Reducing the Costs of Doing Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Souad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Information ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Cost

One of management objectives when dealing with Web services (or related Internet strategies) is to cut business costs. Information systems (IS) literature has to date focussed primarily on research related to direct costs, that is, costs that occur in IS budgets (Bannister & Remenyi, 1999). IS research into strategic planning on the other hand has underestimated the expenditure of hidden costs as part of the adoption of new information technology systems within organisations. One of the difficulties regularly faced by IS investment planners is the identification, and thus management of, hidden indirect costs, for example, human indirect costs (Mohamed & Irani, 2002). This chapter addresses the increasing need to identify the “critical indirect human costs” associated with IS adoption as a fundamental part of the cost estimation of strategic planning when adopting IS. The research adopts an indirect human cost taxonomy proposed by Mohamed, Irani, and Baldwin (2002) associated with management, employee, finance, and maintenance divisions of an organisation.

The Economic Cost of Suicide in Ireland

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. Objective: To calculate the costs of suicide in Ireland. Method: The paper identifies all episodes of suicide in Ireland in 2001 and 2002, and projects the economic costs arising from these episodes over subsequent years. All prices have been converted to 2001 euros. Both direct and indirect costs were calculated. Indirect costs included both the cost of lost output and human costs. Results: The total cost of suicide is estimated at over Euro 906 million in 2001, and over Euro 835 million in 2002 (in 2001 prices). This is equivalent to a little under 1% of the gross national product in Ireland for those years. Conclusions: The results show that investment in health education and health promotion can be justified on the basis of the costs associated with suicide in Ireland. These costs fall on individuals, families, and society. The huge human cost of suffering associated with suicide can also be prevented through appropriate intervention to prevent death occurring. It is important that any suicide prevention strategy should include an evaluative framework to ensure that investment occurs in the areas most likely to generate the highest returns in term of suicides prevented and lives saved.

Impact of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) from the perspective of the Canadian beef producer

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Jim
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe costs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) to the beef producer can be estimated by identifying and summing the direct and indirect costs associated with the disease. The major direct costs are attributable to the cost of the feeder, production costs and carcass disposal. The indirect costs are mainly associated with infrastructure and labour.

scholarly journals Cost-utility of brief psychological treatment for depression and anxiety

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona Hakkaart-Van Roijen ◽  
Annemieke Van Straten ◽  
Maiwenn Al ◽  
Frans Rutten ◽  
Marianne Donker
Keyword(s):  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundThe cost-utility of brief therapy compared with cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and care as usual in the treatment of depression and anxiety has not yet been determined.AimsTo assess the cost-utility of brief therapy compared with CBT and care as usual.MethodA pragmatic randomised controlled trial involving 702 patients was conducted at 7 Dutch mental healthcare centres (MHCs). Patients were interviewed at baseline and then every 3 months over a period of 1.5 years, during which time data were collected on direct costs, indirect costs and quality of life.ResultsThe mean direct costs of treatment at the MHCs were significantly lower for brief therapy than for CBT and care as usual. However, after factoring in other healthcare costs and indirect costs, no significant differences between the treatment groups could be detected. We found no significant differences in quality-adjusted life-years between the groups.ConclusionsCost-utility did not differ significantly between the three treatment groups.

The economic cost of schizophrenia in Ireland: a cost of illness study

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caragh Behan ◽  
Brendan Kennelly ◽  
Eadbhard O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

AbstractObjectives: Although there are many published reports about the human cost of schizophrenia, there are far fewer estimates of its economic cost, particularly in Ireland. The aim of this study was to provide a prevalence-based estimate of the costs associated with schizophrenia in Ireland during 2006.Method: Using standard Cost of Illness (COI) procedures we compiled data from many sources including the Health Research Board, the Department of Health and Children and other government publications. Costs relating to health and social care, informal care, lost productivity, premature mortality and other public expenditures were included. Where national data were unavailable, we used bottom-up data from a geographically defined catchment area study and, in some instances, costs from two catchment areas were averaged. We did not measure human or intangible costs.Results: The estimated total cost of schizophrenia was €460.6 million in 2006. The direct cost of care was €117.5 million and the burden of indirect costs was €343 million. The cost of lost productivity due to unemployment, absence from work and premature mortality was €277 million. Within indirect costs, the expenditure on informal care borne by families was €43.8 million.Conclusions: Schizophrenia is not a very common condition but is an expensive one. This is attributable to its young age at onset, relatively low mortality rate and high severity particularly in terms of its impact on future employment. Measures to improve outcomes coupled with measures to improve employment such as supported employment strategies may impact significantly on the cost of schizophrenia. The study is limited because the national unit costs of many variables are not directly available and these Irish data are likely to be an underestimate. However, the results are comparable with a 2005 cost of illness study UK study.

The economic burden of depression in Sweden from 1997 to 2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Sobocki ◽  
Ingrid Lekander ◽  
Fredrik Borgström ◽  
Oskar Ström ◽  
Bo Runeson
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
The Cost

AbstractBackgroundDepression is one of the most common causes of disability and is associated with substantial reductions in the individual's quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of depression to Swedish society from 1997 to 2005.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in a cost-of-illness framework, measuring both the direct cost of providing health care to depressive patients, and the indirect costs as the value of production that is lost due to morbidity or mortality. The costs were estimated by a prevalence and top-down approach.ResultsThe cost of depression increased from a total of €1.7 billion in 1997 to €3.5 billion in 2005, representing a doubling of the burden of depression to society. The main reason for the cost increase is found in the significant increase in indirect costs due to sick leave and early retirement during the past decade, whereas direct costs were relatively stable over time. In 2005, indirect costs were estimated at €3 billion (86% of total costs) and direct costs at €500 million (16%). Cost of drugs was estimated at €100 million (3% of total cost).ConclusionThe cost of depression is substantial to society and the main cost driver is indirect costs due to sick leave and early retirement. The cost of depression has doubled during the past eight years making it a major public health concern for the individuals afflicted, carers and decision makers.

scholarly journals AB0486 ONE-YEAR DIRECT COSTS OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND ITS PREDICTIVE FACTORS: DATA FROM THE MOROCCAN RBSMR REGISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1270.3-1270
Author(s):  
S. Bahloul ◽  
H. Rkain ◽  
S. Fellous ◽  
S. Ahid ◽  
R. Abouqal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tnf Blockers ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Background:NAObjectives:To estimate the annual direct costs of biological therapies in Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) and to establish possible factors associated with those costs.Methods:The main data source was the Moroccan registry of biological therapies in rheumatic diseases (RBSMR). We included SpA patients with available 1-year data. Variables related to socioeconomic status, disease and biological therapy were collected. Differences in costs across groups were tested by Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Correlations analysis was performed in search of factors associated with high costs.Results:We included 89 SpA patients. The mean age was 40.6± 13.6 years, with male predominance 68.9 %. Patients received one of the following therapies: TNF-blockers (n =79), Biosimilar of TNF-blockers (n =8) and Il17-blockers (n =2). Median one-year biologic costs per patient were 9 569, 39 €. The total annual of biotherapies in AS patients was 851 675, 98 €.Figure 1Annual mean drug costs per treated patient (€: Euro)The costs are presented in Euro using an exchange rate of (1 Moroccan Dirham = 0.091Euro).TNF-blockers constituted 95 % of the total annual budget. Biosimilar of TNF-blockers and Il17-blockers represented 3 % and 2 % of this overall budget, respectively.Although the costs were not significantly different in terms of gender or level of study, the insurance type significantly affected the cost estimation.No correlation was found between the annual direct costs of biotherapies and body mass index nor with BASFI or BASDAI.Conclusion:In Morocco, a developing country, the annual direct costs of biological therapies are high in AS patients. Our results may contribute to the development of strategies for better governance of these costs.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Pharmacoeconomic aspects of bronchial asthma therapy: real clinical practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Belevsky ◽  
A. A. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Alternative Drug ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Cost

According to official statistics, over 1.5 million people have BA in the Russian Federation. Direct costs associated with the treatment of BA in the Russian Federation amount to 8.5 billion rubles. The socioeconomic burden of BA put on society, along with temporary and permanent disability, is caused by not only direct, but also indirect costs, as well as costs associated with payments for temporary disability, which leads to a decrease in GDP and GRP (internal gross regional product). The pharmacoeconomic comparison of two alternative drug technologies in the studied groups showed a reasonable opportunity to transfer patients to the drugs that have alternatives produced within the country, confirming that the cost per efficiency unit in using Formisonide-Native and SalticasoneNative is lower than that of drugs produced by a foreign pharmaceutical company (Symbicort Turbuhaler and Seretide Multidisk)

scholarly journals Costs of nursing procedures/interventions: an integrative literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Buck de Oliveira Ruiz ◽  
Caroline Rife Nobrega ◽  
Cínthia Prates Vigna ◽  
Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the scientific production of nurses regarding the costs of procedures/interventions performed by nursing professionals. Methods: integrative literature review with a sample of 17 primary articles selected from the CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE databases and the PubMed portal. Results: all studies were conducted in hospitals, with quantitative, exploratory-descriptive studies, considering the case study method, with the description of costs method adopted, and the number of Brazilian publications stood out (12; 70.58%). The calculation of direct costs was most common due to the absence/difficulty of accessing information in the studied hospitals. This made it impossible to obtain the indirect costs that would be necessary for the composition of the total cost. Conclusions: it was shown that studies about the cost of procedures/interventions are still scarce, often covering only the calculation of direct costs. Nurses need to develop studies on such costs using the same methodology in different contexts of health care.

scholarly journals Understanding the direct and indirect costs of patients with schizophrenia

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tajima-Pozo ◽  
María Jesús de Castro Oller ◽  
Adrian Lewczuk ◽  
Francisco Montañes-Rada
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Background: Schizophrenia is a disabling mental disorder with high prevalence and that usually  requires long-term follow-up and expensive lifelong treatment. The cost of schizophrenia treatment consumes a significant amount of the health services' budget in western countries.Objective: The aim of the study was to find out about the costs related to schizophrenia across different european countries and compare them.Results: Schizophrenia treatment costs an estimated 18 billion euros annually worldwide. The direct costs associated with medical help are only part of the total expenditure. The indirect costs are an equally (or even more)important part of the total cost. These expenses are related to the lack of productivity of schizophrenic patients and the cost that relatives have to bear as a result of taking care of their affected relatives.Conclusions: Although data on the cost of schizophrenia may vary slightly between different european countries, the general conclusion that can be drawn is that schizophrenia is a very costly disorder. Not only because of direct costs related to medical procedures, but also due to the non-medical (indirect) costs. Together this suggests the need to investigate cost-efficient strategies that could provide a better outcome for schizophrenic patients, as well as the people who care for them.

scholarly journals A Review of Measures of Aggregate Mental Health Costs in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Jacobs ◽  
Francine Knoops ◽  
Alain Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Mental Health Costs ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Cost Components

Since 2000, 5 studies have been published that each purported to estimate aggregate national mental health costs in Canada. Each of these studies used a different method. Our aim was to compare the studies, and we created a framework for the different elements used to assess mental health costs (direct costs, indirect costs, transfer payments, and “human” costs). In addition, each study used different parameters (population covered, diagnosis) and cost components to estimate the economic impact of mental health. Our framework can help analysts to understand the purpose of different cost components. We conclude that to achieve a consensus on the magnitude of mental health costs, we need to use more standardized approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document