Conversion of Waste Into Different By-Products of Economic Value in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani ◽  
Ashaq Ahmad Dar ◽  
Azad Gull ◽  
Lutfah Ariana
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
By Products

The management of solid waste has become a major problem even in rural areas of India, due to shrinkage of agricultural land and depletion of forest areas. During the recent past, people in rural areas were decomposing the waste, and finally, it was used as a manure in their agricultural areas. However, the trend is completely changing the Indian scenario of converting the backyard waste into manure. Now with the help of scientific knowledge, the waste is utilized as an energy resource, and waste from the rural areas is considered a raw material for this process. Different technologies in India are available to convert waste into energy apart from the technologies that have impact on the environment.

scholarly journals PRODUK SAMPING TANAMAN UBIKAYU SEBAGAI POTENSI BIOEKONOMI UNTUK PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Fahrur Rozi ◽  
Quartina Pudjiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
By Products

Potential and opportunities for cassava development are still very broad along with development of companies in livestock, processed food, and other industries. Added value of cassava commodities resulting from development of downstream industries (processed products) is far higher than upstream industries (primary products), so that development paradigm in agriculture sector in future should be directed towards product expansion including its waste. This study aims to examine the economic value of cassava as a future crop from direct as well as by-products and their development strategies. Data was collected from small-scale tapioca flour farmers, ranchers and entrepreneurs. SWOT analysis was used to determine relevant development strategies. Analysis shows that cassava has an potential, especially as a raw material for food and feed industry. In short term, developing cassava strategy as an industrial raw material is to use new technologies i.e. varieties and cultivation techniques for planting arrangements. Cassava potential economic value is relatively high in terms of farming aspects, food raw materials, feed and industry. This potential, apart from main product, is also by-product that has been neglected at 29.7% of cassava main value. By-products potensial has not been used optimally and a bioeconomic value of biomass that can support integrated agriculture in the future.

scholarly journals The Effects of Defective Spatial Structure on the Agricultural Property Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
Anna Bielska ◽  
Tomasz Budzyński ◽  
Wioleta Krupowicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Rural areas in Poland are distinguished by one of the worst spatial structures of individual land properties in the European Union. The least favourable structure occurs in the southern and south-eastern part of the country, where it results in farms losing 20-30% of their agricultural revenue. The bad spatial organisation of land is also reflected in transaction prices obtained for agricultural land. Considering criteria such as: land management, parcel area, width, and elongation (length to width ratio), and soil bonitation value, this paper determines the effect of each of the criteria separately on the development of transaction prices of agricultural land in the years 2009-2014 in selected villages in the southern part of the Cegłów (Mińsk district, Mazowieckie province), distinguished by the unfavourable spatial structure of agricultural land. Meeting this objective involved the application of the analytical capacity of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), cadastral data base, soil-agricultural map vector, study of the conditions and directions of the spatial management of the Cegłów area, and the property price and value register. The obtained study results suggest that in areas with particularly defective spatial structure, land with parameters permitting its efficient use, i.e. with proper width and elongation is particularly valuable. Another parameter determining the level of obtained prices is the bonitation value, although it is of less importance for the analysed area than for agricultural areas with proper management conditions.

scholarly journals Modeling the relationship between the characteristics of agricultural holdings and the presence of organic farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (52) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić ◽  
Desimir Knežević ◽  
Vesna Paraušić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Livestock Density ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intensive Growth

Organic farming is a fast growing market segment in the global food industry. Ecological and health benefits of organic farming are frequently emphasized. In addition, we have recently witnessed the promotion of its role in the development of rural areas by means of creating jobs and strengthening ties with local economies. This paper analyzes the relationship between the presence of organic farming and the main characteristics of agricultural holdings in the case of European Union countries. The objective is to identify factors which have a significant relationship with the organic farming sector and which can affect its future development. The results have shown that large farms are dominant in farm land management in the EU, which is related to the fact that there is a significant correlation between the availability of agricultural areas and the economic value of farms (r = 0.881**). There is a positive and significant correlation between the economic value of a holding and the number of livestock units on the farm (r = 0.940**), which indicates that animal husbandry has strong economic potential. When it comes to the relationships between the structural and economic indicators of agricultural holdings and the presence of organic farming, the results have shown that the number of organic producers is positively and significantly correlated with the available agricultural areas (r = 0.675**), and a strongly positively correlated with the economic value of farms (r = 0.810**). The areas under organic farming are also directly correlated with the utilized agricultural area (r = 0.836**), as well as with the number of livestock units (r = 0.793**), but they are slightly negatively correlated with livestock density (r = -0.211). Therefore, high livestock density can be a limiting factor for the further intensive growth of organic farming areas, considering the significant impact of animal husbandry on the environment.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE COLLECTION AND RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTE CASE STUDY: RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTE IN HULENE KA-MAHOTA DISTRICT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel ElijaGuamba ◽  
Arnaldo AmericoTembe
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Selective Collection

The waste collected daily from household and businesses entities can be utilized for various objectives, serving as raw material for business and other most appropriate purposes. You can, for example, recycle plastic, produce compost and energy, recovering the economic value of such waste. Waste  recycling generates jobs and income, reduces the amount of natural resources needed for a new product  and also decreases the need to occupy (and pollute) space to deposit materials that have served only once their socio-economic function. And what you can't recycle always has another proper disposal, as a principle which is basic in the concept of sustainable development: Do not transfer the solution of the problem for future generations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the panorama of the selective collection of household waste from the case study of plastic recycling in the neighborhood of Hulene Dump side, at municipality of Maputo. The methodology used in this research was the bibliographical and documentary analysis, as well as semi-structured qualitative interviews with: representative of Municipal Department of Waste Management, Health and Water Supply in the Maputo municipality; administrative coordinators of four organizations studied (RECICLA and FERTILIZA cooperatives, AMOR and PAGALATA associations). Additionally, technical visits were carried out with written and photographic records, interviews to members of the RECICLA cooperative.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PUPUK SAMPAH KOTA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS BAWANG MERAH DENGAN TEKNIK VERTIKULTUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Technological and industrial advancements and the rapid increase in population, gradually changing the function of agricultural land into housing and industrial complexes. Overcoming the reduction of agricultural land, efforts made by farming vertically or verticulture methods.Shallots are an important vegetable commodity for the community, because of their high economic value and nutritional content. To reduce imports, it is necessary to increase production and quality of shallots through intensification and extensification. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the composition of the growing media, the effect of the dose of organic fertilizer in municipal waste, and its interaction with the productivity of shallots with verticulture cultivation techniques.The study was conducted in the experimental area of ​​the Faculty of Agriculture, UNTAG Banyuwangi, using Kooi's house, using a factorial completely randomized design (RAL) method with four replications consisting of two factors: the composition of the growing media and the dose of municipal waste fertilizer.Growth media composition factor (M) consists of 3 treatments, namely: M1 = soil: sand: husk (2: 1: 1); M2 = soil: sand: stem of fern (2: 1: 1); and M3 = soil: sand: cocopeat (2: 1: 1). The composition of municipal solid waste (P) consists of 3 treatments, namely: P1 = composition of municipal solid waste organic fertilizer 25%; P2 = composition of city organic waste 50%; and P3 = composition of urban organic waste 75%. Observation parameters in this study were Plant Height (cm), Number of Leaves, Wet Weight (grams), Number of Tubers, and Tuber Diameter (cm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Symmetry of Statistical Methods Applied for the Identification of Agricultural Areas

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Justyna Wójcik-Leń ◽  
Przemysław Leń
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The main priorities of the common agricultural policies of the European Union (EU) are improvement of the quality of life in rural areas for their inhabitants as well as the optimum utilisation of rural resources. The most efficient tools to improve the management conditions and utilise the potential of land are land consolidation works aimed at creating more favourable management conditions in agriculture and forestry through improving the territorial structure of farms, forests and forestland; the reasonable configuration of land, aligning the limits of real properties with the system of irrigation; and drainage facilities, roads and terrain. The development of agriculture in Poland and its production capacity are considerably differentiated in terms of space. At present, Poland has agricultural areas which, in many respects, have a chance of competing with agriculture in the other member states of the European Union. However, in some areas, agricultural production run by private farms owned by individuals is on the verge of falling below the limit of profitability or falls below the limit of profitability. Currently, Poland lacks tools (strategies) allowing identification of land for intensive agricultural production as well as information about agricultural land that should be developed for non-agricultural purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology for identifying similar areas using available tools that can facilitate reliable identification of the areas relating to the indicated factors. Taxonomic methods can be used for clustering purposes. The study materials are data derived from real property register databases referring to one of the districts (poviats) situated in east-central Poland. As a final result, a method of clustering villages according to similar land-use categories was developed. It was created using two independent statistical methods: Ward’s method and the complete-linkage method. The highest consistency was observed in two groups of identified types of areas sharing very similar characteristics. A high index of similarity of both methods—the so-called Rand index—testified to the reliability of the results of calculations. The results of clustering corresponded to a large extent to actual features defining the use of land in the analysed villages as well as the terrain relief.

scholarly journals Available agricultural areas and ownership structure of holdings in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-305
Author(s):  
Nada Trivić
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Rural Policy

The subject of research in this paper is the analysis and presentation of data on agricultural holdings, the structure of available and utilized area. The main goal is to determine and explain more comprehensively and in detail, by using appropriate methods, and based on available data, the condition of utilized agricultural area and its characteristics by utilization categories and ownership structure of holdings. The importance of this research arises from the fact that the results on utilized agricultural area can be used to adopt appropriate measures and undertake certain activities in land and overall agricultural and rural policy related to sustainable utilization, arrangement and protection of agricultural land and more balanced integrated development of rural areas, as well as to find better solutions in the field of utilization, ownership sector and conditions of agricultural area management.

scholarly journals Agricultural Land Conversion, Land Economic Value, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rondhi ◽  
Pravitasari Pratiwi ◽  
Vivi Handini ◽  
Aryo Sunartomo ◽  
Subhan Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
A Value ◽  
Land Economic

Agricultural land conversion (ALC) is an incentive-driven process. In this paper, we further investigate the inter-relationship between land economic value (LEV) and ALC. To achieve this goal, we calculated the LEV for agricultural and non-agricultural (housing) uses in two areas of East Java, Indonesia. The first area represents peri-urban agriculture, which is facing rapid urbanization and experiencing a high rate of ALC. The second area represents rural agriculture, with zero ALC. Furthermore, we identified factors affecting LEV in both areas for both uses. The results of this study show that agricultural land yielded a higher economic benefit in rural areas. Conversely, compared to agricultural land, housing in urban areas yields a value that is seven times higher. Moreover, agricultural land was shown to yield a higher profit after conversion. Ironically, a similar comparison does not exist in rural areas. Agricultural land yielded a value that was only 19% higher, indicating that agricultural land can easily be converted. This is also proven by the growing number of new urban cores in the periphery area. There are several factors affecting land economic value, such as agricultural use, soil fertility, accessibility, and cropping pattern, which are important variables. Meanwhile, the accessibility and location of peri-urban areas increase the land value for housing.

scholarly journals Parameters for quantity calculations of poultry by-products

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Djordje Okanovic ◽  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Milutin Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Biological Pollution ◽  
By Products

A significant group of inedible by-products from industrial slaughterhouses that can be used as a raw material for processing into quality feed for pigs and pets are byproducts of slaughtered poultry. The poultry industry yields a large amount of inedible byproducts of which the removal or processing requires hygienic and economic solutions. These activities primarily include the protection of the environmental from degradation processes and biological pollution, as well as securing high-protein animal feed. The incorporation of inedible slaughtered poultry by-products into food for animals involves the application of various technological processes. These processes should be simple and feasible for investments where it is necessary to obtain a quality product. At the same time, it must be taken into account that the production process does not create new secondary products or waste gases that could contaminate the environment. Scientific knowledge in the field of exploitation of inedible slaughtered poultry by-products provides the necessary basis for calculating the amount of certain types of raw materials.

A Review : Sustainability from Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Kriti Jain ◽  
Chirag Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document