Nanotechnology and Microelectronics

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Ekekwe
Keyword(s):  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
Gross World Product ◽  
Over Time

For many centuries, the gross world product was flat. But as technology penetrated many economies, over time, the world economy has expanded. Technology will continue to shape the future of commerce, industry and culture with likes of nanotechnology and microelectronics directly or indirectly playing major roles in redesigning the global economic structures. These technologies will drive other industries and will be central to a new international economy where technology capability will determine national competitiveness. Technology-intensive firms will emerge and new innovations will evolve a new dawn in wealth creation. Nations that create or adopt and then diffuse these technologies will profit. Those that fail to use technology as a means to compete internationally will find it difficult to progress economically. This article provides insights on global technology diffusion, the drivers and impacts with specific focus on nanotechnology and microelectronics. It also discusses the science of these technologies along with the trends, realities and possibilities, and the barriers which must be overcome for higher global penetration rates.

Nanotechnology and Microelectronics

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Ekekwe
Keyword(s):  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
Gross World Product ◽  
Over Time

For many centuries, the gross world product was flat. But as technology penetrated many economies, over time, the world economy has expanded. Technology will continue to shape the future of commerce, industry and culture with likes of nanotechnology and microelectronics directly or indirectly playing major roles in redesigning the global economic structures. These technologies will drive other industries and will be central to a new international economy where technology capability will determine national competitiveness. Technology-intensive firms will emerge and new innovations will evolve a new dawn in wealth creation. Nations that create or adopt and then diffuse these technologies will profit. Those that fail to use technology as a means to compete internationally will find it difficult to progress economically. This chapter provides insights on global technology diffusion, the drivers and impacts with specific focus on nanotechnology and microelectronics. It also discusses the science of these technologies along with the trends, realities and possibilities, and the barriers which must be overcome for higher global penetration rates.

Capitalism and hegemony: Yorubaland and the international economy

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Laitin
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Economy ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
The World ◽  
International Openness

Certain relationships among hegemony, international openness, capitalism, and state formation are stipulated by Polanyi, Kindleberger, Gilpin, Krasner, and Wallerstein. Here they are put to question through an examination of the rise and fall of the Yoruba state in the 18th and 19th centuries. In contrast to what widely held theories would predict, the Yoruba state was strengthened through greater exposure to international commerce. Second, from the point of view of African traders, the rise of British hegemony meant a decline in freedom to trade. Third, although the remnants of the Yoruba state were on the periphery of the world economy, its traders were able to penetrate international markets, even during periods of international economic crisis, with considerable success. In light of these findings, some suggestions are made for the reformulation of conventional theories;

scholarly journals KEY PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
M. V. Milonova ◽  
S. V. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Further Development

The article discusses issues related to the general decline in the world economy on the background of coronavirus infection. The authors attempt to analyze the consequences of the introduction of quarantine and isolation for the population of most countries, as a measure to constrain the pandemic. The article presents changes in the gross domestic product of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, and a special place there is given to Russia. The authors also consider the crucial changes in the international pension system and suggest possible solutions to this problem. The article puts forward and substantiates the hypothesis that the reasons for such a significant drop in the economy include hard economic problems formed long before the pandemic. This includes an analysis of the recession on the income of large international corporations included in the S & P 500 international index. This article identifies the main key problems of the international economy and suggests the main ways to solve them. It also provides a forecast of further development of the economic situation, with regard to the current state.

scholarly journals BRAIN INJURY: MEDICO-SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS. Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
S.V. Ziablitsev ◽  
T.I. Panova ◽  
S.V. Kolesnikova ◽  
O.V. Nahornyi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Gross World Product

The review provides up-to-date data on the medico-social significance and scientific aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in particular, the processes of neuroinflammation and the development of autoimmune reactions. According to the results of the analysis of open literature (PumMed database), it is established that among persons of working age, TBI holds the first place in the mortality structure, which is 2-3 times higher in Ukraine than similar indicators of economically developed countries. Each year, TBI costs the world economy about $ 400 billion, which is 0.5% of the gross world product. From a scientific point of view, TBI can be regarded as a continuous, possibly lifelong, process that affects multiple organ systems and can be a cause of traumatic disease. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of TBI that successively change each other (necrosis, axonal damage, gliosis/microgliosis, apoptosis, demyelinization and neuroregeneration) are highlighted.

scholarly journals Strategic Investment in an International Infrastructure Capital: Nonlinear Equilibrium Paths in a Dynamic Game between Two Symmetric Countries

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Akihiko Yanase ◽  
Ngo Van Long
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
National Welfare ◽  
Over Time

This paper develops a two-country model of intra-industry trade with trade costs that can be reduced by public investment in an international infrastructure capital, the stock of which accumulates over time. Depending on the trade costs and international distribution of manufacturing firms, equilibrium patterns of trade are determined, and national welfare in each country is affected by these trade patterns. Taking into account the relationship between trade costs and national welfare, the governments carry out a dynamic game of public investment. We show that the dynamic equilibrium of the policy game may exhibit history dependency; if the initial stock of international infrastructure is smaller (larger) than a threshold level, the infrastructure stock decreases (increases) over time, and the world economy will end up in autarky (two way free trade) in the long run. We also show that international cooperation is beneficial in the sense that it may enable the world economy to escape from a “low development trap”.

How Did Communist Regimes Differ from Each Other?

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
George W. Breslauer
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Joseph Stalin ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Movement ◽  
Over Time

The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, and his successors’ decision to eliminate the use of mass terror and to improve the population’s standard of living, led to a variety of responses over time to the “de-Stalinization” of Soviet governance and of relations within the world communist movement. The responses included worker rebellions, full-scale revolution, democratization from below, democratization from within the communist party, retention of Stalinist despotism, and transformation of the economic system (to “market Leninism”) and integration into the capitalist international economy.

Annex I. The Open Arbitrage Forecast: or Why the Dollar Must Drop

1989 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

We have adopted the practice of constructing our forecasts by assuming:- (1)Exchange rates follow the open arbitrage path, with some allowance for risk factors which may change over time.(2)Our model is an adequate description of the world economy, and that the views embedded in it are shared by participants in the market.

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