Solar Refrigeration for Post-Harvest Storage of Agricultural Products

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-139
Author(s):  
Marek J. Bergander ◽  
Sarken D. Kapayeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
The World ◽  
Solar Refrigeration

The main objective of this chapter is the demonstration of the entire development process leading to prototype fabrication and commercialization of a new, ejector-based system for refrigeration that is environmentally clean and is powered by low quality heat, either solar or waste, without any need for electricity. In many rural areas throughout the world, the availability of fresh food is limited by lack of refrigerated warehousing facilities often due to limited access to electrical power. Authors are describing a new, ejector-based refrigeration system that 1) utilizes solar or waste heat (below 100°C temperature) as a main source of energy; 2) eliminates the mechanical compressor, which is a main user of electricity and the main contributor to maintenance and reliability issues in cooling systems; and 3) operates without any ozone depletion effects and any greenhouse gas emissions, when used with natural refrigerants. Such a technique contributes to protection of the ecosystem, conservation of energy, and broad application of alternative energy sources.

Use of alternative energy sources in protected agriculture

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pasternak ◽  
E. Rappeport
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Water Curtain ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

Low temperature energy sources for protected cropping include geothermal waters, waste heat from Industry, and trapped sunshine; application depends on the recovery of heat from circulating warmed water, either via the soil in which the plants are growing or via the air in the greenhouse. Soil warming pipes and ‘water-curtain’ systems of space-heating have shown promise, but heat storage, either for short periods or longer, remains a problem common to all such schemes.

Geopolitical Factors of U.S. Energy Security System Formation

2013 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
E. Telegina ◽  
M. Tadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
American Economy

According to judgemental forecasts, in the next few years the revolutionary changes in the energy complex both in the USA and in the world in general are hardly possible, considering the enormous inertia of the energetic system and high expenses coming from the infrastructure supersession, even in case of cost-effective alternatives to the existing energy commodities. At the same time, the sharpening of energy security problems resulting from the growth of a global demand on energy products leads to perceprion of necessity for a new approach to forming the global energy market, and to development of new stability and reliability strategies maintenance for assured supplies of energy products. In recent years, the USA as the biggest consumer of energy resources in the world worked out a new national strategy of energy security provision. Its main targets are: meeting the requirements of the American economy of its own resources, lowering the import-dependence level, high use of innovation technologies, significant increase of investments in alternative energy sources, as well as of resource-and energy-saving.

scholarly journals Ecotourism and Ecolodge Accommodation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Dragan Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Experience

In ecotourism, as a specific form of tourism, conscientious individuals and groups participate, who by its influence on nature are trying to reduce effects produced by so called mass tourism. Ecotourism product should be developed on the contemporary tourism trends, with full respect of local specificity which represent commitment in regard to competitive destinations. Existence of receptive factors, such as facilities for accommodation, nutrition, entertainment and recreation, represent one of the basic prerequisites for the development of any ecotourism destination. Ecotourists seek accommodation which is ecologically acceptable, modest but cozy at the same time and provides unique experience in natural surroundings. In accordance with these demands protected areas all around the world offer its visitors high quality Ecolodge facilities, which are fully submerged into nature. During their construction and management strict criteria of protection of the environment are followed with optimal waste and energy management. Montenegro has enviable spacious potential for this kind of accommodation in protected areas, especially in its five national parks, so this form of accommodation has to find its place in the future development of tourism. Designing and construction of ecotourism facilities has to be strategically planned and the fact, that it is not enough just to have attractive location but also specific content it has to offer, has to be respected. Ecolodge facilities should be designed and built in accordance with traditional architecture and surrounding materials, to influence as little as possible on the environment and to use alternative energy sources. In other words, it is necessary to provide sustainability of these facilities.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in the Development of Renewable Energy: the Experience of the EU and Leading Countries of the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
L.Hr. Melnyk ◽  
O.N. Derykolenko ◽  
Yu.O. Mazin ◽  
O.I. Matsenko ◽  
V.S. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Energy security and independence is one of the key points in sustainable development. In modern conditions of rapid growth and development of technologies, more and more attention is paid to finding practical solutions for environmentally friendly and inexpensive energy production. For a long time, scientists from various fields of scientific activity around the world have been engaged in the development and use of alternative energy sources. The share of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity around the world is growing steadily, which indicates an increase in the use of energy obtained from alternative sources, such as, for example, wind and sun. These trends testify to the desire of consumers to abandon the use of fossil energy sources and nuclear power plants as much as possible in order to ensure further sister development. Under the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for electricity worldwide has decreased, however, as the study shows, this pandemic has not affected the development of renewable energy. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries and leading countries of the world in this area. As a result, it was concluded that in modern conditions, to achieve sustainable development, transformation processes are needed in such an important area as energy. Various processes in the global economy, which contributed to the intensive development of alternative energy sources, served as a powerful impetus for such changes. Many countries have made significant progress in the development of renewable energy.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF BIOENERGY AS A PRIORITY DIRECTION OF GRAIN MARKET ACTIVATION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Natalia Pravdiuk ◽  
Valentyna Kazmir
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Priority Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Grain Market

The article examines the role and importance of bioenergetics as a priority area of the grain market activation, outlines its state and problems, identifies approaches of its development considering current challenges and demands. The need to develop bioenergetics is associated with the rapid growth of the production of grain and grain-legume crops, which generates additional challenges and problems. It is worth noting among these: intensification of competition in global markets; reduction of the world prices and, consequently, the decrease in export revenues; lack of capacity and warehouses for reliable storage and high-quality processing of grain and their obsolescence; low logistical capacity of domestic ports and railway transport; limited distribution channels; increasing unemployment in rural areas due to the application of modern innovative agricultural technologies with high productivity; low capacity of processing plants; deformation of traditional production chains. This research clarifies the role of bioenergetics as a priority area for activation of the grain market, outlines its state and problems, and identifies the approaches to its development considering current challenges and demands. The greatest threats to the implementation of plans concerning the development of biofuel technologies in Ukraine are the following: 1) steady tendency towards a decrease in energy prices on the world market is the risk of the unprofitability of biofuel technologies; 2) unstable tax legislation poses financial investment risks; 3) non-market prices for competing fuels for the population (in particular, electricity and gas) results in the lack of population’s incentive to turn to alternative energy sources; 4) lack of sufficient capacity to store the required volumes of guaranteed sources of raw materials; 5) shortcomings in effective mechanisms to stimulate renewable energy, etc. Elimination and overcoming of the above-mentioned barriers will intensify biomass involvement in country’s energy balance and contribute significantly to strengthening Ukraine’s energy independence. Thus, in the near future, it is necessary to solve all the problems that hinder bioenergy development, which intensifies the progress of the grain market and directly affects the energy independence of our country.

scholarly journals Experimental based determination of SCOP coefficient for ground-water heat pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Stanisław Anweiler ◽  
Maciej Masiukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Effective Use

The paper presents research related to the operation of an ground-source heat pump with a thermal output of 16.85 kW and an electrical power of 3.72 kW in various conditions, both from the mechanical and thermodynamic perspective. The publication contains the results of research on a selected heat pump model with an R410a refrigerant carried out in an accredited laboratory in the Czech Republic. Detailed analysis of the data in terms of changes in the COP coefficient for two heating water temperatures was carried out (35°C and 55°C) and in the range of outdoor air temperature from -10°C to 15°C every 1°C. The analysis was also carried out to determine the efficiency of the heat pump depending on the parameters of the heat source. Devices of this type, enabling effective use of environmental available thermal energy with low operating costs, meet increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. Significant costs of heating buildings are one of the main reasons for the need to look for alternative energy sources. The heat resources contained in water, air and land are huge. Due to the fact that heat pump prices dropped significantly, and their efficiency has increased over the last few years, these devices are a real competition for conventional ways of supplying buildings with heat. Heat pumps do not require daily maintenance, are fully automated and have intuitive control. These features allow to use them as components in the system of a modern and intelligent household. It was shown that the SCOP of the tested device increased by 1% on average reaching SCOP = 4.71 for a typical external calculation temperature and for a low-temperature heating system (35°C).

scholarly journals Alternative energy in Russia and Tatarstan: challenges and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05084
Author(s):  
Irek Salikhov ◽  
Vilora Avilova ◽  
Rashit Fazylov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The innovation in the energy sector involves the use of renewable resources and the transition to eco-energy, which requires a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for the economically sound choice when deciding on the energy strategy for each region. The use of alternative energy sources in Russia and the world is analyzed, which brings us to a conclusion that Russia is currently in an intermediate position in this area. Measures are proposed in orderd to strengthen the government support for Eco energy. It is held that the development of solar energy will play the largest role in the innovative development of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article is devoted to the problems of solar energy in Russia and Tatarstan respectively, as well as to the prospects for its development based on the proposed legislative, investment, financial and organizational solutions. The article provides a methodology for the comprehensive and effective adaptation of foreign experience in the field of alternative energy and a roadmap for the implementation.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Liutak ◽  
◽  
Larysa Savosh ◽  
Olena Baula ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
O. O. Dekhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Cost

Actuality of the problem. The article discusses the current level of use of alternative sources of electrical power in the world. The main areas of the global power development were determined, the statistical data of leading energy companies, analytical international organizations and financial institutions were analysed. For today, all civilized countries successfully switch to alternative energy sources: wind, solar energy, biofuels, etc. In addition, the use of solar energy is one of the most promising inexhaustible, renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources replaces the traditional one, based on extractive technologies polluting the atmosphere with harmful emissions, and enhances the greenhouse effect, reduces the burden on the resource base and energy systems of countries and improves the environment. Sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine and, in particular, irrigated agriculture requires a reduction in energy dependence. In the structure of the cost of irrigation water, a significant share accounts for electrical power. That is why to increase the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, to ensure high and sustainable yields in the context of climate change, it is extremely important to reduce the cost of power consumption. The need to use alternative energy sources in the drainage complex of Ukraine as part of the implementation of the energy strategy of Ukraine, aimed at the transition to fficient use and consumption of energy resources is highlighted. The Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation deals with the investigations of measures and technologies to improve power efficiency to reduce the specific energy consumption for pumping water by pumping stations and to reduce the rate of power losses for water intake and water transportation by water supply paths. One of the effective measures to reduce power cost is the use of alternative energy sources, in particular solar energy. The economic potential of the measures for improving energy efficiency in irrigation systems wass estimated. Conclusions. The estimation showed that the use of modules of solar power plants installed above the surface of open irrigation canals will lead to lower energy costs in the face of a constant increase in tariffs, that is, it will help to increase the economic efficiency of irrigation, reduce the share of water resources in national energy consumption and have a positive environmental effect. The sale of surplus power to the energy system at “green” tariffs can significantly reduce the payback period for the modernization of the engineering infrastructure of irrigation systems.

scholarly journals The impact of metal hydride material activation to storage percentage of hydrogen in this material

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Lubica Bednarova ◽  
Tomáš Brestovič ◽  
Natália Jasmisnká ◽  
Marián Lázár ◽  
Romana Dobáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Currently, a lot of focus is dedicated to metal hydride alloy and options of their utilization. Mankind must solve energy problems due to constant population growth and use of non-renewable energy sources. The World resources of oil are limited and therefore the mankind must start utilizing the alternative energy sources for example hydrogen. Its known that the hydrogen can be stored by metal hydride alloys what it represents the safety way of storage with absence high pressure and temperature. The process by produce of the alloy with good absorption properties the research does not end. Some alloy absorbs the hydrogen after they produce immediately, however a lot of them need the activation for improvement or starting absorption process. Process of activation is very important for achieving the maximum capacity at moderate temperature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document