Realizing the Benefits of Energy Harvesting for IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Iot Devices

Different types of energy which generally fulfill the requirements of computing are mostly from thermal, mechanical, solar, wind, acoustic, and wave. Typically, IoT devices are powered by batteries that have limited lifetime, and thus these IoT devices need to be self-powered or require supportive energy sources that uninterruptedly power IoT devices. Energy harvesting is one of the techniques that can be applied to power these devices, which is a procedure of apprehending energy from lone or more energy from renewable sources in the proximate atmosphere known as environmental energy which can be renovated into usable electrical energy. Numerous researches are being carried out to harvest energy. This chapter is the extended version of the previous work carried out and analyses the present works on the application of IoT in energy harvesting systems and extant different research works carried out by the investigators to classify them.

scholarly journals Prospective Efficient Ambient Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT-Equipped Sensor Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Khatun Mishu ◽  
Md. Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Jagadeesh Pasupuleti ◽  
Mohammad Shakeri ◽  
Kazi Sajedur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has garnered a lot of attention owing to its significant deployment for fulfilling the global demand. It has been seen that power-efficient devices such as sensors and IoT play a significant role in our regular lives. However, the popularity of IoT sensors and low-power electronic devices is limited due to the lower lifetime of various energy resources which are needed for powering the sensors over time. For overcoming this issue, it is important to design and develop better, high-performing, and effective energy harvesting systems. In this article, different types of ambient energy harvesting systems which can power IoT-enabled sensors, as well as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. Various energy harvesting models which can increase the sustainability of the energy supply required for IoT devices are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges which need to be overcome to make IoT-enabled sensors more durable, reliable, energy-efficient, and economical are identified.

scholarly journals Market opportunities for small energy harvesters

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cuneo ◽  
Stefano Barberis ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Paolo Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Market Opportunities

There are several small energy sources that can be exploited to provide useful energy: small temperature differences, mechanical vibrations, flow variations, latent exhausts are just some examples. The recovery of such common and small energy sources, usually wasted, for example with the conversion into useful amounts of electrical energy, is called energy harvesting. Energy harvesting allows low-power embedded devices to be powered from naturally-occurring or unwanted environmental energy (e.g. pressure or temperature difference). The main aim in the last years of researches in such field, was the increasing of the efficiency of such components, with a higher power output and a smaller size. At present, a wide range of systems incorporating energy harvesters are now available commercially, all of them specific to certain types of energy source. Energy harvesting from dissipation processes such as fluid lamination is a challenge for many different applications. In addition, control valves to dissipate overpressures are common usage of many plants and systems. This paper surveys the market opportunities of such harvesting systems, considering the trade-offs affecting their efficiency, their applicability, and ease of deployment. Particular attention will be devoted to small energy harvesters than can exploit small expansions, such as from lamination valves or to systems that can feed mini sensors from small pressure drops, promising compactness, efficiency and cost effectiveness.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Hamid Ibrahim ◽  
Mandeep S. J. Singh ◽  
Samir Salem Al-Bawri ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
The Military

The investigation into new sources of energy with the highest efficiency which are derived from existing energy sources is a significant research area and is attracting a great deal of interest. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising alternative for obtaining energy for wireless devices directly from RF energy sources in the environment. An overview of the energy harvesting concept will be discussed in detail in this paper. Energy harvesting is a very promising method for the development of self-powered electronics. Many applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart environments, the military or agricultural monitoring depend on the use of sensor networks which require a large variety of small and scattered devices. The low-power operation of such distributed devices requires wireless energy to be obtained from their surroundings in order to achieve safe, self-sufficient and maintenance-free systems. The energy harvesting circuit is known to be an interface between piezoelectric and electro-strictive loads. A modern view of circuitry for energy harvesting is based on power conditioning principles that also involve AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation. Throughout the field of energy conversion, energy harvesting circuits often impose electric boundaries for devices, which are important for maximizing the energy that is harvested. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is described as the ratio between the rectifier’s output DC power and the antenna-based RF-input power (before its passage through the corresponding network).

Embedded Metamaterial Subframe Patch for Increased Power Output of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Saman Farhangdoust ◽  
Gary Georgeson ◽  
Jeong-Beom Ihn ◽  
Armin Mehrabi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Host Structure ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract These days, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is introduced as one of the clean and renewable energy sources for powering the self-powered sensors utilized for wireless condition monitoring of structures. However, low efficiency is the biggest drawback of the PEHs. This paper introduces an innovative embedded metamaterial subframe (MetaSub) patch as a practical solution to address the low throughput limitation of conventional PEHs whose host structure has already been constructed or installed. To evaluate the performance of the embedded MetaSub patch (EMSP), a cantilever beam is considered as the host structure in this study. The EMSP transfers the auxetic behavior to the piezoelectric element (PZT) wherever substituting a regular beam with an auxetic beam is either impracticable or suboptimal. The concept of the EMSP is numerically validated, and the COMSOL Multiphysics software was employed to investigate its performance when a cantilever beam is subjected to different amplitude and frequency. The FEM results demonstrate that the harvesting power in cases that use the EMSP can be amplified up to 5.5 times compared to a piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester without patch. This paper opens up a great potential of using EMSP for different types of energy harvesting systems in biomedical, acoustics, civil, electrical, aerospace, and mechanical engineering applications.

scholarly journals All-Printed Human Activity Monitoring and Energy Harvesting Device for Internet of Thing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawkat Ali ◽  
Saleem Khan ◽  
Amine Bermak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
The Self ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Human Activity Detection

A self-powered device for human activity monitoring and energy harvesting for Internet of Things (IoT) devices is proposed. The self-powered device utilizes flexible Nano-generators (NGs), flexible diodes and off-the-shelf capacitors. During footsteps the NGs generate an AC voltage then it is converted into DC using rectifiers and the DC power is stored in a capacitor for powering the IoT devices. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) composite is utilized for the NG active layer, indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum (Al) are used as the bottom and top electrodes, respectively. Four diodes are fabricated on the bottom electrode of the NG and connected in bridge rectifier configuration. A generated voltage of 18 Vpeak was achieved with a human footstep. The self-powered smart device also showed excellent robustness and stable energy scavenger from human footsteps. As an application we demonstrate human activity detection and energy harvesting for IoT devices.

scholarly journals Simulation and Prototype Implementation of Hybrid H-bridge MLI with Minimum Switches

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 845-851
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Switching Losses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
The Cost

As the demand for electrical energy increases continuously, we cannot rely on the existing conventional source for continuous power supply, as they are diminishing fast. The renewable energy sources are the best alternative for this energy crisis. We have different types of renewable energy sources and choice of source depends on location and load requirement. The most prominent source is the solar energy because of its own advantages. The nature of supply from this source is DC and it is to be converted into AC for supply to consumers. However, inverters are used for this conversion but produces harmonics. The Multilevel inverters are the alternate choice over conventional inverters due to the advantages of Low dv/dt and lower switching losses. Out of various multilevel inverters, cascaded H bridge (CHB) MLI topology is a well known solution for reducing the harmonics, which needs more number of switches and isolation power supplies which further increases the cost. This paper describes a proposed hybrid H-bridge topology with reduced switches. The proposed topology is implemented in Matlab/Simulink and results for 5, 7, 9 and 11 level are analyzed with their THD in output voltage. Hardware model for 5-level inverter is developed using 8051 micro-controller and results are presented

scholarly journals Energy Harvesting Technology by Converting Waste Heat Energy from Automobiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Rakib Rakib ◽  
Md. Saniat Rahman Zishan ◽  
Md. Abid Hasan Abid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Energy Sources

In this project, heat energy is used for generatingelectrical energy by a conversion process. The energy harvestingfrom the heat of motorbike has become a new source of portableenergy for rechargeable gadgets. In contrary, the conventionalnonrenewable energy sources have likewise added to anexpansion in contamination on the planet and a disintegration ofhuman wellbeing. From the electrical energy, the mobile phonewill be charged. A thermoelectric generator has been connectedto the hot portion of the motorbike and while riding the bike, anykind of chargeable device will get charged. The prototype of thisresearch work has effectively harvested electrical energy fromheat using thermoelectric generator and has managed to provideenough power at different speeds of the motorbike.

scholarly journals Energy per Operation Optimization for Energy-Harvesting Wearable IoT Devices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
Ganapati Bhat ◽  
Anish NK ◽  
Cemil S. Geyik ◽  
Umit Y. Ogras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Activity Tracking ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Wearable internet of things (IoT) devices can enable a variety of biomedical applications, such as gesture recognition, health monitoring, and human activity tracking. Size and weight constraints limit the battery capacity, which leads to frequent charging requirements and user dissatisfaction. Minimizing the energy consumption not only alleviates this problem, but also paves the way for self-powered devices that operate on harvested energy. This paper considers an energy-optimal gesture recognition application that runs on energy-harvesting devices. We first formulate an optimization problem for maximizing the number of recognized gestures when energy budget and accuracy constraints are given. Next, we derive an analytical energy model from the power consumption measurements using a wearable IoT device prototype. Then, we prove that maximizing the number of recognized gestures is equivalent to minimizing the duration of gesture recognition. Finally, we utilize this result to construct an optimization technique that maximizes the number of gestures recognized under the energy budget constraints while satisfying the recognition accuracy requirements. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that the proposed analytical model is valid for wearable IoT applications, and the optimization approach increases the number of recognized gestures by up to 2.4× compared to a manual optimization.

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