scholarly journals Milk-clotting proteases from Pleurotus albidus: an innovative alternative for the production of Minas frescal cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e57275
Author(s):  
Salomão Rocha Martim ◽  
Larissa Svetlana Cavalcante Silva ◽  
Mircella Marialva Alecrim ◽  
Lorisa Simas Teixeira ◽  
Maria Francisca Simas Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Milk Clotting ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Stability Effect

Pleurotus albidus, a naturally growing species in the Amazon region, has been considered a promising source of milk-clotting proteases. The production of such enzymes using lignocellulosic residues is a sustainable alternative to replace mammalian rennet. The application of P. albidus milk-clotting proteases in cheese making has not yet been reported in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to characterize the milk-clotting proteases of P. albidus and use these enzymes in the production of Minas frescal cheese. For the production of coagulating proteases, the mushroom was grown in açaí seeds supplemented with rice bran (10%, w/w). The parameters affecting the production of coagulant, such as inoculum size, fermentation time, initial pH of cultivation medium and age of the inoculum were evaluated. The coagulant extract obtained under optimal production conditions was evaluated for optimal pH and temperature, pH and temperature stability, effect of ions and inhibitors. Significant production of coagulating proteases was obtained under the following conditions: inoculum size (2.5%), fermentation time (10 days), initial pH of the cultivation medium (6), and inoculum age (10 days). The coagulant exhibited significant catalytic activity in pH 5.0 at 55°C, with stability at 45°C and was completely inhibited by iodoacetic acid. The milk-clotting proteases of P. albidus were efficient for making Minas frescal cheese that presented 55.0% of moisture, 20.0% of lipids and 17.20% of protein. Pleurotus albidus is a potential source of milk-clotting proteases that can be applied in dairy industry for production of fresh Minas frescal cheese.

scholarly journals Production, characterization, and antitumor efficiency of l-glutaminase from halophilic bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Zakaria Gomaa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation

Abstract Background Halophiles are an excellent source of enzymes that are not only salt stable, but also can withstand and carry out reaction efficiently under extreme conditions. l-glutaminase has attracted much attention with respect to proposed applications in several fields such as pharmaceuticals and food industries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activity of l-glutaminase produced by halophilic bacteria. Various halophilic bacterial strains were screened for extracellular l-glutaminase production. An attempt was made to study the optimization, purification, and characterization of l-glutaminase from Bacillus sp. DV2-37. The antitumor activity of the produced enzyme was also investigated. Results The potentiality of 15 halophilic bacterial strains isolated from the marine environment that produced extracellular l-glutaminase was investigated. Bacillus sp. DV2-37 was selected as the most potent strain and optimized for enzyme production. The optimization of fermentation process revealed that the highest enzyme activity (47.12 U/ml) was observed in a medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) glucose as a carbon source, 1% (w/v) peptone as a nitrogen source, 5% (w/v) NaCl, the initial pH was 7.0, at 37 °C, using 20% (v/v) inoculum size after 96 h of incubation. The produced crude enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Of the various parameters tested, pH 7, 40 °C, and 5% NaCl were found to be the best for l-glutaminase activity. The enzyme also exhibited high salt and temperature stability. The antitumor effect against human breast (MCF-7), hepatocellular (HepG-2), and colon (HCT-116) carcinoma cell lines revealed that l-glutaminase produced by Bacillus sp. DV2-37 showed potent cytotoxic activity of all the tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.5, 3.4, and 3.8 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions The present study proved that l-glutaminase produced by marine bacteria holds proper features and it has a high potential to be useful for many therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Improvement of lipase production from Geotrichum sp. in shaken flasks

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resende Maldonadoa ◽  
Luiz Pancieraa ◽  
Alves Macedob ◽  
Marcio Mazuttic ◽  
Francisco Maugeria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Inoculum Volume ◽  
Steep Liquor

This work is focused on the study of different variables on inoculum build-up aiming to improve the lipase production by Geotrichum sp. by means a sequential strategy of experimental design. The effects of inoculum size, corn steep liquor concentration, volume of inoculum, pH of medium, age of inoculum and soybean oil concentration on lipase activity were assessed by means of two factorial experimental designs. A maximum lipase activity of 35.20?0.8 U/mL was obtained with a inoculum composed of one circular area of 0.78cm2 containing spores, 50 mL of inoculum volume medium, 12 hours of inoculum age, 15% w/v of corn steep liquor concentration, 1.0%w/v of soybean oil concentration and initial pH 5.0 at 30?C and 150 rpm in flasks. This work showed that an enhancement of lipase activity can be obtained using a sequential statistical factorial approach to define the variables for inoculum build-up.

scholarly journals Liquid Fermentation of Ganoderma applanatum and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharides

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
LIU Zhong-hua ◽  
HOU Xiao-ge ◽  
Zhao Jin-hui ◽  
HE Le
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Liquid Fermentation ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Soy Powder

The medium composition and fermentation conditions of Ganoderma applanatum(GA) strain were optimized by the liquid shake flask fermentation, and the antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides was investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of the liquid fermentation of GA strain were as follows: Carbon source was corn powder, nitrogen source was soy powder, the initial pH was 6.0, the inoculum size was 8％, the fermentation temperature was 32oC, the fermentation time was 7 d. The exopolysaccharides of GA strain could scavenge hydroxyl radicals(HR) and superoxide anion radicals(SAR), and the concentration of exopolysaccharides was positively related to the antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Liquid Fermentation of Ganoderma applanatum and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharides

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIU Zhong-hua ◽  
HOU Xiao-ge ◽  
Zhao Jin-hui ◽  
HE Le
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Liquid Fermentation ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Soy Powder

The medium composition and fermentation conditions of Ganoderma applanatum(GA) strain were optimized by the liquid shake flask fermentation, and the antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides was investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of the liquid fermentation of GA strain were as follows: Carbon source was corn powder, nitrogen source was soy powder, the initial pH was 6.0, the inoculum size was 8％, the fermentation temperature was 32oC, the fermentation time was 7 d. The exopolysaccharides of GA strain could scavenge hydroxyl radicals(HR) and superoxide anion radicals(SAR), and the concentration of exopolysaccharides was positively related to the antioxidant activity.

Fermentation of Brewers’ Spent Grain by Effective Microorganisms to Produce Proteins Feed

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1980-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ding ◽  
Zhao Xia Li ◽  
Bo Fang ◽  
Jin Long Yan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Protein Feed

Deep fermentation of brewer's spent grain (BSG) can improve its feeding effectiveness, and it is also an effective way to solve the problem of shortage of proteins source. The interrelated factors affecting the productivity of proteins in fermentation process by effective microorganisms (EM), such as inoculum size, temperature, initial pH and time, were studied and the technique to produce protein feed was also optimized by a serial of single factors and orthogonal design tests. Results showed that the optimal conditions were 4 % of inoculum size, 28 °C of fermentation temperature, 4.0 of initial pH and 3 d of the fermentation time. Under the obtained optimum fermentation conditions, the content of crude proteins increased by 24.48 % and the content of crude fiber decreased by 17.45 % compared with the control experiment. The increased content of proteins indicated the added-value products in animal feed and the significance in its disposal as an environmental problem.

scholarly journals Biotechnological process of chitin recovery from shrimp waste using Lactobacillus plantarum NCDN4

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Thanh Ha Le ◽  
Thi Ha Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Initial Ph

Chitin in shrimp waste is tightly associated with proteins, lipids, pigments and mineral deposits. Therefore, these source materials have to be pretreated to remove these components. For a long time, chemical process has been used widely for extraction of chitin from shrimp waste. The chemical process however led to severe environmental damage and low chitin quality. The biological process has been shown promising to replace the harsh chemical process to reduce the environment impact. In our previous study chitin recovery from sterilized shrimp waste by Lactobacillus plantarum NCDN4 was investigated. However in large scale it is uneconomical to sterilize the shrimp waste. For that reason, in this study the microbial process using Lactobacillus plantarum NCDN4 for chitin recovery from unsterilezed shrimp waste has been investigated. Factors affecting the demineralization by this strain such as inoculum size, glucose concentration, initial pH, NaCl concentration and fermentation time were investigated. It was found that when unsterilized shrimp waste fermented with 20% L. plantarum inoculum, 12,5% glucose, and pH 6 for 4 days at 30°C, 99. 28% demineralization and 48.65% deproteination could be achieved. The ash and protein content of fermented residues were 1.33% and 22.46% respectively. Compared to sterilized condition the efficiency of demineralization and deproteination was similar. Chitin trong phế liệu tôm liên kết chặt chẽ với protein, sắc tố và khoáng. Do vậy để thu được chitin cần có các bước tiền xử lí để loại các thành phần không phải chitin ra. Phương pháp hóa học được sử dụng rộng rãi từ lâu để tiền xử lí chitin. Tuy nhiên do phương pháp hóa học gây hại cho môi trường và tạo ra chitin chất lượng thấp, các nhà khoa học nỗ lực nghiên cứu tìm ra các phương pháp thay thế. Phương pháp sinh học được xem là rất khả quan để thay thế phương pháp hóa học. Trong nghiên cứu trước của chúng tôi, quá trình lên men phế liệu tôm thanh trùng bằng Lactobacillus plantarum NCDN4 đã được nghiên cứu. Tuy nhiên việc thanh trùng phế liệu tôm không kinh tế. Trong nghiên cứu này quá trình lên men phế liệu tôm không thanh trùng bằng Lactobacillus plantarum NCDN4 đã được khảo sát. Các yếu tố như tỷ lệ giống, nồng độ đường glucose, nồng độ NaCl, pH ban đầu của môi trường lên men và thời gian lên men đã được nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy ở điều kiện 20% giống theo thể tích, 12,5% dịch đường glucose, 2% muối theo khối lượng, pH ban đầu 6, sau 5 ngày lên men lượng khoáng và protein trong nguyên liệu giảm tương ứng 99.28% và 48.65%. Lượng khoáng và protein còn lại tương ứng 1.33% và 22.46% (tính theo trọng lượng khô). So với phế liệu tôm không thanh trùng, hiệu quả loại khoáng và protein là tương đương.

Effect of Culture Conditions on Production of Xylanase by Trichoderma reesei

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
Ru Ming Zhao ◽  
Fa Shun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Shake Flasks

Fermentation of xylanase produced by Trichoderma reesei was conducted in 250mL shake flasks. Several fermentation conditions was investigated that affected production of xylanase by Trichod erma reesei, including inoculum age, inoculum size, medium volume, shear stress, temperature, shaking speed and initial pH. Results showed that the the optimum culture conditions were as follows: inoculum age 45h, inoculum size 10%,medium volume 50mL/250mL, shaking speed 200rpm and initial pH4.0(natural). The maximum xylanase activity under each condition was occurred at 104h and the maximal activities can reach 1425.27U/mL.

scholarly journals Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Statistical Optimization ofBacillus subtilisSPB1 Biosurfactant Production in Solid-State Fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhouha Ghribi ◽  
Lobna Abdelkefi-Mesrati ◽  
Ines Mnif ◽  
Radhouan Kammoun ◽  
Imen Ayadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Burman Design

During the last years, several applications of biosurfactants with medical purposes have been reported. Biosurfactants are considered relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases. However, their use is currently extremely limited due to their high cost in relation to that of chemical surfactants. Use of inexpensive substrates can drastically decrease its production cost. Here, twelve solid substrates were screened for the production ofBacillus subtilisSPB1 biosurfactant and the maximum yield was found with millet. A Plackett-Burman design was then used to evaluate the effects of five variables (temperature, moisture, initial pH, inoculum age, and inoculum size). Statistical analyses showed that temperature, inoculum age, and moisture content had significantly positive effect on SPB1 biosurfactant production. Their values were further optimized using a central composite design and a response surface methodology. The optimal conditions of temperature, inoculum age, and moisture content obtained under the conditions of study were 37°C, 14 h, and 88%, respectively. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of this compound was carried out against 11 bacteria and 8 fungi. The results demonstrated that this biosurfactant exhibited an important antimicrobial activity against microorganisms with multidrug-resistant profiles. Its activity was very effective againstStaphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus xylosus,Enterococcus faecalis,Klebsiella pneumonia, and so forth.

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production by Streptomyces lawendulae Applying the Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Jun Wei ◽  
Le-Chun Zhou ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Gui-Hai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Initial Ph

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L.

scholarly journals Recycling Of Peneapple Waste Using Lactobacillus Delbroeckii to Lactic Acid

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
H. B. Mat
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Initial Ph

The liquid pineapple waste contain mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, and other nutrients. It therefore can potentiall be used as carbon source for organic acid fermentation. Recently, lactic acid has been considered to be an important raw material for production of biodegradadable lactace polymer. The experiments weree carried out in shake flash fermentation using lactobacillus delbroeckii. Effect of some parameters such as temperature, initial Ph, initial substrate concentration, yeast extract concentration and fermentation time to the yield have been studied. The highest yield was 85.65% achieved at 40 0C, PH 6.00, 52.2 g/l sugar concentration with 5 g/l yeast extract. There was no significant increasing in lactic acid production was observed if supplementation of yeast extract above 10%.Keyword : lactic acid fermentation, liquid pineapple waste, lactobacillus delbrueckii

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