A Generic Framework for Feature Representations in Image Categorization Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Adam Csapo ◽  
Barna Resko ◽  
Morten Lind ◽  
Peter Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Perspective

The computerized modeling of cognitive visual information has been a research field of great interest in the past several decades. The research field is interesting not only from a biological perspective, but also from an engineering point of view when systems are developed that aim to achieve similar goals as biological cognitive systems. This article introduces a general framework for the extraction and systematic storage of low-level visual features. The applicability of the framework is investigated in both unstructured and highly structured environments. In a first experiment, a linear categorization algorithm originally developed for the classification of text documents is used to classify natural images taken from the Caltech 101 database. In a second experiment, the framework is used to provide an automatically guided vehicle with obstacle detection and auto-positioning functionalities in highly structured environments. Results demonstrate that the model is highly applicable in structured environments, and also shows promising results in certain cases when used in unstructured environments.

A Generic Framework for Feature Representations in Image Categorization Tasks

2012 ◽  
pp. 491-512
Author(s):  
Adam Csapo ◽  
Barna Resko ◽  
Morten Lind ◽  
Peter Baranyi ◽  
Domonkos Tikk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Unstructured Environments

The computerized modeling of cognitive visual information has been a research field of great interest in the past several decades. The research field is interesting not only from a biological perspective, but also from an engineering point of view when systems are developed that aim to achieve similar goals as biological cognitive systems. This paper introduces a general framework for the extraction and systematic storage of low-level visual features. The applicability of the framework is investigated in both unstructured and highly structured environments. In a first experiment, a linear categorization algorithm originally developed for the classification of text documents is used to classify natural images taken from the Caltech 101 database. In a second experiment, the framework is used to provide an automatically guided vehicle with obstacle detection and auto-positioning functionalities in highly structured environments. Results demonstrate that the model is highly applicable in structured environments, and also shows promising results in certain cases when used in unstructured environments.

Object Categorization Using Biologically Inspired Nodemaps and the HITEC Categorization System

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-580
Author(s):  
Adam Csapo ◽  
◽  
Barna Resko ◽  
Domonkos Tikk ◽  
Peter Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Categorization System

The computerized modeling of cognitive visual information has been a research field of great interest in the past several decades. The research field is interesting not only from a biological perspective, but also from an engineering point of view when systems are developed that aim to achieve similar goals as biological cognitive systems. This paper briefly describes a general framework for the extraction and systematic storage of low-level visual features, and demonstrates its applicability in image categorization using a linear categorization algorithm originally developed for the characterization of text documents. The performance of the algorithm together with the newly developed feature array was evaluated using the Caltech 101 database. Extremely high (95% and higher) success rates were achieved when distinguishing between pairs of categories using independent test images. Efforts were made to scale up the number of categories using a hierarchical, branch-and-bound decision tree, with limited success.

scholarly journals KONSEPSI TENTANG TUHAN DALAM TEKS AKSARA SWARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesti Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Script Language ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Universe

Aksara swara termasuk di dalam klasifikasi bunyi bahasa, yakni bunyi vokal. Aksara swara adalah suatu sistem lambang grafis atau lambang bunyi (aksara) yang digunakan untuk menuliskan bahasa Jawa. Jumlah aksara Jawa ada 6, yaitu a – i – u – e [e, æ] – o – e [ǝ]. Penulisan dengan Aksara swara telah berhasil mendokumentasikan dan mengabadikan ajaran konsepsi tentang Tuhan bernuansa rasa kejawen melalui naskah Serat Kridhasastra karya Mas Ngabei Mangunwijaya yang berisi salah satunya adalah teks Aksara Swara.Tulisan ini berusaha menyajikan suatu gagasan yang berhubungan dengan ajaran konsepsi tentang Tuhan. Gagasan mengangkat kembali ajaran konsepsi tentang Tuhan itu disajikan melalui kajian deskriptif terhadap teks berjudul Aksara Swara.Pengkajian teks berjudul Aksara Swara karya Mas Ngabei Mangunwijaya diharapkan dapat memahami makna teks bagi masyarakat pada zamannya, yakni pada masa lampau sebagai sejarah, dan pada masa kini sebagai pemertahanan eksistensi ajaran atau piwulang, dalam hal ini konsepsi tentang Tuhan serta pada masa yang akan datang sebagai dokumentasi dan pelestarian mengenai ajaran konsepsi tentang Tuhan terdiri atas (1) Tuhan sebagai  Af’al atau Pencipta alam semesta, (2) Keberadaan Tuhan, (3) Tuhan sebagai Sumber Kehidupan makhluk, (4) Kekuasaan Tuhan, dan (5) Sirrullah yang tersimpan dalam teks tersebut. Selanjutnya, pada masa kini dan masa nanti makna teks tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengungkap dan melestarikan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa sebagai pembentukan akhlak dan kepribadian manusia secara religius.Kata kunci: konsepsi tentang Tuhan, Aksara Swara AbstractAksara Swara included in the classification of the sounds of language, which sounds vokal. Vowel script is a graphic emblem or symbol system sound (characters) used to write Java script language. There are 6 vowel script, namely a - i - u - e [e, æ ] - o - e [ǝ] . The process of writting of vowel script successfully documented and perpetuate the theory construct about God in Javanese point of view through manuscript Serat Kridhasastra by Mas Ngabei Mangunwijaya containing one of which is a text Aksara Swara.This paper tries to present an idea that relates with the theory construct about God. The idea reappoint the theory construct about God was presented through a descriptive study of the text entitled Aksara Swara.Assessment of the text titled Aksara Swara by Mas Ngabei Mangunwijaya expected to understand the meaning of the text for the people of his time, which in the past as history, and today as the retention of the existence of the doctrine or piwulang, in this case the conception of Tuhan and in the future as the documentation and preservation of the theory construct about God of the above (1) God as the creator of the universe Af'al or, (2) existence of God, (3) God as being the source of life, (4) Power of God, and (5) Sirrullah stored in the text. Furthermore, in the present and future meaning of the text later can be used to uncover and preserve the cultural values of Java as the formation of human character and personality religiously.Keywords: the theory construct about God, Aksara Swara

scholarly journals Real-Time and Accurate Drone Detection in a Video with a Static Background

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulzhalgas Seidaliyeva ◽  
Daryn Akhmetov ◽  
Lyazzat Ilipbayeva ◽  
Eric T. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
High Processing Speed ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
High Processing

With the increasing number of drones, the danger of their illegal use has become relevant. This has necessitated the creation of automatic drone protection systems. One of the important tasks solved by these systems is the reliable detection of drones near guarded objects. This problem can be solved using various methods. From the point of view of the price–quality ratio, the use of video cameras for a drone detection is of great interest. However, drone detection using visual information is hampered by the large similarity of drones to other objects, such as birds or airplanes. In addition, drones can reach very high speeds, so detection should be done in real time. This paper addresses the problem of real-time drone detection with high accuracy. We divided the drone detection task into two separate tasks: the detection of moving objects and the classification of the detected object into drone, bird, and background. The moving object detection is based on background subtraction, while classification is performed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can achieve an accuracy comparable to existing approaches at high processing speed. We also concluded that the main limitation of our detector is the dependence of its performance on the presence of a moving background.

VISUAL ASPECTS OF THE CHRONOTOPE: "THE ISLAND OF ISRAEL" AND "THE ROAD TO ISRAEL" BY A. GORODNITSKY

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Viktoria Ya. Malkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Organization

The paper analyzes two works by A. Gorodnitsky – the poem “The Island of Israel” (1993) and the song “The Road to Israel” (2007), from the point of view of spatial and temporal organization, as well as visual imagery, with the help of which the artistic world of works is depicted. Thus, the main purpose of the article is to analyze the visual features of the Israel chronotope in the two designated works. For this, firstly, the space, time and visual imagery in the poem and in the song are analyzed in detail. Then observations and conclusions are systematized and compared with the audiovisual representation of these works in the film by A. Gorodnitsky and N. Kasperovich “Atlantes hold the sky” (episode 14). As a result, conclusions are drawn about the peculiarities of the visual organization of the chronotope of Israel in these poems by A. Gorodnitsky, based on the concept of the chronotope of M.M. Bakhtin. The visual chronotope is primarily made of space through which time is also visible, and therefore the chronotope as a whole. Other features of the chronotope are associated with the cyclical organization of time, the combination of the past and the future, as well as the real and imaginary world of the lyric subject.

scholarly journals ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STREPTOTHRICES, PARTICULARLY IN THEIR RELATION TO BACTERIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith J. Claypole
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Real Relation ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Common Genus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mixed Types

It is impossible from any point of view, morphological, biological or serological, to draw a sharp dividing line in this series. The forms change gradually from the mycelial organism to the bacillary, acid-fast organism. It is biologically a group complex and should be so considered. No doubt experiments with a larger series of species would yield results giving a possibility of closer classification and the introduction of some of the forms now in a debatable position, as Bacillus diphtheriæ and Bacillus mallei, and other organisms, sometimes called, on account of their morphological irregularities, corynebacterium and mycobacterium, would help to show their real relation to both the Streptothrices and the true bacteria. The latter in many ways are acknowledged to be far from primitive; their endospores, flagella, and food habits all indicate a relatively high degree of specialization. Hence it would seem biologically more reasonable to look upon this group of Streptothrices with their variable morphology and close relationships as representing the ancestral type that gave rise to both the higher fungi and true bacteria, and not as being themselves higher bacteria. The various bacteria, other than the acid-fast forms, can readily have arisen from the non-acid-fast bacillary types, or even as non-acid-fast specializations of the mixed types. All the various forms shown at present by the bacteria,—cocci, spirilla, bacilli, etc.,—either separate or in chains and masses, are to be recognized in this group, and specializations in one or another line in the past would readily have given rise to the types we consider true bacteria. The processes of evolution have carried them far away from the parent stock and made them into this group. The recognition of this group complex and of the intermediate forms indicates clearly the past history and present relations of these interesting organisms. These relations may be represented by the following scheme. See PDF for Structure It is probable that the relation between the acid-fast organisms and the Streptothrices is a closer one than that between the Streptothrices and the bacteria, perhaps close enough to warrant a common genus for both.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

LEGAL, MORAL AND ETHICAL SIDE OF THE OFFENSE, DISCREDITING HONOR EMPLOYEE THE PENAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
OKSANA KOCHKINA ◽  
◽  
OLGA MARCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Correction System

The article examines the legal and moral and ethical aspects of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system. The considered reason for dismissal has the main feature associated with the integration of legal and moral norms, which often raises a lot of questions about the attribution of a particular offense to this basis. Using the analysis of normative legal acts, the authors attempt to identify the signs that contribute to the separation of the studied grounds for dismissal from all their diversity. The classification of offenses that discredit the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system is presented, which allows to systematize and organize the knowledge obtained about the considered grounds for dismissal. The analysis of a misdemeanor that defames the honor of an employee of the penal system from a moral and ethical position gives an understanding, first of all, that it does not have a clear regulation from the point of view of the law, but the consequences of committing such a misdemeanor are clearly legal. The concepts of “honor” and “dignity” are considered as ethical categories and are analyzed as personal qualities that are manifested in an employee of the penal correction system during the period of service. These categories in the behavior of a person or employee are manifested both externally (assessment from the outside) and internally (self-assessment). The article describes the value orientation of an employee of the criminal Executive system to ethical standards in professional activity, which is an integral part of the moral and ethical side of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee.

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