scholarly journals Efficiency of the use of ryegrass by heifers in response to the receival of supplement

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Laila Arruda Ribeiro ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Maria José De Oliveira Sichonany ◽  
Mônique Foggiato da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Leaf Lifespan ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
B Efficiency

The intensity and frequency of defoliation of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by beef heifers exclusively grazing or receiving corn grain or extruded commercial product with fat as supplement were evaluated. The grazing method was put-and-take stocking. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, three treatments and two area replications. The phyllochron of ryegrass was 140.1 and 303.4°GD the leaf lifespan. The intensity (67.0 %) and the frequency of defoliation (6.4 days) were similar, regardless of supply or no of energetic supplement for grazing heifers. The defoliation frequency indicates that the heifers can return about 3.3 times to the same tiller during the leaf lifespan. Considering the different categories of leaf blades, the supply of extruded fat causes the heifers to remove higher proportion (66.5 %) of expanding leaf blades. On ryegrass pasture, the efficiency of forage use is not modified when heifers receive energetic supplement.  

scholarly journals Leaf tissue flows and defoliation patterns of Alexandergrass grazed by heifers receiving energy supplement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44902
Author(s):  
Paula De Oliveira Severo ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Mateus Negrini ◽  
Amanda Carneiro Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers

The study was carried out to evaluate defoliation patterns and to quantify leaf tissue flows in Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link.) Hitch) grazed by beef heifers receiving whole rice bran in three levels of supplementation (0, 0.5 and 1 % of body weight). A rotational stocking grazing method and two area replications were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement. The supply of rice bran to heifers grazing Alexandergrass increased the stocking rate by 13%. Regardless of the feeding system, the heifers grazed the expanding leaf blades in the top stratum of the canopy more frequently compared to other types of leaf. Leaf tissue flows, leaf blade intake and grazing intensity have not been changed by supplement fed.

scholarly journals Effect of herbage allowances on biomass flows in Italian ryegrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Arnhold Graminho ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Aline Tatiane Nunes da Rosa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Similar Growth

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the leaf tissue flows in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in different phenological stages, grazed by lambs, and managed under three herbage allowances (6, 9 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight under rotational stocking method. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures arrangement. Forage allowances determined similar growth and intake flows, actual and potential utilization efficiencies of grass and they were different in the phenological stages of Italian ryegrass. The intake of leaf blade, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in the 12% herbage allowance. Considering leaf tissue flows, Italian ryegrass can be managed in forage allowances that vary between 6 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight.

Asymmetrical Transfer: An Inherent Weakness of Repeated-Measure Drug Experiments

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Millar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
State Dependent Learning ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Dependent Learning ◽  
Order Of Administration

SummaryWhen subjects act as their own controls in drug experiments there is a risk of asymmetrical transfer between treatment conditions, with the result that treatment effects are determined largely by order of administration. In such cases the effect of a drug may be reduced or exaggerated, and prior treatment with a drug may affect placebo conditions. Asymmetrical transfer is probably much more common than is generally realized. Suggested causes include inadequate wash-out between treatments, state-dependent learning, adoption of learning strategies, and practice effects. The problem is illustrated by the re-analysis of a paper on the effects of benzhexol on memory, published recently in this journal (Potamianos and Kellet, 1982). The advantages of separate-group experimental design are reconsidered.

scholarly journals BEZERRAS DE CORTE INFECTADAS NATURALMENTE COM PARASITAS GASTRINTESTINAIS – EPIDEMIOLOGIA E TRATAMENTO SELETIVO

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. MOLENTO ◽  
M. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. GUTERRES ◽  
J. ROMAN ◽  
F. FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Group I ◽  
Parasite Challenge

A severidade das infecções parasitárias depende em grande parte da quantidade e do tipo de parasita presente e do estado nutricional dos animais. O objetivo deste experimento foi associar o efeito da suplementação protéica e pastagem de alta qualidade com diferenças na resposta ao desafio parasitário em 36 novilhas de oito meses, naturalmente infectadas, durante 120 dias. Grupo I: pastagem (Avena strigosa e Lolium multiflorum); Grupo II: pastagem e níveis crescentes de suplemento (Triticum aestivum, farelo de trigo) de 0,3 a 1,5% do peso vivo (PV); Grupo III: pastagem e suplemento a 0,9% do PV e Grupo IV: pastagem e níveis decrescentes de suplemento. O grau de infecção parasitária foi determinado através da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. Animais com OPG acima de 600 foram tratados com levamisole (Ripercol®, Fort Dodge). A coprocultura revelou os gêneros Cooperia spp. e Trichostrongylus spp. O ganho de peso, o escore corporal e o nível parasitário foi semelhante entre os grupos. Foram administradas 24 doses de anti-helmíntico com baixo grau de repetibilidade dos animais. Determinou-se que o tratamento seletivo pode ser aplicado quando os animais dispõem de pastagem de alta qualidade e com baixo desafio parasitário, independente de suplementação alimentar. Naturally infected beef heifers with gastrintestinal parasites – epidemiology and selective treatment Abstract The severity of parasite infections depends in part by the number and the parasite species as well as on the nutritional status of the host. The objective of this work was to determine the association between protein supplement and good quality pasture with parasite challenge infection in 36 naturally infected, 8 months old beef heifers during 120 days. Group I: pasture (Avena strigosa and Lolium multiflorum); Group II: pasture plus increasing levels of supplement (Triticum aestivum, wheat bran) from 0.3 to 1.5% of live weight (LW); Group III: pasture plus 0.9% LW of supplement; Group IV: pasture plus decreasing levels of supplement. Parasite infection was determined through fecal egg counts (EPG) and coproculture. All animals with EPG above 600 were treated with levamisole (Ripercol®, Fort Dodge). Coproculture displayed Cooperia sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. Weight gain, body condition score and parasite levels were similar among all groups. Twenty-four doses of the anthelmintic were administered with low animal repeatability. It was determined that the selective treatment may be used when animals have access to good quality pasture and a low parasite challenge, independently of the supplement offered.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Lisete Glienke ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Dalton Roso ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Vagner Guasso da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Displacement Patterns

The effect of supplementation on ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers grazing on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture was evaluated. The grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures on time. The supplement utilized was a commercial ration (17% CP, 21.4% NDF), daily supplied at 2 pm, in the proportion of 1% of body weight. The evaluations were made through visual observations, in four continuous periods of 24 hours. There was no difference in the bite rate between heifers with and without supplement and bite rate was higher at the end of the period of pasture utilization. Supplemented animals increased bite mass. The number of stations/minute, bites/station and the displacement patterns was influenced by forage changes along the occupation period. The ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of heifers are modified by supplementation and structural variation of the grass along its biological cycle. In the reproductive stage of Italian ryegrass, grazing time, daily number of bites and, feeding stations and time for station are similar between not supplemented and supplemented heifers.

scholarly journals Group Counseling with Values Clarification Techniques to Increase Students' Respect

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
I Made Sonny Gunawan ◽  
Made Gunawan ◽  
Khairul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Group Counselling

Individuals must own respect because it can be an internal controller in making logical decisions to behave by moral values. This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the values clarification group counselling on respect. This study used a repeated measure experimental design. The subjects in this study were 10 students at SMK Negeri 2 Mataram who indicated having a low category of respect. Data were collected using a respectful attitude questionnaire. Data analysis used repeated measure statistics ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that values clarification group counselling is effective in increasing student respect. Students' understanding regarding respect is inseparable from how to create good relationships between students and teachers as a form of creating a healthy and conducive school climate.

scholarly journals Fiber composition and digestibility of fodder in different ryegrass fields submitted to different harvesting management systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1535-1544
Author(s):  
M. Neumann ◽  
A. Dochwat ◽  
L.C. Santos ◽  
A.M. Souza ◽  
R.K. Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Management System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Plant Components

ABSTRACT This essay aims to evaluate the composition of fiber in neutral detergent, digestibility of plant components, as well as ruminal disappearance rate of fodder dry matter from five ryegrass fields submitted to different cut systems for the production of haylage. The experimental design was the randomized blocks one, at a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with five cultivars (cv.) of ryegrass Lolium multiflorum (cv. Barjumbo, cv. BarHQ, cv. Ribeye, cv. Potro and cv. Willians) associated with three harvesting management systems: 1- single harvesting system at a pre-floral stage; 2 - double harvesting system, with a cut at vegetative stage and another at pre-floral stage; and 3 - triple harvesting system, with a cut at vegetative stage, a cut at full vegetative stage and a cut at pre-floral stage, with three repetitions each. Similarities were noticed on the results of fodder digestibility of different fields, however, cv. Potro presented a higher ruminal disappearance rate after 48 hours, with 69.27%. Generally, the harvesting management system with the increase of ryegrass cut frequency determined increments on the percentage of lignin and the reduction in the concentration of total nutrients and dry matter digestibility of the resulting hylage.

scholarly journals Tillering dynamics of Alexandergrass pasture under nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049-2056
Author(s):  
T.L. Bergoli ◽  
M.G. Rocha ◽  
L. Pötter ◽  
P.R. Salvador ◽  
M.J.O. Sichonany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tiller Density

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on tillering dynamics of Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) grazed by beef heifers in a rotational stocking grazing method. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design following a repeated measure arrangement, three levels of nitrogen (Zero, 150 and 300kg ha-1) and two area repetition. The classification of tillers into categories (basal and axillary) showed a greater number of basal tillers, due to their higher appearance rate, in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization promoted higher axillary tiller density. The use of nitrogen promotes the renewal of axillary tillers of Alexandergrass, without compromising the stability of the tiller population.

scholarly journals Biofertilizer in the control of the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus in sugarcane crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Grasiele Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Anderli Divina Ferreira Rios ◽  
Rafael Matias da Silva ◽  
Wilian Henrique Diniz Buso ◽  
Denise Rodrigues Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Biofertilizers can also be used as plague and disease control agents. The commercial product Microgeo® is a biological biofertilizer rich in microorganisms. Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the interaction between biofertilizer and nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Microgeo® biological fertilizer to control the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus in two sugarcane cultivars. The work was carried out in greenhouse conditions with a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), in a triple factorial scheme (2 x 2 x 4), being two types of sugar cane (CTC 04 and CTC 9003), two types of management of the biofertilizer (Management 1: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode at 0 days after transplanting (DAT), management 2: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode in the roots of the plant 30 days later) and four doses of the liquid biofertilizer Microgeo® (0 L ha‑1; 150 L ha-1; 300 L ha-1; 450 L ha-1), with four replications. 800 specimens of P. brachyurus were inoculated in each experimental plot. The results showed that cultivating CTC 9003 during the conduct of the experiment showed greater susceptibility to the nematode compared to cultivating CTC 04. The biofertilizer Microgeo® showed no curative or preventive effect on the control of the nematode under the conditions of the experiment.

scholarly journals Grazing behavior of non-supplemented and supplemented heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Da Silva Hampel ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Sheila Cristina Bosco Stivanin ◽  
Marcos Bernardino Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
Corn Grain

We evaluated the grazing behavior of heifers, at two phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive) of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in four times of the day (early morning, morning, evening, and night), with heifers either exclusively grazing or with oat, or corn grain, supplementation. The experimental design was completely randomized, in sub-subdivided plot arrangement, in which the main plots were the feeding systems, the sub-plots were the phenological stages and the sub-sub-plots were the times of day. We assessed ingestion behavior along 24 hours through visual observation, on four evaluation dates, two during the vegetative stage and two during the reproductive stage, studying time spent on grazing, rumination, or other activities, as well as number and duration of, and interval between meals. Supplemented heifers remained less time at a feeding station, performed fewer bites daily and, during the reproductive stage of the ryegrass, spent more time in other activities. Grazing time of supplemented heifers was shorter in the morning and at night, and the duration of their meals was shorter at night. A change occurred in the pattern of time use when heifers received supplement, and when the structural and qualitative characteristics of the pasture changed during the vegetative and reproductive phenological stages of ryegrass.

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