Conceptualising Feminism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second Wave

This chapter traces the origins, evolution, and debate on both the concept and term feminism. It establishes that feminism comprises a number of social, cultural, and political movements; theories; and moral philosophies concerned with gender inequalities and equal rights for women. The chapter establishes that feminism is a generalised, wide-ranging system of ideas about social life and human experience developed from a woman-centred perspective. It focuses on the inequalities between men and women and the efforts to advance the social role of women. Feminism is believed to have passed through stages: the first wave, the second wave, and the third wave. The subsequent waves of feminism came as a response to the perceived weaknesses and failures of their predecessors. This introductory chapter gives an overview of both the concept and the term feminism. The chapter ends with a discussion on scientific research into feminist issues.

scholarly journals Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Grażyna STRNAD
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Third ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Wave

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.

scholarly journals Persona & Parrhesia: Research notes on the dialectics of the real

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Matteo Stocchetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Individual

<p>If reality is socially established through practices that, directly or indirectly, depend on communication and therefore on some notion of truth, the idea of a post-truth communicative regime or “age” may seem not only bizarre but also worrying. The dissolution of the real announced by the prophets of postmodernism in the form of either a “perfect crime” or a “liquid reality”, has been interpreted as the effect of the crisis of truth and legitimation that Jean-Françoise Lyotard referred to with his notions of ”performativity” and ”legitimation by force”. In this perspective, reality depends on truth and the possibility of truth depends in turn, by configurations of power that seem too elusive and ephemeral to be effectively engaged with in either theory or practice. In this paper, I mobilize the notions of parrhesia and persona in an effort to establish an alternative standpoint to discuss the epistemological and ontological implications of the postmodern condition and the crisis of truth associated to it. The main point can perhaps be summarized in the idea that, if the new regime of truth (or post-truth) relies on persona expressing the roles/characters compatible with it, the notion of parrhesia may gain a critical relevance for the normative evaluation of these personas and the social implications of their truth. Famously re-introduced by Michel Foucault in his analysis of truth and its discursive conditions, the notion of parrhesia has a heuristic potential that is not fully exploited. While challenging in fundamental ways the social construction of reality on practical grounds, the digitalization of social life presents also theoretical challenges some of which can be addressed by the reconceptualization of parrhesia in relation to the social role of the persona rather than the individual. In my paper, I present some preliminary research notes in this direction.</p>

scholarly journals REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-66
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kyker
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
Child's Play ◽  
The Status

The Shona chipendani (pl. zvipendani) is among dozens of musical bows found throughout southern Africa. An understanding of where the chipendani fits into the larger space of Zimbabwe’s musical and social life is markedly thin. Other than Brenner’s observation that the chipendani may occasionally be played by adult men while socializing over beer, descriptions of the chipendani seldom go further than remarking on theinstrument’s associations with cattle herding, and reducing it to the status of child’s play. In this article, I argue that conceptions of the musical and social identity of the chipendani must be expanded beyond its conventional portrayal as a herdboy instrument, since other groups of people have been actively involved in performing the instrument. I further maintain that the social role of the chipendani extends beyond providing accompaniment for a singular activity—that of cattle herding—into other contexts. By challenging Tracey’s conception of solo bow playing as “self-delectative,” my account of chipendani music opens up space for new readings of other musical bows throughout southern Africa.

scholarly journals The problem of the social ideal in the philosophy of Boris Chicherin

Polylogos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (№ 3 (17)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sergey Chizhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Liberalism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Liberal Thought

The article analyzes the concept of the ideal of social life, developed by B.N. Chicherin. The first part of the article examines his criticism of various representations of the social ideal in the history of thought and in socio-economic and political concepts contemporary to Chicherin. Special attention is paid to his analysis and criticism of the social ideal of socialist doctrines. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis of tendencies in liberal thought, controversial from Chicherin&apos;s point of view. It provides Chicherin&apos;s criticism of the notions of social liberalism emerging at the end of the 19th century. In the third part, an analysis of his own concept is given, Chicherin&apos;s ideas about the ways of forming a society based on individual freedom are considered, and the social role of ideas about the social ideal is analyzed.

scholarly journals The Social Role of Women in the View of 'Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatmawati ◽  
Afrizal Nur ◽  
Saidul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Role Of Women

The qur’an contains the laws, commandments and prohibitions of Allah, giving glad tidings and al-qur’an has explained the problems of human life from all fields, including all forms of women’s problems. It is based on Qur’an surah al-ahzab: 33. But the verse is less precise is used as an excuse to limit women’s gait in social activities outside the home. The article al-qur’an does not forbit women to work out of the house, even al-qur’an imposes responsibility on men and women to guide and improve society. This is expressed in the word of Allah surah at-tawba: 71. As al-Qur’an has explained how women play a social role, there is also one movement of women who also focus on women’s problems, namely ‘Aisyiyah. ‘Aisyiyah is one of the muslimah mevement under the leadership of of indonesia. Then the problem studied in this thesis is how social role the of women contained in al-qur’an and how also according to aisyiyah which is limited by discussing five surah in al-Qur’an that is surah al-Imran: 159, an-Nisa’: 124, an-Nahl: 97, ghafir: 40, at-taubah: 71.The type of research that the writer use is literature research with the title method (by collecting verses related to the social role of women) then peeled in deeply and thoroughly from various aspects related and analyzed with descriptive approach to explain the sosial role of women according to al-qur’an and according to aisyiyah. After being reviewed and studied, the author gets the answer that al-qur’an has explained that women can play an active role social life. Similarly aisyiyah also explained that women can still play an active role in social life as long as he does not forget his nature as a woman. There is no controversy in in these two perspectives.

scholarly journals The society of anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Social Realm

Starting from the analysis of the meaning of health and illness, the workfi nds the social role of medicine as a transposition of the medicalization fromclinical to the the social realm of existence. Discovering the medicalizationof social life as one of the indicators of postmodern rationality entropy, theanalysis focuses on the diff usion and fl uid fear as a basic epochal experience ofhuman existence in contemporary constellation world whose social shaping isnamed as the anxiety society.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

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