Bioethanol Production From High Sugary Corn Genotypes by Decreasing Enzyme Consumption

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Zabed
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The University ◽  
Expected Outcomes

This is a PhD proposal defended in a 2012-2013 session at the Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia. The proposal has been written in accordance with the requirements of the university under the sub-headings: background, problem statement, rationale, hypothesis and research questions, research objectives, literature review, methodology, scope, expected outcomes and concluding remarks, work schedule, and references. This proposal provides a comprehensive study on bioethanol production from corn. First, it discusses development and field experiments of high sugary genotypes (HSGs). Secondly, it provides a comparative evaluation of enzyme consumptions and ethanol production between normal and HSG corn genotypes. Finally, this proposal provides evaluation of the co-product quality for both groups of genotypes. The readers who are interested to conduct any further study on corn-based bioethanol would be benefited from this proposal.

In Their Own Words: Susan Stafford

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
James M Verdier
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
American Institute ◽  
The University

Abstract In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields, particularly within the biological sciences. These short oral histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. Each month, we will publish in the pages of BioScience and in our podcast, BioScience Talks (http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com), the results of these conversations. This fourth oral history is with Dr. Susan Stafford, professor and dean emerita at the University of Minnesota. She previously served as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.

scholarly journals The Use of Interpreters in Medical Education: A Narrative Literature Review

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Costas S. Constantinou ◽  
Andrew Timothy Ng ◽  
Chase Beverley Becker ◽  
Parmida Enayati Zadeh ◽  
Alexia Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

This paper presents the results of a narrative literature review on the use of interpreters in medical education. A careful search strategy was based on keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria, and used the databases PubMed, Medline Ovid, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINAHL, and EBSCO. The search strategy resulted in 20 articles, which reflected the research aim and were reviewed on the basis of an interpretive approach. They were then critically appraised in accordance with the “critical assessment skills programme” guidelines. Results showed that the use of interpreters in medical education as part of the curriculum is scarce, but students have been trained in how to work with interpreters when interviewing patients to fully develop their skills. The study highlights the importance of integrating the use of interpreters in medical curricula, proposes a framework for achieving this, and suggests pertinent research questions for enriching cultural competence.

Equality and Equity in Chinese Higher Education in the Post-massification Era: An Analysis Based on Chinese Scholarly Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Qiang Zha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper examines several research questions relating to equality and equity in Chinese higher education via an extended literature review, which in turn sheds light on evolving scholarly explorations into this theme. First, in the post-massification era, has the Chinese situation of equality and equity in higher education improved or deteriorated since the late 1990s? Second, what are the core issues with respect to equality and equity in Chinese higher education? Third, how have those core issues evolved or changed over time and what does the evolution indicate and entail? Methodologically, this paper uses a bibliometric analysis to detect the topical hotspots in scholarly literature and their changes over time. The study then investigates each of those topical terrains against their temporal contexts in order to gain insights into the core issues.

Lateral coefficient of friction for characterizing winter road conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Salimi ◽  
Somayeh Nassiri ◽  
Alireza Bayat ◽  
Don Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Test Road ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
The University

Real Time Traction Tool (RT3)-Curve was used in this study to evaluate the effect of ice and snow on tire–road lateral friction coefficient, herein referred to as the Halliday Friction Number (HFN). The field experiments for the study were performed in winter 2012–2013 on the University of Alberta’s test road facility in Edmonton, Alberta. Each run was repeated at three target speeds under varied road conditions, bare dry, dry with ice patches, ice, and three levels of snow accumulation. No considerable correlation was found between vehicle speed and the friction measurements for bare dry, ice- and snow-covered conditions. Expectedly, the bare dry asphalt concrete surface had the highest HFN, the presence of ice reduced the dry surface friction by 55%. The accumulation of snow on the dry surface reduced the HFN further than ice, by 69, 75, and 81% for light, moderate, and heavy snow, respectively. A falling trend was observed for friction as more snow accumulated on the ground. Analysis of the effect of number of truck passes over ice at −3.5 and −5 °C showed that ice can become more slippery after each pass of traffic. A similar analysis for snow revealed that more passes over moderate snow will compact the fresh snow into a slippery surface. For light snow, even at low temperatures (<−10 °C), passes of traffic will melt the snow through frictional heat and result in higher friction values.

E-voting adoption in many countries: A literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110405
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Research Questions

Although the number of countries that have adopted e-voting has decreased lately, the number of academic publications on e-voting adoption has increased in the last two years. To date, there is no coherent narrative in the existing literature that explains the progress of the research on e-voting adoption. This article aims to answer the following research question: “How has research on the topic of e-voting adoption progressed over the last 15 years?” The article provides a semi-systematic review of 78 studies that were conducted from 2005 to 2020. In this article, I argue that although the studies on e-voting adoption are dominated by a single case study, by research in the United States, and by the positivist paradigm, scholars have employed the term “e-voting adoption” diversely and the research on e-voting adoption has evolved to address more specific research questions. Recommendations for the future agenda of research on e-voting adoption are also discussed.

Quality assurance systems: enemies or allies of innovation in higher education institutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferreira de Mello Silva ◽  
Eduardo Raupp de Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
University Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation In Higher Education

Purpose This study aims to examine the extant literature to analyze the relationship between quality assurance (QA) and innovation in the higher education context. Design/methodology/approach This study selected 63 articles through a systematic literature review in Scopus and Web of Science databases and performed a descriptive and thematic synthesis-analysis on the sample. Findings The research identifies several perspectives discussed on QA systems covering experiences, criticisms and practice implications. The literature review shows there is no clear consensus on whether innovation in higher education institutions (HEIs) is fostered or hindered by QA processes. However, it seems that the likelihood of innovativeness and positive QA outcomes are directly linked to how these processes are managed in universities. Research limitations/implications This review highlights the university management concerns that emerge with QA issues as it is not yet clear to what extent innovation is actually promoted in scenarios where QA is applied. Hence, this literature review could be considered comprehensive but not exhaustive. Further studies are recommended to improve the understanding of how HEIs can both innovate and ensure quality at the same time. Originality/value The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by advancing the opportunities and challenges that HEIs face due to QA system features.

scholarly journals Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and Attitudes towards Its Integration into Teaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Ukeme Ekpedeme Umoh ◽  
Etuk Nssien Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The University

<p class="apa">The study examined ‘Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and attitudes towards its Integration into Teaching. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 17,618 undergraduate students enrolled into full time degree programmes in the University of Uyo for 2014/2015 academic session. The design of the study was survey design with ex-post facto approach. Random sampling technique was used to select 1730 students from the 12 faculties in the University. The instrument used for the study was ‘Students’ Social Networking and Attitude Questionnaire which was validated by an expert in curriculum studies and an expert in measurement and evaluation in the University of Uyo. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistical method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of .70 for the instrument. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer research questions; Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is significant difference in involvement of university undergraduate students in Social Networking based on course of study, level (year) of study and age. Female undergraduate students’ involvement in social networking is higher than that of their male counterparts; but male undergraduate students showed a higher positive attitude towards integration of social networking into teaching and learning.</p>

Application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-137
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Georgieva-Trifonova ◽  
Kaloyan Zdravkov ◽  
Donika Valcheva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Technologies ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Questions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of the existing research on the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases by providing answers to a set of research questions resulting from a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach The present study consists of conducting a systematic literature review of research works related to the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases. A manual keyword search is performed in known academic databases. As a result, a total of 78 literature sources are identified as related to the topic and included in the review. From the selected literature sources, information is extracted, which is then summarized and analyzed according to previously defined research questions and finally reported. Besides, a framework is defined to classify literature sources found and collected as a result of the study. The main criteria, according to which the classification is performed, are the used semantic technology and the research problem for which semantic technologies are applied in bibliographic databases. The classification of the publications is verified by each author independently of others. Findings The conducted systematic scientific review establishes that the evolution of semantic technologies sets a period of increased interest in the researchers, as a result of which the advantages of using them for bibliographic descriptions are examined and practically confirmed. After defining semantic models for bibliographic descriptions and approaches to transform existing bibliographic data into their correspondence, the research interest is directed at their comparison, collation; enrichment to facilitate search and retrieval of useful information. Possible perspectives for future research are outlined, which mainly relate to the complete use of the created data sets and their transformation into knowledge repositories. Originality/value Despite the increasing importance of the semantic technologies in various areas, including the bibliographic databases, there is a lack of comprehensive literature review and classification of literature sources relevant to this topic. The detailed study proposed in the present paper supports introducing with the existing experience in the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases, as well as facilitates the discovery of trends and guidelines for future research.

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