Information System for Knowledge Management of the Technological Platforms in Brazil Healthcare

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-44
Author(s):  
Jorge Lima Magalhaes ◽  
Marlede Menezes ◽  
Zulmira Hartz ◽  
Adelaide Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Brazilian Health System ◽  
Technological Platforms

In the information era, great challenges in healthcare are now intensifying. Regarding challenges for public health, they are intensified not only in developing and less developed countries on account of parasitic diseases, but also for developed countries because of emerging and reemerging diseases. When these diseases are associated with chronic or acute diseases, they intensify causing a serious public health problem as drugs resistance, neglected disease, and those that perpetuate poverty. Thus, it is important to find out new tools for management information. In health area, the financial turnover in the world was US$ 1 trillion dollars only in medicines sector. In Brazil, about US$ 40 billion. Even in times of crisis, this is a sector with constantly expanding business whether by incorporating new technologies, new players in research and development, as well as adjustments to public health policies, regulatory issues, and global outbreaks of disease. These facts lead to constant adjustments of business in companies, universities, and government actions. This statement is aligned in the knowledge-based strategy advocated by Etzkowitz. In 2017, three lists of new strategic products for the Brazilian health system had already been changed. Using new intelligence systems, the government adopted new strategic business partnerships and were conceived in 2017 (others replaced) with budgets of more than 6 billion reais. In this scenario, the revision of the chapter will feature new author and a scope of approach will be expanded to the new policy “Technological Platform” that replaces the old policy called partnership for productive development.

“Knowledge-Based Economics” in the Innovative Development of the Construction Sphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 996-1001
Author(s):  
Galina Tokunova ◽  
Alexander Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technological Platforms

The increased role of knowledge in the economics, the growth of the role of education and innovations caused the necessity to revise the role of the basic subjects in the market (the government, business structures, universities) and mechanisms of their interaction. The primary importance is now being shifted towards such subjects of innovations as resource centers, innovative businesses, technological platforms, the clusters capable of exerting efficient influence upon the innovations process, which, in its turn, improves the competitive ability of particular spheres of business and entire national economics. This process also influenced the construction industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the manifestation of the phenomenon of the knowledge-based economics in the construction sphere. The tasks of this research: firstly, to highlight the evolution of the scientific discipline “knowledge-based economics”; secondly, to analyze the efficiency of the phenomenon on the example of the USA, the EC and Russia; thirdly, to analyze the innovative process in the construction sphere; fourthly, to highlight the role of various institutional structures (resource centers, innovative businesses, technological platforms, clusters) for innovative activity in the construction sphere.

scholarly journals Smoking in Latin America: a major public health problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S109-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Sergio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Latin American Countries

Smoking has become a major public health problem in Latin America, and its scope varies from country to country. Despite difficulties in obtaining methodologically consistent data for the region, we analyzed the results from prevalence surveys in 14 Latin American countries. Smoking prevalence among men varied from 24.1% (Paraguay) to 66.3% (Dominican Republic) and among women from 5.5% (Paraguay) to 26,6% (Uruguay). By applying point prevalence data to the stage model of the tobacco epidemic in developed countries, we concluded that the Latin American countries are in stage 2, i.e., with a clearly rising prevalence among men, a prevalence for women that is beginning to increase, and mortality attributable to smoking among men still not reflecting peak prevalence. None of the countries analyzed appeared to have reached stage 3, in which one observes a downward trend in prevalence of smoking among men and peak prevalence among women, with broad impact on tobacco-related mortality. The only exception appears to be Paraguay, which is still emerging from stage 1, i.e., with low prevalence rates among men, too. Nevertheless, high lung cancer mortality rates in Uruguay and Argentina are comparable to those of the developed countries.

A Situation Analysis of Public Health Interventions, Barriers, and Opportunities for Improving Maternal Nutrition in Bihar, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2_suppl1) ◽  
pp. S93-S103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Noznesky ◽  
Usha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Government

Background Maternal underweight and anemia are highly prevalent in Bihar, especially among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years. Although numerous programs and platforms exist for delivering efficacious interventions for improving maternal nutrition, the coverage and quality of these interventions are low. Objective To examine existing interventions for reducing maternal undernutrition in Bihar and identify barriers to and opportunities for expanding their coverage and quality. Methods The research was conducted in New Delhi and Bihar between May and August 2010. Forty-eight key informant interviews were conducted with policy makers, program managers, and service providers at multiple levels. Secondary data were collected from survey reports and program documents. All data were analyzed thematically. Results Barriers to the delivery and uptake of interventions to improve maternal nutrition include the shortage of essential inputs, low prioritization of maternal undernutrition, sterilization bias within the family planning program, weak management systems, poverty, gender inequality, caste discrimination, and flooding. In order to overcome barriers and improve service delivery, the current government and its partners have introduced structural reforms within the public health system, launched new programs for underserved groups, developed innovative approaches, and experimented with new technologies. Conclusions Since coming to power, the Government of Bihar has achieved impressive increases in the coverage of prioritized health services, such as institutional deliveries and immunization. This success presents it with an excellent opportunity to further reduce maternal and infant mortality by turning its attention to the serious problem of maternal undernutrition and low birthweight.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Its Implications in Dental Care

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
H. Inegbenosun ◽  
E. P. Ofiri ◽  
C. C. Azodo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
The Government

COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China a few months ago (December 2019) and had since become a major challenging public health problem for not only China but also many countries around the world. It was on March 11, 2020, characterized by WHO as a pandemic. The pandemic so far has killed more than 526,465 people and infected more than 11,046,917 people around the world as of 05 July 2020. Nigeria currently has 28,167 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 11,462 (40%) discharged, 16,071 (57%) currently receiving treatment at designated facilities across the country and unfortunately 634 (3%) deaths as at the time of writing this manuscript. As far as the authors are aware, there are little or no work carried out on the implications of COVID-19 on dental practices in Nigeria. Recently, COVID-19 was identified in saliva of infected patients and so transmission via aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures is sure. To limit exposure, there was a need to avoid scheduling patients except for emergency dental care during this outbreak. This limitation on activities of the dental sector has a very huge impact on the economy of the sector as it has already resulted in serious monetary implications for dental practices worldwide. While dental practices in the high-income countries are getting help from their respective Government, those in the middle and low-income countries like Nigeria have been left to wallow in bankruptcy without support. The authors highly recommend that the Government of these neglected countries, step up and support dental practices that are on the brink of closing down due to the low turnout of patients to their practice during this outbreak.

scholarly journals SERO PREVALENCE STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN GOATS IN HAMER AND BENATSEMAY WOREDAS OF SOUTH OMO, ETHIOPIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Seifu Lemma ◽  
Abeyenh Leza ◽  
Gimete Gercha ◽  
Alemayeh Radii
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
South Omo

Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease with worldwide importance and affects a number of animal species and human beings. Although brucellosis in domestic animals has controlled in most developed countries it remains an important public health problem in several parts of the world. But in developing countries brucellosis has both animal and public health importance (Walker, 1999; Radostitset al.,2000; Acha, and Szyfers, 2001; Tsolia et al.,2002).

scholarly journals Elder Abandonment in Mexico: Unattended public health problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Aura Cristina Gómez-Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Physical Consequences

Aging is occurring at a speed higher than that experienced historically by the developed countries. Older population will grow three times faster than the growth rate of the total population. The largest increases will happen in countries that do not now show the highest percentages of people over the age of 60, as in the case of Brazil, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. However, in countries like Honduras and Paraguay this population grows at higher rates with respect to other countries. Public health in Mexico and Latin America faces the challenge of reforming health systems in a way that they can face a double burden of disease, represented by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and their complications, in addition to the persistence of transferable infectious diseases and those associated with nutritional problems. For this reason, the perception of abandonment of the older adults, it is appropriate to define some concepts implicit in the sociodemographic characteristics that are reflected in the statistics of each Latin American country and especially in Mexico, because their population pyramid is increasing with this age-specific disease, generating that due to multiple economic and physical consequences, among others, abandonment becomes a consequence frequently neglected.

scholarly journals HOSPITAL MORBIDITY AND COLORECTAL CANCER MORTALITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH IN BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Garcia Souza DOMINGUEZ ◽  
Ana Luiza BIERRENBACH
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hospital Morbidity

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a serious public health problem and one of the most common cancer worldwide. Countries around the world have shown different trends. While incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer are on an upward trend in developing countries, these rates have been on a downward trend in most developed countries. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of morbimortality by colorectal cancer in Brazil between 2002 and 2016. METHODS: Descriptive, time series research. Data were extracted from the national information systems for hospitalizations and deaths of the respective years. RESULTS: There were increasing trends in hospital morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer in all regions of the country, with the very elderly individuals dying at a higher rate. Women (52.1%) were more affected than men, but death rates were higher for males aged 60 years or more. Regional disparities were evident, with almost 80% of deaths occurring in the South and Southeast, with the largest annual increase in the South and the lowest in the North. Regarding hospitalization, South and Southeast presented higher annual growths. CONCLUSION: These data add knowledge about the profile of public hospitalizations and deaths, reaffirming that colorectal cancer contributes to an important burden of disease and mortality in Brazil. These elements have implications for the review of colorectal cancer prevention and control strategies, as well as for public health investments.

scholarly journals Tobacco and risk of oral cancer: a case control study in a tertiary care centre of Dibrugarh district

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Angchuman Chetia ◽  
Rupali Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Control Study

Background: Oral cancer is a disease of antiquity. This chronic disease is a public health problem both in developing as well as developed countries and is among the top three cancers in India. In Assam, some aspects of traditional lifestyle and dietary habits are likely to contribute to the increasing cancer trend.Methods: The hospital-based case control study was undertaken in AMCH, Dibrugarh. Study subjects included were clinically and histopathologically confirmed new cases of oral cancer attending the hospital during the period of June 2018 to May 2019 and equal number of age and sex matched controls. The total sample size including both cases and controls was 116. A predesigned pretested schedule was used for collecting data.Results: Tobacco chewing was the strongest risk factor associated with oral cancer with odds ratio of chewers 6.13 (95% CI, 2.26-16.60). Statistically significant association was seen with duration, age at start, frequency of chewing and retaining tobacco quid overnight. The risk of developing oral cancer was 3.60 times higher (95% CI of (1.45-8.93)) among smokers compared to non-smokers.Conclusions: The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise. Due to the well-established role of lifestyle factors in the development of oral cancer, they should be considered an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality in India, and their prevention should be an important target of public health initiatives.

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine for Cervical Cancer Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Chowdhury Shamima Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

HPV infection is estimated to be responsible for about 5% of human cancers worldwide. Among all HPV-associated malignancies, cervical cancer is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Persistent HPV infection is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer with a prevalence of 99.7% in cervical cancer worldwide.At least 70% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18. HPV vaccination in combination with regular screening offers the most effective way for women to be protected against cervical cancer.The global burden of cervical cancer falls heaviest on the developing countries which haven’t introduced the HPV vaccine as part of their national public health strategy to prevent and control cervical cancer. Different studies showed a drop in the prevalence of HPV associated diseases in vaccinated populations. Sustained efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the bHPV vaccine were observed in the final analysis of a follow-up study up to 9.4 years postvaccination. Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. There has been little success with screening program against cervical cancer in Bangladesh. Therefore, a National HPV Vaccination Program seems to be the window of opportunity to reduce the mortality and morbidity of cervical cancer in Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(2): 123-131

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: a critical but neglected factor influencing school participation of Aboriginal children in rural Malaysia

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDULHAMID AHMED ◽  
HESHAM M. AL-MEKHLAFI ◽  
MOHAMMAD NURUL AZAM ◽  
INIT ITHOI ◽  
ABDULELAH H. AL-ADHROEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
School Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

SUMMARYSoil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), among the most common neglected tropical diseases, is a major public health problem in Malaysia with a possible impact on the nutritional status and school participation of rural children. This study was carried out among Aboriginal schoolchildren, living in an endemic area for STH in Malaysia, to determine the possible relationship between intestinal helminthiasis and school absenteeism. We also evaluated whether successful treatment of the infection will affect school attendance among the subjects. Stool analysis revealed that more than 90% of the subjects were infected with at least 1 helminth species, with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections being most prevalent. Infection of moderate-to-heavy worm burdens, low level of fathers' education and anaemia were identified as the significant predictors of high absenteeism among the subjects (P<0·05). Following treatment of the infected children, it was found that school absenteeism was reduced significantly (P<0·01). In conclusion, STH continues to have significant impacts on public health, particularly in rural communities with a negatively significant effect on the school participation of Aboriginal children. A school-based de-worming programme should be introduced and incorporated in the current educational assistance targeted towards the Aboriginal communities, under the auspices of the government.

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