Dimensions of Rural Poverty as Social Problems

2022 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter uses a sociological approach to tackle poverty as a social problem. As a social problem, sociologists believe poverty is linked to the distribution of wealth and power structures and how political, economic, institutional arrangements, and historical conditions shape our lives and the possibilities to survive in a competitive world. They use analytic framework that shifts from the current popular focus of blaming the victim to addressing the inequalities of the distribution of power, wealth, and opportunity. Second, the chapter broadens the poverty reduction narrative to recognize that studying poverty is not the same thing as studying the poor. This framework turns empirical attention to political, economic, institutional, and historical conditions, as well as the policy decisions that shape the distribution of power and wealth, and interventions that seek to change the conditions of structural inequality and social stratification rather than narrowly focusing on changing the poor.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

scholarly journals Breaking the Vicious Cycle between Illness and Poverty: Empirical Actions on Land Use in an Oasis Agricultural Area

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yannan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

Illness and poverty have been identified to be mutually influential, thereby forming a vicious cycle. Cutting off this vicious circle will be of great significance in the long-term planning of rural poverty reduction. Most of the existing studies have been conducted in proposing medical policies. Thus, these policies neglect the ability of the poor themselves. In oasis agricultural areas, the land is the critical resource, and improving land-use efficiency has been proposed as the key entry point for breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness. This article summarizes the success achieved in fighting health-related poverty in South Xinjiang, China, which can be attributed to a three-pronged approach that addresses the construction of the living, production, and ecological spaces. (1) Construction of the living space should be the first step in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness since it can improve the medical and basic living infrastructure. (2) Construction of the production space is critical for breaking the vicious cycle since it can directly increase the income of the poor. Specifically, the profit can be improved by increasing crop yields, developing animal husbandry, and participating in land circulation and rural cooperatives. Additionally, the construction of township enterprises can provide employment to the poor. (3) In regard to the construction of the ecological space, preventing and controlling desertification, as well as renovating the village environment, is essential for providing a good living environment that is conducive to the improvement of physical fitness. Constructing the multi-spaces of “living–production–ecological” has important implications in terms of transforming the vicious cycle into a virtuous one, which is crucial for designing national poverty reduction policies.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF RURAL POVERTY (A Study of Tobacco Farmers in Temanggung)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 037
Author(s):  
Fuad Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Poor

Rural poverty is a problem that seemed vicious because poverty is a structural problem that will always be there. Poverty of farmers in rural areas must be addressed in an effort to increase the capacity and capability of farmers to form farmers' productive behaviors that have an impact on increasing empowerment.This study tried to explore the problems of poverty in rural areas, particularly poverty tobacco farmers in Temanggung. This is motivated because the Temanggung tobaccos are the world's best tobacco, but its majority people are poor. This study uses primary data approach, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using path analysis. Then in-depth explanation with interviews and observations analysis techniques to obtain optimal qualitative interpretation.The results showed that the capacity, culture, government empowerment, social capital and religiosity as independent variables affect the attitudes of society, which in turn affect the empowerment of the poor as poverty reduction efforts.

Gender and Mindscapes of Patriarchy in Poverty Reduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 159-186
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Inheritance Laws

Is poverty gendered? Feminist theorists suggest that the experience of poverty by any woman is shaped not only by her gender but by ideologies and other systems of social stratification such as race, ethnicity, and class – and that these dimensions are not simply an additional facet of a woman's identity but do affect her gendered experience as well. The narratives examined in this chapter consist of symbolic patriarchy, inheritance laws, gender socialization, domestic division of labor, and certain accounts pertaining to widows and the subordination of women. A scan of the African cultural landscape revealed a profile of rural poverty that is unproportionate, unequal, and sometimes unfairly affects women more than men. Patriarchal and discriminatory practices are stubbornly unyielding in some rural areas and has inflicted a blow against women the most.

scholarly journals Pro-poor Leasehold Forestry: A Community-based Tenure Regime in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Kafley ◽  
Krishna Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Poor ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation

  Nepal’s Leasehold Forestry (LHF) programme,which has the twin goals of degraded forest rehabilitation and rural poverty alleviation, started in the early 1990s and is regarded as a priority forestry programme in Nepal.There has been limited documentationof the impact of the LHF programme as well as of the issues and challenges faced by it. On the basis of scarce existing literature and of our long experience working in the programme, we, in this paper, discuss such impacts, issues and challenges. We suggest that the programme has so far been quite positive in meeting the stated objectives; however, there remains a range of issues that deserve on-going attention. While the programme, in general, is criticized for its strategy of handing over poor quality land to the poor people, the communities’ tenure rights over land and forest resources is not fully secured either. Provisions regarding the transfer of tenure rights to the kin and/or in the context of absentees are absent, and the benefit sharing mechanisms are unclear in case of trees which were present at the time of handover, and compete across other overlapping forest management activities. Support services available to the LHF user groups are inadequate and discontinuous, limiting the opportunities for the poor leaseholders to harness their potential to pool resources from other poverty reduction programmes and influence policy processes. We indicate some areas of intervention at policy and programme levels that seek to overcome these issues and to provide wider space for LHF user groups to exercise their agency towards achieving the programme’s goals effectively, efficiently and equitably.

scholarly journals Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty reduction strategies in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mago ◽  
Daina Nyathi ◽  
Costa Hofisi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies implemented by Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) for poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s Binga Rural District. The qulitative research methodology was employed in the article. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicated that NGOs do not adequately fulfil the needs of the poor due to ineffective strategies that they implement. There is insufficient understanding of the livelihoods of the poor in Binga, hence the need for participatory development approaches. Deepening and widening poverty in the rural areas that are currently served by NGOs is an indicator that their poverty alleviation strategies are inadequate and ineffective to deal with poverty in these rural areas. The paper recommends a policy shift by both NGOs and the government to improve the poverty reduction strategies used by NGOs.

Scoping Social Entrepreneurship in India: Organisation, Technology, and Collaboration

GIS Business ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Bino Paul G.D.
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lock In

We explore emerging contexts of social entrepreneurship in India. Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an important option in poverty reduction and social change wherein organizing societal responses to scenarios like entrenched deprivation, cumulative disadvantages, long extant institutional lock-in, and vulnerabilities enmeshed in social stratification, hiatus emanating from segmentation of labour market and inadequate coverage of social protection form the core of strategies/collectives/organisation. In this paper, first, drawing cues from the literature, we outline basic typology of social entrepreneurship while delineating pivotal role technology and collaboration play in social entrepreneurship. Second, we provide a glimpse of not profit organisations in India, based on the secondary data. We juxtapose select patterns from the data on non profit organisations with human development. Third, we discuss select cases of social entrepreneurship that diverge in characteristics and contexts, in particular how these initiatives work towards poverty reduction and social development.

State-Sponsored Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Political Hierarchy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
The Many

The book explores the social economic processes of inequality produced by differential state entitlements. Drawing on uniquely rich source materials from central and local archives, the book provides an unprecedented, comprehensive view of the creation of a socio-economic and political hierarchy under the Eight Banners in the Qing dynasty in what is now Shuangcheng County, Heilongjiang province. Shuangcheng was settled by bannermen from urban Beijing and elsewhere in rural Manchuria in the nineteenth century. The state classified the immigrants into distinct categories, each associated with differentiated land entitlements. By reconstructing the history of settlement and land distribution in this county, the book shows that patterns of wealth stratification and the underlying social hierarchy were not merely imposed by the state from the top-down but created and reinforced by local people through practices on the ground. In the course of pursuing their own interests, settlers internalized the distinctions created by the state through its system of unequal land entitlements. The tensions built into the unequal land entitlements therefore shaped the identities of immigrant groups, and this social hierarchy persisted after the fall of the Qing in 1911. The book offers an in-depth understanding of the key factors that contributed to social stratification in agrarian societies in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century China. Moreover, it also sheds light on the many parallels between the stratification system in Qing-dynasty Shuangcheng and the structural inequality in contemporary China.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

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