Smart Contract and Collaborative Platforms

2022 ◽  
pp. 104-127
Author(s):  
Émilie Boily
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
User Trust

The collaborative economy (CE) involves an intensification of peer-to-peer commerce either directly or through the presence of an intermediary. Collaborative online exchanges are supported by digital processes that involve increased use of new technologies. As an intrinsically connected economy, the EC is therefore inclined to integrate the most recent technological advances, in particular smart contracts. In a recent article, Ertz and Boily raised that this technology can have important impacts for the development of the CE the intensification of exchanges between peers. This chapter consists of a conceptual review analyzing how the CE connects to smart contract technology by observing in particular the motivations of users on digital sharing platforms. The chapter also presents the organizational and managerial implications associated with the implementation of smart contracts in terms of governance, transaction costs, and user trust on collaborative online platforms. A comparison with conventional contracts is also initiated.

Smart Contracts

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brownsword
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Regulatory Purpose ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Covering Law ◽  
Business To Business

The main purpose of this chapter is to sketch two principal ways in which lawyers are likely to engage with new transactional technologies (such as smart contract applications of blockchain technologies), each form of engagement being characterized by its own questions and conversations. Whereas one form of engagement, ‘coherentism’, focuses on the fit between particular new technologies and the covering law of contract, the other, ‘regulatory-instrumentalism’, focuses on whether the law (relative to particular new technologies) is fit for regulatory purpose. The sketch is refined by drawing further distinctions between ‘transactionalist’ and ‘relationalist’ variants of ‘coherentism’ and ‘rule-based’ and ‘technocratic’ variants of regulatory-instrumentalism. With a view to decoding legal debates about emerging transactional technologies, this sketch is then applied to questions concerning smart contracts in, respectively, business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and peer-to-peer transactions.

scholarly journals Smart contract: from definition to certainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Yuriy Truntsevsky ◽  
Vyacheslav Sevalnev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the present article is to gain an understanding of the opportunities and difficulties created by the introduction and development of the practice of network (smart) contracts. Our research methodology is based on a holistic set of principles and methods of scholarly analysis employed by modern legal science. It uses a dialectical method involving both general approaches (structural system method, formal logical method, analysis and synthesis of individual elements, individual features of concepts, abstraction, generalization, etc.) and particular methods (legal technical, systematic, comparative, historical, and grammatical methods, method of the unity of theory and practice, etc.). We analyze the views of lawyers and other specialists from Russia and abroad, legislative innovations in the field of digital technologies, the practice of blockchain-based smart contracts, and the main risks (whether legal, technological, operational, or criminogenic) of smart contracts for economic activities with a study of their causes. In the present-day situation, it is necessary to move from the legal definition of the smart contract and its legal and technological characteristics, advantages and disadvantages to the implementation of startups in a wide range of areas, especially business, public regulation, and social relations. Scholarly and information support for such processes will contribute to the development of industry, public administration and digital technology applications to improve the life of individual citizens and society as a whole. The introduction of smart contracts does not require the adoption of new laws or regulations. Instead, one should adapt and, possibly, modify existing legal principles at the legislative and judicial levels to pave the way for the use of smart contracts and other new technologies. The system of contract law provides a sufficient framework for regulating transactions without the introduction of any new legal categories. We propose approaches to the legal definition of the smart contract and identify a set of problems that must be solved at the legislative and technical legal levels in order to implement smart contracts effectively in different spheres of life.

scholarly journals Digital Vector in Global Educational Policy: Will it Ensure Social Justice and Access to Education?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-351
Author(s):  
E. A. Antyukhova ◽  
P. I. Kasatkin
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
University Education ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
National Education ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
National Education Systems

Abstract: Ensuring the accessibility of education based on the development of online learning as one of the tasks of the global educational policy is acquiring key importance today. This task is complicated by different levels of economic development of countries and digital divide, problems of modernization of national education systems in the context of the spread of IT technologies. The development of education is closely related to technological advances (artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, robotics), but such changes are not actively manifested in education due to its conservatism, and are also associated with the level of development of countries and access to new technologies for citizens. An analysis of investment activity in the education sector shows that investors are wary of financing the development of education and, in particular, online education, but trends over the past five years show a fourfold increase in total investment. The article concludes that: 1) despite the emergence of both universal and specialized educational online platforms, they cannot create an individual trajectory for acquiring knowledge and mastering competencies, as this can still be done on the basis of classical university education; 2) online platforms broadens the choice among the many offered educational programs and courses, however objectivity of this choice tends to be decreasing.

When Giants Meet

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Myriam Ertz ◽  
Émilie Boily
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Managerial Implications

The collaborative economy (CE) involves an intensification of direct or intermediated peer-to-peer trade, underpinned by robust digital infrastructures and processes, hence an increased use of new technologies and a redefinition of business activities. As an inherently connected economy, the CE is, therefore, prone to integrating the most recent technological advances including artificial intelligence, big data analysis, augmented reality, the smart grid, and blockchain technology. As an innovative payment and finance technology, the blockchain and cryptocurrencies could have potential implications for the CE. This chapter consists of a conceptual review analyzing how the CE connects with the blockchain technology. The chapter presents subsequently the organizational and managerial implications related to the use of blockchain technology in terms of governance, transaction costs, and user confidence. An illustrative case further examines the role of a prominent social media in the CE-blockchain nexus.

scholarly journals A Peer-to-peer Purchase and Rental Smart Contract-based Application (PuRSCA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Rafati Niya ◽  
Florian Schüpfer ◽  
Thomas Bocek ◽  
Burkhard Stiller
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract This work introduces the design and implementation of an Android-based Peer-to-peer Purchase and Rental Application termed PuRSCA, which leverages Smart Contracts (SC) and the Ethereum public blockchain (BC). As a Device-to-device (D2D) communication protocol, WiFi-Direct is chosen to enable the P2P data transmission between two parties. This work results in a cost-efficient, secure, SC-based, P2P, and Decentralized application (Dapp). Evaluations on performance of this Dapp is specified in terms of its D2D deployment, transaction costs, scalability, security, and privacy.

scholarly journals Dispute resolution by means of blockchain technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Zasemkova
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
International Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Advances

One of the most important technological advances of recent times is the blockchain technology, which is gradually gaining recognition, having a significant impact on a number of industries. At the same time, the most interesting blockchain-based technology is smart contracts, which makes it possible to get rid of intermediaries and significantly reduce the costs the parties to cross-border contracts carry. With the development of new technologies, new types of disputes appear, which can not always be resolved through existing mechanisms, such as the court or international commercial arbitration. As a result, there is a need to modify existing or introduce new mechanisms that are more suitable for resolving disputes in the global digital decentralized economy. One of these mechanisms is blockchain-arbitration. Currently, several projects of such arbitration have been developed, the most interesting of which are CodeLegit, SAMBA and Kleros, each with a certain specificity. At the same time, the Kleros project, which is an attempt to create a decentralized quasi-judicial system for resolving disputes arising from smart contracts, deserves special attention. Analyzing each of these projects, the author points out some problems that may arise when using them, and suggests ways to solve them.

scholarly journals Smart contract model for complex reality transaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Tianyu Feng ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Yueting Chai ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operation Mechanism ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Transaction Efficiency ◽  
Application Scope

Purpose The application of smart contract can greatly reduce transaction costs and improve transaction efficiency. The existing smart contract are expensive, single application scenario and inefficient. This paper aims to propose a new smart contract model to solve these problems. Design/methodology/approach By investigating the research history, models and platforms, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of existing smart contracts. Based on the content and architecture of traditional contract, a smart contract model with wider application scope is designed. Findings In this paper, several models are used to describe the operation mechanism of smart contracts. To facilitate computer execution, a decomposition method is proposed, which divides smart contracts into several sub-contracts. Then, the advantages and deployment methods of smart contract are discussed. On this basis, a specific example is given to illustrate how the application of smart contract will change our life. Originality/value Smart contract is gradually applied to more fields. In this paper, the structure and operation mechanism of smart contract system in reality are given, which will be beneficial to the application of smart contract to more complex systems.

Rediseñando las Organizaciones del Futuro. El impacto de la transformación digital en el mundo del trabajo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Piñeyro Prins ◽  
Guadalupe E. Estrada Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Way

We are witnessing how new technologies are radically changing the design of organizations, the way in which they produce and manage both their objectives and their strategies, and -above all- how digital transformation impacts the people who are part of it. Even today in our country, many organizations think that digitalizing is having a presence on social networks, a web page or venturing into cases of success in corporate social intranet. Others begin to invest a large part of their budget in training their teams and adapting them to the digital age. But given this current scenario, do we know exactly what the digital transformation of organizations means? It is necessary? Implying? Is there a roadmap to follow that leads to the success of this process? How are organizations that have been born 100% digital from their business conception to the way of producing services through the use of platforms? What role does the organizational culture play in this scenario? The challenge of the digital transformation of businesses and organizations, which is part of the paradigm of the industrial revolution 4.0, is happening here and now in all types of organizations, whether are they private, public or third sector. The challenge to take into account in this process is to identify the digital competences that each worker must face in order to accompany these changes and not be left out of it. In this sense, the present work seeks to analyze the main characteristics of the current technological advances that make up the digital transformation of organizations and how they must be accompanied by a digital culture and skills that allow their successful development. In order to approach this project, we will carry out an exploratory research, collecting data from the sector of new actors in the world of work such as employment platforms in its various areas (gastronomy, delivery, transportation, recreation, domestic service, etc) and an analysis of the main technological changes that impact on the digital transformation of organizations in Argentina.

The Daily Routine of Students in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Lilian Marques Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Technological Advances

The almost instantaneous access to information provided by technological advances has revolutionized the behavior of people and of the classrooms too. Teachers had to adapt themselves to new technologies to maintain students interested and attentive to the discipline being taught. In this work, the behavior of the students of the 6th grade of elementary school II during class was observed. The school chosen is a public school in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The research was based on data collection. The students were observed by being filmed during six months. The results showed that the students were interested in the classes and committed to the activities. The place that the student chooses to sit in the classroom influences the behavior of the teacher, because the more distant the teacher, the less he participates in the class.

scholarly journals Sustainable Supply Chains with Blockchain, IoT and RFID: A Simulation on Order Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6372
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Varriale ◽  
Antonello Cammarano ◽  
Francesca Michelino ◽  
Mauro Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Order Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The digital transformation of supply chains should revolutionize entire management processes and improve various aspects of sustainability. In particular, the plans of Industry 4.0 aim towards a digitization of several procedures by exploiting emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, RFID and blockchain. The purpose of this study is to highlight how order and disruption events processes can be improved with the adoption of emerging technologies and how this reflects on the improvement of sustainability aspects. The study is based on the comparison of two simulation scenarios between three actors in the cheese supply chain. In particular, a first traditional scenario “as is” is simulated without the use of new technologies and is compared to a second scenario “to be” that adopts IoT, RFID and blockchain. The results show an improvement in time performance for managing both perfect and non-compliant orders. The developed framework highlights the impact of new technologies on sustainability aspects, showing further managerial implications.

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