Artificial Science

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Classical Propositional Logic ◽  
Distributed Problem Solving ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

Science is important, not only in the knowledge it gives us, but also as an example of effective distributed problem solving that results in complex and compound solutions. This chapter presents a model of some of the social interactions in science, namely those between the body of published knowledge and the scientists’ individual knowledge. The structure of knowledge is modelled by a formal Hilbert system for a classical propositional logic. Individuals have limited selections of the total knowledge available which they use to derive new knowledge, which they may submit to the central journal to be published. This model shows how difficult it is to achieve the accumulation of knowledge as in science and also that publishing more does not necessarily lead to more important knowledge being discovered.

Disconnect: A case study of short-term voluntary mobile phone non-use

First Monday ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Kyong Lee ◽  
James E. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
The Social ◽  
Flow Of Time

A group of young adults were observed and interviewed as they spent a weekend without access to the mobile phone and Internet. Thirty-seven students participated in a program, entitled “unplugged weekend.” How they experienced the social interactions and flow of time without the usual interruption by mobile communication was the main point of examination. Contrary to our expectations, the 48-hour period of disconnection was judged to be a unique, entertaining, and satisfactory experience for most participants. Using humor, establishing common grounds, and uses of the body were three main characteristics of co-present social interactions observed during the trip. There were “dual” perceptions of time flow: Some reported that time slowed down whereas others reported that time flew rather quickly throughout the weekend. Overall, many participants rediscovered the value of co-present embodied interactions by sharing various activities while giving undivided attention to one another.

Gems, Cameos, and Social Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 357-383
Author(s):  
Jörn Lang
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Protection

This chapter focuses on the social practice of Roman images in the form of engraved gems and cameos. They were carried along on the body of their owner, so that the way they were perceived was highly flexible. The function of the representations was thus not limited to spatially fixed contexts of perception and could potentially function in all social configurations in which their wearer interacted socially. This essay aims to consider gems and cameos as objects within social spheres of activity. The starting point is the use of the objects. This makes it possible at least to limit the social interactions into which the images were integrated. Following upon this functional approach and an overview of common pictorial motifs, examples of possible ways these representations were concretely integrated to social practices will be shown. To this end, both outwardly directed functions such as social status or affiliation with a social group as well as actor-oriented aspects such as personal commemoration or the desire for individual protection are considered.

scholarly journals Don't Stand So Close to Me: The Effect of Auditory Input on Interpersonal Space

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6317 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Lloyd ◽  
Anna Coates ◽  
Jasmin Knopp ◽  
Sarah Oram ◽  
Samantha Rowbotham
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Interpersonal Space

We provide preliminary evidence that listening to music through headphones alters the perception of space around the body—specifically, the interpersonal distance maintained between the self and others. In comparison to an external auditory environment, wearing headphones or earplugs increased the amount of space maintained between the wearer and another person during an active approach paradigm. This finding suggests that, when external cues to spatial location (such as sound) are removed, people compensate by increasing the distance between themselves and others. The implications of this research for navigating busy urban environments and for the social interactions of wearers of personal music systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Re-Created Radio Dramas as Innovative Knowledge Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barber
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Social Development ◽  
New Literacies ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Environment ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
Original Production

Background  The author describes his efforts to re-create vintage radio dramas as participatory knowledge environments in which to explore both their context and original production, and to provide engaging listening opportunities for sound, the most ephemeral of all media.Analysis  These efforts promote new knowledge environments for outreach, creative problem solving, rapid prototyping, and the social development of new literacies and skills.Conclusion and implications Because it is an intensely active experience, listening to sound and engaging directly with the imagination can promote direct listener involvement/engagement in a (re)new(ed) knowledge environment with increased opportunities for pedagogy and scholarship.

Enhancing the Physical and Social Self through Recreational Activity: Accounts of Individuals with Physical Disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Blinde ◽  
Lisa R. McClung
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

The impact of participation in recreational activities on perceptions of the physical and social selves of individuals with physical disabilities was explored. Eleven women (ages 19 to 54) and 12 men (ages 20 to 36) participated in individualized recreational programs including horseback riding, swimming, fitness, weightlifting, racquetball, bowling, tennis, fishing, walking, and tai chi. Tape-recorded interviews were conducted with these individuals following participation. Content analyses of the interview responses indicated that participation impacted four aspects of the physical self: (a) experiencing the body in new ways, (b) enhancing perceptions of physical attributes, (c) redefining physical capabilities, and (d) increasing perceived confidence to pursue new physical activities. Modifications in respondents’ perceptions of the social self were reflected in two themes: (a) expanding social interactions and experiences, and (b) initiating social activities in other contexts. The gains discussed by respondents suggest that individuals developed an enhanced sense of control in both their physical and social lives.

Fictions of the Human Right to Health: Writing Against the Postcolonial Exotic in Western Medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social

The last decade has witnessed far greater attention to the social determinants of health in health research, but literary studies have yet to address, in a sustained way, how narratives addressing issues of health across postcolonial cultural divides depict the meeting – or non-meeting – of radically differing conceptualisations of wellness and disease. This chapter explores representations of illness in which Western narrators and notions of the body are juxtaposed with conceptualisations of health and wellness entirely foreign to them, embedded as the former are in assumptions about Cartesian duality and the superiority of scientific method – itself often conceived of as floating (mysteriously) free from its own processes of enculturation and their attendant limits. In this respect my work joins Volker Scheid’s, in this volume, in using the capacity of critical medical humanities to reassert the cultural specificity of what we have come to know as contemporary biomedicine, often assumed to be

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

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