area. The wide range of power sources available on the market, used in nodes of wireless sensor networks, was compared. The alternative possibilities of powering the network nodes from Energy Harvesting (EH) generators are presented.

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