Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship as Innovation Source in the Defense Industry and Military

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-215
Author(s):  
Olcay Okun ◽  
Korhan Arun
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Military Innovation ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Weapons Systems

Many military-related innovation approaches can be followed, such as doctrinal, tactical changes, and innovations in the organizational structure of military units. These approaches examine innovation in its historical context and flow. Defense industries of the countries are an indicator of their power in the international arena and develop new war weapons, systems, and equipment with innovation. Innovations turn it into economic power. Militaries are the most important customers of the defense industries. From the design of the products to the feedback of the last user, the defense industry, and military are in mutual interaction. Military culture, which is shaped in the light of the experiences gained with blood on the battlefield and has its dynamics, is one of the main phenomena in the acceptance of innovations and shaping the culture of military innovation. In this chapter, the authors examine the contribution of the defense industry and military employees to innovation in these innovation processes and the organizational acceptance processes offered to the use of these innovations.

scholarly journals Naukowa, dydaktyczna i organizacyjna działalność Ludwika Jaxy-Bykowskiego na rzecz rozwoju poznańskiej uniwersyteckiej pedagogiki

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 311-336
Author(s):  
Konrad Nowak-Kluczyński
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Science ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Organizational Activities

The Scientific, Educational and Organizational Activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski to Develop Poznań Academic Pedagogy The work is dedicated to Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski – a pioneer of educational psychology and experimental pedagogy in Poland. He received professors’ recognition and was liked by Poznań University students. The work is a trial to reconstruct the scientific, educational and organizational activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski in accordance with chronological order. The topics reorganization was also taken into account, considering the change of organizational structure of Poznań academic pedagogy as well as the historical context. The work timeframes were designated by historical moments of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski activities and Poznań academic pedagogy, which he co-created as the head of the Department of Pedagogy and Teaching at Poznań University and the chancellor of the “Secret” University of the Western Lands in Warsaw. It is the portrait of passionate professor who fought for autonomy and academic freedom for universities by promoting the important role of human science.

Providing an interpretive structural model of agile supply chain practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Rahimi ◽  
Abbas Raad ◽  
Akbar Alem Tabriz ◽  
Alireza Motameni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agile Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Agility ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Nowadays, the defense industry is considered a significant part of the manufacturing industries. Military products in the world have a high level of diversity, delivery speed and appropriative operational functionality. Therefore, various producing, high quality and high-speed delivery of military products are of great importance in enhancing Iran’s defensive power. Defense industries’ supply chain agility is a response to how to produce military products with these features. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a model for the agile supply chain of defense industries to show the relationship between agile practices and their hierarchy. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors identify the most important supply chain agility practices by expert’s questionnaire. Then, using factor analysis, practices are categorized and validated based on structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM showed a meaningful relationship between agile supply chain practices. Finally, using interpretative structural modeling, a model is presented to show the logical relationships and hierarchy between these practices. Findings The results show that out of a total of 62 practices introduced in the previous research for the agile supply chain, 37 practices in the agility of the supply chain of defense industries are effective. The 4 new agility practices were identified in this research. These 41 practices were classified into 8 categories including supplier relationship, workshop level management, organizational structure improvement, human resource management, product designing, improve and integrate the process, application of information technology and customer relationship. Improvement of organizational structure was at the highest level of the model. Therefore, managers first should focus on it. Research limitations/implications Given the confidentiality of information in the defense industry, the distribution of questionnaires and their collection was one of the most important limitations. A variety of defense products in land, air and sea areas, and a large number of industries in each sector, forced the authors to select the only land area. Although the results of this research can be used in the air and sea areas, but cannot be said that the implementation of this study presented model will fully lead to the defense industries’ supply chain agility in air and sea sectors. Originality/value This is the first research on the supply chain agility of Iran’s defense industry that bridges the gap between theory and practice. The classification of 41 practices in the form of 8 measures and examining the relationship between them is a new and practical approach for understanding the relationships between different variables that affect supply chain agility. This study introduces four new agility practices including the use of new technology and equipment, human resource balance, the use of expert human resources, training and employee empowerment, which can be considered in many industries of developing or less developed countries. Considering the specific situation of defense industry supply chain in comparison with other industries, the results of this research can be used by other defense industries of similar countries.

scholarly journals A Spirit of Generosity: Philanthropy in the Scotch Whisky Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall G. MacKenzie ◽  
Jillian Gordon ◽  
Martin J. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Three Sisters ◽  
Scotch Whisky ◽  
Over Time

Recent literature on philanthropy and business has focused on the returns to businesses and entrepreneurs from giving. In this article, we show how historical context impacts the motivations and organizational forms created over time in philanthropic giving that effect and affect such returns. We do this through the prism of the changing ownership structures in the Scotch whisky industry in the twentieth century using an institutional theory lens. In doing so, we capture the story of three sisters who inherited a Scotch whisky business in the 1940s and transformed it into a hybrid philanthropic-commercial vehicle that remains in operation today. We present an extended theoretical model illustrating the interplay of context, motivation, and organizational structure over time on exchanges of capital in entrepreneurial philanthropy.

Rights, Not Interests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The Core ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Creative Vision

This book makes four important contributions to our understanding of U.S. labor law and policy. First, given my previous three volume study of the work of the NLRB, this book is able to discuss the Board’s path under Chairmen Gould, Truesdale, Battista and Liebman in historical context. Second, this book demonstrates the consequences of applying different and conflicting values to real world issues of labor law. Third, the book’s inward assessment of U.S. labor law and policy using international human rights principles as standards for judgment constitutes new perspectives on old issues. These new perspectives challenge the commonly held view among practitioners and academics that workers’ organizing and collective bargaining are merely tests of economic power by adversarial interest groups exercising commercial rights not human rights. Finally, rather than joining those writing obituaries for the Act and the NLRB, this book maintains, despite the unrelenting pounding of hostile forces, that the core of the Act remains a solid foundation for the realization of workers’ rights–but calls for a new more creative vision because more is needed than merely fine tuning for marginal adjustments.

USA Defense Industry Companies’ Development in Current Conditions: Trends and Prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Савченко ◽  
Evgeniy Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Budget Balance ◽  
Defense Budget ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Weapons Systems

The article considers the particular characteristics of functioning of USA defense industry companies in current conditions. These characteristics are marked by continuation of crisis trends in the USA economy and negative changes in the USA defense budget. The latter means not only spending reduction, but also changes in budget balance not in favor of procurement of new weapons systems and R&D. The situation determines the necessity of USA defense industry companies’ business-model structural adjustments. However, the implementation of the structural adjustments remains in question.

scholarly journals O is for Orientalism: the dynamics of the sexual tourist gaze in Laurent Cantet’s Vers le sud/Heading South (2005)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hammond ◽  
Andrew McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sexual Tourism

This article explores the Orientalist dynamics of North/South sexual tourism in Laurent Cantet’s Vers le sud/Heading South (2005). The narrative of the film is structured around the self-interested motivations of three white middle-aged bourgeois Western women who travel from North America to Haiti in the late 1970s in order to explore their sexuality in what they perceive as an island paradise, effectively exiling themselves from the codified social behavior expected of them in their homeland. The women avail themselves of the pleasures offered by young black Haitian men, often in exchange for money or goods, and fuel one-sided fantasies of romantic love with their local hosts, seemingly oblivious to the Orientalist nature of such an imbalance of social and economic power. The article explores the historical context of the political repression and violence of late-1970s Haiti under the Duvalier regime, as well as the manifestations of spatial politics represented in the film. In its Haitian setting, Vers le sud sheds light on a relatively unfamiliar cultural and social milieu for the Western/Northern audience, with the director keenly aware of the exoticism of the subject matter and the impossibility of the film to maintain its neutrality in a problematic engagement with the Orient/South. The article argues that the privileged position of the film’s protagonists is matched not only by Cantet’s directorial gaze, but also by the intellectual detachment of postcolonial scholars such as the article’s authors, who acknowledge that their engagement with the subject matter risks re-enacting the Orientalist dynamics they seek to expose.

Russia’s novel weapons systems: military innovation in the post-Soviet period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Hanna Notte ◽  
Sarah Bidgood ◽  
Nikolai Sokov ◽  
Michael Duitsman ◽  
William Potter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Military Innovation ◽  
Novel Weapons ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Weapons Systems

Intraorganizational Alignment and Innovation Processes: Philips and Transistor Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Davids ◽  
Geert Verbong
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Solid State Electronics ◽  
Exclusive Contracts ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Innovative Capacity ◽  
Innovation Processes

The Dutch company Philips succeeded in producing transistors early on. By the early 1950s, it had acquired a strong position in the European semiconductor market. However, by the end of the 1950s, it was being surpassed by competitors. In response to the developments in solid state electronics, Philips' management adjusted the company's research, development, and production capabilities, enabling the firm to bring point-contact and layer transistors onto the market and to develop its own high-frequency transistor. When demand for industrial transistors increased, Philips was unprepared, leaving it without an entrée to this new market. The company's exclusive contracts with IBM not only failed to produce the expected results; they also limited its ability to establish ties with other computer companies and most important it illustrated Philips' choice not to produce computers. Therefore, Philips did not build knowledge and expertise in the computer field. Philips' organizational structure hampered both its innovative capacity in the field of applications and its ability to adjust transistor requirements to suit customer needs. Thus, by the early 1960s, Philips found itself in a weakened position in the increasingly competitive transistor market.

scholarly journals CONTROVERSIAL INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh YAREMENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Impact

Reforms affect the efficiency of the economy through mechanisms of resource mobility, expectations, trust, shadow sector dynamics, corruption and economic freedom and the overall innovation capacity of the economy. The nature and content of these influences are controversial and sometimes uncertain. Therefore, when planning the “next wave” of reforms, it makes sense to take into account the specific features of relationship between changes in institutional environment and processes of functioning and development of the economy. Reforms are preceded by a critical rise in uncertainty, which manifests itself in mass institutional, market and technological destructions. Such gaps, destructions and problems cannot be overcome within the framework of the old system of rules and actual distribution of powers and responsibilities of the participants in the economic system, since no subject regards the destructions as belonging to the sphere of his responsibility and authority. The content of reforms is a conscious change in the distribution of economic power within society. The most consistent with the identity of society and the state are evolutionary changes or endogenous reforms that reflect internal redistribution of economic power, market and technological changes in the national economy. Institutional reforms always contain an essential element of uncertainty, which manifests itself in short- or medium-term risks of a decrease in efficiency and long-term stagnation of the system. It should be acknowledged that the greatest risk of institutional change is destruction of identity and the complete loss of subjectivity. An important precondition for understanding the impact of reforms on the economic system is to take into account the national historical context. If reforms are consistent with the historically established value identity of the population, fix or continue evolutionary changes in the value-like institutional structures of society, then the likelihood of success of such reforms will be relatively higher and these reforms will be able to ensure tangible growth of public wealth, strengthening national competitiveness, technology development and further socialization of the economy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document