ICTs and Human Development in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
David Imhonopi ◽  
Ugochukwu Moses Urim ◽  
Friday Abaye Igbadumhe
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Corruption

ICTs have successfully changed the social, economic and political spaces globally. Through globalisation, ICTs have reduced the world to a global clan and assumed a cyclopean force driving human civilisation by the scruff. The impact of ICTs has virtually diffused through all sectors, forcing technological changes and creating a culture of dependence on technology. In Nigeria, the presence of ICTs has become ubiquitous and its knowledge has deepened. However, the use of ICTs for human development purposes has remained grossly limited. ICTs have only been co-opted for the creation of web portals, email addresses, B2B, B2C interactions and for inconsequential undertakings. The use of ICTs for educational and manpower development, knowledge transmission, health education, research and development, medical treatment and others for human development purposes is yet embryonic. This may not be unconnected with the byzantine socio-economic crises like spotty power supply, moribund infrastructure, witless political leadership, lack of priority in investments by the state, endemic official corruption and a host of challenges facing the Nigerian state. To assume a pole position in the present knowledge economy, Nigeria needs to find that nexus between ICTs and its human development needs. This study is cast against the backcloth of the Diffusion of Innovations and Human Development Theories which support the diffusion of ICT-enabled human development programmes in Nigeria to realise true development. This paper argues that the political leadership in Nigeria will benefit more at a fragment of the cost when it adopts ICTs in catalysing its human development programmes. In addition, resolving some of the embedded social and ethical problems facing the country will free resources for the government to invest massively in ICTs that could help it leap-frog its human development challenges and improve the lives of its citizens.

scholarly journals ‘Getting back to normality seems as big of a step as going into lockdown’: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with early to middle stage dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine V Talbot ◽  
Pam Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
The Government ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract People with dementia can experience shrinkage of their social worlds, leading to a loss of independence, control and reduced well-being. We used ‘the shrinking world’ theory to examine how the COVID 19 pandemic has impacted the lives of people with early to middle stage dementia and what longer-term impacts may result. Interviews were conducted with 19 people with dementia and a thematic analysis generated five themes: the forgotten person with dementia, confusion over government guidance, deterioration of cognitive function, loss of meaning and social isolation, safety of the lockdown bubble. The findings suggest that the pandemic has accelerated the ‘shrinking world’ effect and created tension in how people with dementia perceive the outside world. Participants felt safe and secure in lockdown but also missed the social interaction, cognitive stimulation and meaningful activities that took place outdoors. As time in lockdown continued, these individuals experienced a loss of confidence and were anxious about their ability to re-engage in the everyday practises that allow them to participate in society. We recommend ways in which the government, communities and organisations might counteract some of the harms posed by this shrinking world.

scholarly journals Improving maternal health services through social accountability interventions in Nepal: an analytical review of existing literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adweeti Nepal ◽  
Santa Kumar Dangol ◽  
Anke van der Kwaak
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The persistent quality gap in maternal health services in Nepal has resulted in poor maternal health outcomes. Accordingly, the Government of Nepal (GoN) has placed emphasis on responsive and accountable maternal health services and initiated social accountability interventions as a strategical approach simultaneously. This review critically explores the social accountability interventions in maternal health services in Nepal and its outcomes by analyzing existing evidence to contribute to the informed policy formulation process. Methods A literature review and desk study undertaken between December 2018 and May 2019. An adapted framework of social accountability by Lodenstein et al. was used for critical analysis of the existing literature between January 2000 and May 2019 from Nepal and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) that have similar operational context to Nepal. The literature was searched and extracted from database such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, and web search engines such as Google Scholar using defined keywords. Results The study found various social accountability interventions that have been initiated by GoN and external development partners in maternal health services in Nepal. Evidence from Nepal and other LMICs showed that the social accountability interventions improved the quality of maternal health services by improving health system responsiveness, enhancing community ownership, addressing inequalities and enabling the community to influence the policy decision-making process. Strong gender norms, caste-hierarchy system, socio-political and economic context and weak enforceability mechanism in the health system are found to be the major contextual factors influencing community engagement in social accountability interventions in Nepal. Conclusions Social accountability interventions have potential to improve the quality of maternal health services in Nepal. The critical factor for successful outcomes in maternal health services is quality implementation of interventions. Similarly, continuous effort is needed from policymakers to strengthen monitoring and regulatory mechanism of the health system and decentralization process, to improve access to the information and to establish proper complaints and feedback system from the community to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions. Furthermore, more study needs to be conducted to evaluate the impact of the existing social accountability interventions in improving maternal health services in Nepal.

The “Surge Phenomenon” of Macro Economy in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Lulu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Starting from the tobacco economy, this paper studies the “surge phenomenon” of macro-economy in developing countries. Methods: This paper studies the impact of tobacco industry on Anhui economy by using the relevant theories of industrial economics, econometrics and regulatory economics, combined with the actual situation of tobacco industry. Based on the analysis of the overall development of tobacco industry, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between tobacco industry and Anhui economic growth. This paper combs the relevant literature of the existing research results of this theory. Combined with the special fact that government investment accounts for a large proportion in China’s current economic construction, this paper redefines the hypothesis of the investor in the theory of principles. On this basis, the expected equilibrium results of enterprise investment decision-making under government led and market led modes are compared and analyzed by using incomplete information static game model. Results: When the output value of tobacco industry increases by 1%, it will drive the GDP to increase by 0.373%. Secondly, by comparing the economic benefits of tobacco with the social costs of tobacco, it is found that with the economic development, the social costs caused by tobacco increase year by year, but the economic benefits are slightly greater than the social costs. The difference between the two is also increasing year by year. Conclusion: In the context of tobacco control, we should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of developing the tobacco industry. Under the excessive intervention of the government, the manifestation of the surge phenomenon is more intense, and the final consequence of overcapacity is more serious than that under the market-oriented mode..

scholarly journals (The Impact of Traffic Accidents on Development: A Contemporary Accounting Perspective, Asir governorate as a model - Saudi Arabia (2006-2013: أثر حوادث المرور على التنمية نظرة محاسبية معاصرة محافظة (عسير) نموذجاً المملكة العربية السعودية (2006– 2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin Mohammed Ahmed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The traffic accidents in the high ways and towns are still increasing, their effect on the community development clearly seen. The control of this problem is highly significant. The analysis of the data and the information about the traffic accidents, their direct, indirect, a variables and continues cost represented in curing the injured, paying the Diya, the cost of the medical operations on behalf of the government and the relatives of the injured dealt with through the accounting view. This paper aimed at measuring the effect of traffic accidents in terms of money, to be use for the development of Accer province – South of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The overall cost of the traffic accidents in 2013 is 23 pillions Riyal. The percentage of the injured is 30% per family. The cost account of traffic accidents in Accer province is 1. 6 pillions Riyal. These sums of money could have been use for the development of the province. The paper recommends The direct, indirect, a variables and continues costs of the traffic accidents should give a due consideration The traffic administration should give a due consideration as well, to be minimizing the number of the traffic accidents. There should be decisive practical measures to stop these accidents.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES IN EDUCATION AND HEALTH SECTORS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mulia Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper in to assess the impact of financial inclusion and  government expenditures in education and health sectors in order to increase human development index. Government expenditures has important role to support economic growth and welfare for its people. Fiscal policy expenditures in education and health sectors are kind of significant government policy to increase human development. It is believed that financial inclusion has also important role  to reduce poverty and indirectly increase human development index. Financial inclusion  has positive impacts to human development index component along with government  expenditures in education and health sector. In the years ahead, The Government should prioritize and increase budget in order to increase human  resources quality in Indonesia.

Accounting for gaming in the time of plague: COVID-19 in Macau

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Noronha ◽  
Jieqi Guan ◽  
Sandy Hou In Sio
Keyword(s):  
Critical Event ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Account ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose While the COVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide, some studies have related the pandemic with various aspects of accounting and therefore emphasized the importance of accounting research in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on society as a whole. Recent studies have looked into such an impact on various industries such as retail and agriculture. The current study aims at applying a sociological framework, sociology of worth (SOW), to the gaming industry in Macau, the largest operator of state-allowed gambling and entertainment in China, which will allow for its development during the COVID-19 pandemic to be charted. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the theory of SOW as a framework and collects data from various sources, such as the government, gaming operators and the public, to create timelines and SOW frameworks to analyze the impact of the virus on the gaming industry and the society as a whole. Findings Detailed content analysis and the creation of different SOW matrices determined that the notion of a “lonely economy” during a time of a critical event may be ameliorated in the long term through compromises of the different worlds and actors of the SOW. Practical implications Though largely theory-based, this study offers a thorough account of the COVID-19 incident for both the government and the gaming industry to reflect on and to consider new ways to fight against degrowth caused by disasters or crises. Social implications The SOW framework divides society into different worlds of different worths. The current study shows how the worths of the different worlds are congruent during normal periods, and how cracks appear between them when a sudden crisis, such as COVID-19, occurs. The article serves as a social account of how these cracks are formed and how could they be resolved through compromise and reconstruction. Originality/value This study is a first attempt to apply SOW to a controversial industry (gaming) while the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing. It offers a significant contribution to the social accounting literature through its consideration of the combination of unprecedented factors in a well-timed study that pays close attention to analyses and theoretical elaboration.

A Comprehensive Study on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Machine Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Nagadevi Darapureddy ◽  
Muralidhar Kurni ◽  
Saritha K.
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Learning Capabilities ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Robotics

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to science-generating devices with functions like reasoning, thinking, learning, and planning. A robot is an intelligent artificial machine capable of sensing and interacting with its environment utilizing integrated sensors or computer vision. In the present day, AI has become a more familiar presence in robotic resolutions, introducing flexibility and learning capabilities. A robot with AI provides new opportunities for industries to produce work safer, save valuable time, and increase productivity. Economic impact assessment and awareness of the social, legal, and ethical problems of robotics and AI are essential to optimize the advantages of these innovations while minimizing adverse effects. The impact of AI and robots affects healthcare, manufacturing, transport, and jobs in logistics, security, retail, agri-food, and construction. The chapter outlines the vision of AI, robot's timeline, highlighting robot's limitations, hence embedding AI to robotic real-world applications to get an optimized solution.

scholarly journals Tax or Subsidy? Optimal Carbon Emission Policy: A Supply Chain Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Yin ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Lianmin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Cost

With a rigid requirement for environment protection, governments need to make appropriate policies to induce firms to adopt green technology in consideration of the rapidly increasing demand for environmentally friendly products. We investigated the government policy from the perspective of a supply chain, which consisted of the upstream government (she) and the downstream manufacturing firm (he). The government decided on the policy (tax or subsidy) to maximize the social welfare, while the firm decided on the greenness level of the product, which affects the consumers’ choice behavior and hence his own demand. Assuming else being equal, the government should adopt the tax policy if consumers are very sensitive to the greenness, the cost of greening is high, or the negative impact due to carbon emission is large, and subsidize the firm otherwise. We also conduct some numerical studies when price is endogenous. The main insights can be carried over.

scholarly journals The economics of altruistic punishment and the maintenance of cooperation

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1637) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Egas ◽  
Arno Riedl
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Altruistic Punishment ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Cost

Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and the social sciences. Recent findings suggest that altruistic punishment is an important mechanism maintaining cooperation among humans. We experimentally explore the boundaries of altruistic punishment to maintain cooperation by varying both the cost and the impact of punishment, using an exceptionally extensive subject pool. Our results show that cooperation is only maintained if conditions for altruistic punishment are relatively favourable: low cost for the punisher and high impact on the punished. Our results indicate that punishment is strongly governed by its cost-to-impact ratio and that its effect on cooperation can be pinned down to one single variable: the threshold level of free-riding that goes unpunished. Additionally, actual pay-offs are the lowest when altruistic punishment maintains cooperation, because the pay-off destroyed through punishment exceeds the gains from increased cooperation. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that punishment decisions come from an amalgam of emotional response and cognitive cost–impact analysis and suggest that altruistic punishment alone can hardly maintain cooperation under multi-level natural selection. Uncovering the workings of altruistic punishment as has been done here is important because it helps predicting under which conditions altruistic punishment is expected to maintain cooperation.

DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGES OF INDONESIA IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Nunik Nurhayati ◽  
Rohmad Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Democratic Life ◽  
The Impact

The era of social media today bring significant change to democracy in Indonesia. Social media can to bring the expansion of the public space in cyberspace, citizens can directly deliver aspirations regarding the state policy. However, on the other side, social media vulnerable to abuse because of many the anonymous account, which acts as the buzzer political influence public perceptions and to get political support but is not elegant way. This shows, social media provides a challenge to democracy, including Indonesia as a third largest country that has access to the social media in the world's. Based on it’s the problems, this research aims to identify the impact of the social media on democratic life, and how the challenges of democracy in Indonesia ahead in the social media today.This Research using qualitative methods. Data collection through the study of literature. Then analyzed with a critical discourse analysis. The results of the study showed that the impact of social media in Indonesia has brought problems such as hoax, which is currently a serious concern of the government. Attempts were made through the campaign against hoax and make regulation, Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law), which aims to regulate the use of social media and to prevent hoaxes. The life of democracy in Indonesia receive significant challenges,but of the repressive laws against users of social media may actually weaken the democratic life in Indonesia.

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