scholarly journals CONTROVERSIAL INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh YAREMENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Impact

Reforms affect the efficiency of the economy through mechanisms of resource mobility, expectations, trust, shadow sector dynamics, corruption and economic freedom and the overall innovation capacity of the economy. The nature and content of these influences are controversial and sometimes uncertain. Therefore, when planning the “next wave” of reforms, it makes sense to take into account the specific features of relationship between changes in institutional environment and processes of functioning and development of the economy. Reforms are preceded by a critical rise in uncertainty, which manifests itself in mass institutional, market and technological destructions. Such gaps, destructions and problems cannot be overcome within the framework of the old system of rules and actual distribution of powers and responsibilities of the participants in the economic system, since no subject regards the destructions as belonging to the sphere of his responsibility and authority. The content of reforms is a conscious change in the distribution of economic power within society. The most consistent with the identity of society and the state are evolutionary changes or endogenous reforms that reflect internal redistribution of economic power, market and technological changes in the national economy. Institutional reforms always contain an essential element of uncertainty, which manifests itself in short- or medium-term risks of a decrease in efficiency and long-term stagnation of the system. It should be acknowledged that the greatest risk of institutional change is destruction of identity and the complete loss of subjectivity. An important precondition for understanding the impact of reforms on the economic system is to take into account the national historical context. If reforms are consistent with the historically established value identity of the population, fix or continue evolutionary changes in the value-like institutional structures of society, then the likelihood of success of such reforms will be relatively higher and these reforms will be able to ensure tangible growth of public wealth, strengthening national competitiveness, technology development and further socialization of the economy.

Sustainable Ecological Development of the Global Economic System. The Institutional Aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Olena DOVGAL ◽  
Nataliia GONCHARENKO ◽  
Olena RESHETNYAK ◽  
Georgiy DOVGAL ◽  
Natalia DANKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Institutional Aspect ◽  
The Impact

Socio-ecological-economic relations and the institutional environment are shaped and changed in complex interaction. The main aim of this research is an institutional format development of the interaction of economic, social and environmental components of the global economic system, which could regulate the impact of institutional mechanisms and instruments of implementing the principles of ecological growth on the global economic system, for ensuring sustainable ecological development of the world economy. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific methods of scientific research: induction and deduction, comparative analysis and synthesis, generalization and realization of results, as well as historical and methods of logical analysis and abstract modeling.  The article summarizes the main findings obtained from the study of the institutional aspect of ensuring sustainable ecological development of the global economic system. The search for strategic priorities for the development of global economic systems has necessitated considering the need for complex institutional changes, which should contribute to ensuring socio-economic growth in the context of limited natural resources and the need to solve global environmental problems. In present research the authors have systematized and analyzed institutional instruments required for regulating ecological and economic relations and institutional leverage for increasing the appeal of environmental protection measures. The authors have proposed an institutional format for the interaction of economic, social and environmental components of the global economic system, which is the basis for policy development towards creating and developing a system of environmentally sensitive administration and management in the framework of green global economic development.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization on the evolution of relations and property rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Mikhail Nikolaev ◽  
Marina Shamsutdinova ◽  
Rinas Nagimov
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Market Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

Background of the study: Various aspects of the interaction between globalization and property have been considered by many authors. However, their elaboration is clearly insufficient today, taking into account the growing economic disequilibrium of the world economic system which is expressed in frequent crises and attempts to reform property. Another premise is connected with the contradictory impact of globalization on the nature of the evolution of property which is manifested in the increasing turbulence of economic processes and sometimes accompanied by the rejection of the emerging model of globalization. An important role is also played by the presence of conditions under which globalization leads to the deformation of property and owner’s rights. The purpose of the article: is to study and disclose the mechanisms of the impact of globalization on the transformation of relations and property rights. Methods: abstract-logical; economic analysis; historical. Conclusions: 1. The influence of globalization on the evolution of property is carried out through the unification of the rules of market behavior or by changing the institutional structure. 2. The contradictory impact of globalization on property is a source of education, along with traditional, its new forms that temporarily remove contradictions. 3. Globalization leads to the formation of a new system of property rights with a radical redistribution of economic power in society which raises the question of the need for appropriate, possibly supranational control.

Structural Modeling of Institute of Entrepreneurship in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Svetlana L. Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Pattern Modeling ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the modern global economy; the share of products of small and medium enterprises in the gross product and exports not only of the developed but also of developing countries is growing. Innovation processes cover all sectors of the economy, and more and more people are involved in entrepreneurial activity, which contributes to the penetration of entrepreneurial thinking and business values in all areas of the socioeconomic life of society. The Institute of Entrepreneurship plays an increasingly prominent role in the institutional environment of socio-economic systems. This actualizes the problem of studying the relationship of the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of law, culture, management. This requires a methodology that allows you to explore the impact on the institute of entrepreneurship not only economic, but also non-economic factors. The methodology of the “old” institutionalism possesses such a tool, it is structural modeling (pattern modeling), which allows to explore the diversity of interrelationships of the institution of entrepreneurship with other components of the institutional and economic environment. The article explored the features of the development of the institution of entrepreneurship in Russia, established the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, values, motives and incentives for entrepreneurial activity, built a structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship based on the methodology of the old institutionalism (pattern modeling). The structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship reveals the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, the values of entrepreneurial activity, its motives and incentives; as well as the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of governance, cultural and religious institutions, legal institutions and society.

Nachhaltigkeit im Wald – vor und hinter der Welle der Globalisierung | Sustainable Forest Management – In Front and Behind the Wave of Globalization

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
Christian Küchli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

Are there any common patterns in the transition processes from traditional and more or less sustainable forest management to exploitative use, which can regularly be observed both in central Europe and in the countries of the South (e.g. India or Indonesia)? Attempts were made with a time-space-model to typify those force fields, in which traditional sustainable forest management is undermined and is then transformed into a modern type of sustainable forest management. Although it is unlikely that the history of the North will become the future of the South, the glimpse into the northern past offers a useful starting point for the understanding of the current situation in the South, which in turn could stimulate the debate on development. For instance, the patterns which stand behind the conflicts on forest use in the Himalayas are very similar to the conflicts in the Alps. In the same way, the impact of socio-economic changes on the environment – key word ‹globalisation› – is often much the same. To recognize comparable patterns can be very valuable because it can act as a stimulant for the search of political, legal and technical solutions adapted to a specific situation. For the global community the realization of the way political-economic alliances work at the head of the ‹globalisationwave›can only signify to carry on trying to find a common language and understanding at the negotiation tables. On the lee side of the destructive breaker it is necessary to conserve and care for what survived. As it was the case in Switzerland these forest islands could once become the germination points for the genesis of a cultural landscape, where close-to-nature managed forests will constitute an essential element.

Islam, Economic Rationalism, and Accounting

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Roger Willett ◽  
Maliah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Belief Structure ◽  
Belief Structures ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the impact of western accounting technologies on belief structures such as those of the Islamic faith. It assesses a theory of accounting reporting originally proposed by Baydoun and Willett (1994). It goes on to consider the nature and origins of western materialist philosophy and contrasts the belief structure of Islam with the West. The paper also ex.amines the historical context in which western values became adopted in Muslim societies and discusses the policy issues that confront Islamic accounting standard setters.

Impact of the 2020 crises on the arts and culture in the United States: The effect of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement in historical context

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465
Author(s):  
Stanley N. Katz ◽  
Leah Reisman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement on the arts and cultural sector in the United States, placing the 2020 crises in the context of the United States’s historically decentralized approach to supporting the arts and culture. After providing an overview of the United States’s private, locally focused history of arts funding, we use this historical lens to analyze the combined effects of the pandemic and Black Lives Matter movement on a single metropolitan area – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We trace a timeline of key events in the national and local pandemic response and the reaction of the arts community to the Black Lives Matter movement, arguing that the nature of these intersecting responses, and their fallout for the arts and cultural sector, stem directly from weaknesses in the United States’s historical approach to administering the arts. We suggest that, in the context of widespread organizational vulnerability caused by the pandemic, the United States’s decentralized approach to funding culture also undermines cultural organizations’ abilities to respond to issues of public relevance and demonstrate their civic value, threatening these organizations’ legitimacy.

scholarly journals On the Personhood of Sacred Objects: Agency, Materiality and Popular Devotion in the Roman Catholic Philippines

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Julius Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Popular Devotion ◽  
Institutional Church

This paper is an analysis of the Santo Niño de Cebu, a statue of the child Jesus that is the object of widespread popular devotion among Roman Catholics in the Philippines. The central hypothesis is that a continuing challenge of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines, at least from the perspective of the institutional Church, lies not in the extra liturgical performance of its rituals, but rather in the popular belief that sacred objects possess agency and personhood. The discussion of this theme unfolds over three analytical movements. The focus of the initial section is on the historical context in which the Santo Niño became established as the preeminent religious and cultural icon of the Philippines, going as far back as the sixteenth century. The discussion shifts to the topic of the agency of material objects, as cultivated in the performance of three embodied rituals conducted by thousands of Santo Niño devotees. A third analytical movement is the examination of how popular belief in the Santo Niño’s agency intersects with the institutional reforms of the Second Vatican Council, particularly as locally contextualized and enacted in the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines (PCP II) in 1991.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Electric Power Systems with Primarily Residential, Commercial or Industrial Loads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Birk Jones ◽  
Matthew Lave ◽  
William Vining ◽  
Brooke Marshall Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

An increase in Electric Vehicles (EV) will result in higher demands on the distribution electric power systems (EPS) which may result in thermal line overloading and low voltage violations. To understand the impact, this work simulates two EV charging scenarios (home- and work-dominant) under potential 2030 EV adoption levels on 10 actual distribution feeders that support residential, commercial, and industrial loads. The simulations include actual driving patterns of existing (non-EV) vehicles taken from global positioning system (GPS) data. The GPS driving behaviors, which explain the spatial and temporal EV charging demands, provide information on each vehicles travel distance, dwell locations, and dwell durations. Then, the EPS simulations incorporate the EV charging demands to calculate the power flow across the feeder. Simulation results show that voltage impacts are modest (less than 0.01 p.u.), likely due to robust feeder designs and the models only represent the high-voltage (“primary”) system components. Line loading impacts are more noticeable, with a maximum increase of about 15%. Additionally, the feeder peak load times experience a slight shift for residential and mixed feeders (≈1 h), not at all for the industrial, and 8 h for the commercial feeder.

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