scholarly journals PHYSIOPATOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COVID-19 IN HUMANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 049-053
Author(s):  
Adriano De Oliveira Torres Carrasco ◽  
Meire Christina Seki ◽  
Rubia Mitalli Tomacheuski ◽  
Barbara Cristina Mazzucatto
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
The World

In December 2019, the largest epidemic associated with a Coronavirus began, SARS-CoV-2 (better known as COVID-19, or Coronavirus Disease / 2019). The first focus was in Hubei province, China, and since then it has spread throughout the world, reaching, until April 2020, almost 2.8 million people and approximately 193 thousand deaths worldwide. The agent causes respiratory, hemodynamic, digestive and inflammatory disorders, which can lead to death in any individual, although the lethality rate is higher in individuals over 60 years and with some comorbidity, such as diabetes or previous cardiac problems. The present study describes the pathogenesis of the agent and the anatomopathological lesions induced by COVID-19 in humans.  

Current updates on COVID-19 - A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghotekar D S ◽  
Vishal N Kushare ◽  
Sagar V Ghotekar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

scholarly journals A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Quan Zhuang ◽  
Linyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection mother to the newborn

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Bonifacio Caballero ◽  
Daniel Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The emergence of the new corona virus infection that occurred in Wuhan, the capital city of China's Hubei province in December 2019 initially labeled 2019-nCoV and later named SARS-CoV-2, has spread in several countries around the world and subsequently raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus, producing its disease named COVID-19. Around 12 articles about pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and their newborns have been published between February 10 and April 4, 2020. So far, there are few reports on newborns. There is currently evidence of vertical transmission from pregnant women with COVID-19 infection during the third trimester. The results of this report suggest that currently there is evidence of intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia and die in late pregnancy. However, most of these newborns have been asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but as the outbreak and information are changing rapidly, it is recommended to continue to check for updates.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility and the Spread of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Central China ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Analysis

Reactions, measures as well as discourses dealing with the current pandemic vary significantly across the world. While some countries were completely locked down, as was the case in Italy, some had claimed to have very few or no cases, as was the case in Turkey and Indonesia by March 10th, 2020. Nevertheless, the spread of COVID-19 from China has been clearly linked to those travelling from Wuhan in Hubei province in Central China. Therefore, it is important to understand the travel density/volume of passengers carried as well as routes from Wuhan through connected main regional air travel hubs across China. In this study, we developed a model on migration and travel intensity that can explain outbreak and spread COVID-19 since it appeared at the end of 2019. We show that the presence of migrant stock populations of Chinese origin and the immigrant stock in China are useful indicators in the prediction of the spread of the outbreak worldwide in the event of interaction with several other macro factors. We argue that monitoring immigrant stock data and travel volume data based on human mobility corridors (i.e. origins and destinations), countries could have been better prepared and taken early measures to contain the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Knowns, Unknowns, and Questions

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Weston ◽  
Matthew B. Frieman
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Answering Questions

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the Hubei province in China in late 2019 demonstrates the epidemic potential of coronaviruses. The rapid spread of this virus across the world in only 2 months highlights the transmissibility of this family of viruses and the significant morbidity and mortality that they can cause. We highlight the current state of knowledge of coronavirus biology while answering questions concerning the current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Research on Sustainable Land Use Based on Production–Living–Ecological Function: A Case Study of Hubei Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Chao Wei ◽  
Qiaowen Lin ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Sheng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Coordination Degree

After decades of rapid development, there exists insufficient and contradictory land use in the world, and social, economic and ecological sustainable development is facing severe challenges. Balanced land use functions (LUFs) can promote sustainable land use and reduces land pressures from limited land resources. In this study, we propose a new conceptual index system using the entropy weight method, regional center of gravity theory, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle factor identification model for LUFs assessment and spatial-temporal analysis. This framework was applied to 17 cities in central China’s Hubei Province using 39 indicators in terms of production–living–ecology analysis during 1996–2016. The result shows that (1) LUFs showed an overall upward trend during the study period, while the way of promotion varied with different dimensions. Production function (PF) experienced a continuous enhancement during the study period. Living function (LF) was similar in this aspect, but showed a faster rising tendency. EF continued to increase during 1996–2011, but declined during 2011–2016. LUFs were higher in the east than in the west, and slightly higher in the south than in the north. The spatial coordination was enhanced during the study period. (2) The overall level of coupling coordination degree continued to increase during 1996–2016, while regional difference declined obviously, indicating a good developing trend. However, the absolute level was still not satisfactory. (3) The obstacle degree of PF was always dominant, and LF showed a downward trend, while EF showed an increasing trend. Benefit index (A2), Comfort index (B2) and Green index (C1) constituted the primary obstacle factor for each dimension. Added-value of high and new technology industry (A2-3) and land use intensity (A3-2) were key factors restricting PF. Number of medical practitioner (B1-4) and internet penetration rate (B2-3) were key factors restricting LF. Air quality rate (C3-1) and wetland coverage rate (C1-4) were key factors restricting EF. This study can help to give a more detailed understanding of sustainable land use for the particularity of China from a land function perspective and provide lessons and suggestions for other developing countries in the world.

scholarly journals Pregnancy management in coronavirus disease – Challenges in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Narendra Malhotra ◽  
Ruchika Garg ◽  
Saroj Singh ◽  
Prabhat Agrawal ◽  
Jaideep Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Usa

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection, first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. The infection has spread in more than 150 countries and is a pandemic. Governments across the world have adopted rigorous measures to reduce both the spread by lockdown and cancelling most visas. It has detrimental effects on health-care systems and on the whole economy of world including the USA.

scholarly journals Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019-nCOV outbreak in Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhe Ai
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
The World

AbstractAs of 8am 30th January (Beijing Time) 2020, Approximate 8000 cases across the world have been confirmed. It’s necessary to simulate epidemic trend of the 2019-nCOV outbreak in Hubei Province, the hardest-hit area. By SEIR simulation, the predicted epidemic peak in Hubei will be within 28th January 2020 to 7th February 2020, up to 7000-9000 infectious cases in total. The estimate above was based on some assumptions and limitations exited.

scholarly journals Rządowe inicjatywy Republiki Północnej Macedonii w dobie pandemii Covid‑19 – wybrane zagadnienia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
Diana Mazepa
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

Koniec 2019 r. przyniósł doniesienia o pojawieniu się nowej choroby w Chinach. Pod koniec roku pierwsze infekcje SARS‑CoV‑2 odnotowano w prowincji Hubei, a w styczniu zaczęła pojawiać się w innych regionach świata, w tym w Europie. Dnia 11 III 2020 r. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) ogłosiła nową chorobę jako pandemię. Koronawirus uwidocznił luki i niedoskonałości systemów państwowych niezależnie od szerokości geograficznej i pozycji na świecie. Aby uporać się z rozprzestrzeniającym się wirusem, a jednocześnie zapobiec upadkom gospodarczym i społecznym, państwa nałożyły na obywateli liczne ograniczenia. W podobnej sytuacji znajdowała się również Macedonia Północna, a celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji w kontekście inicjatyw rządowych podejmowanych w okresie od stycznia 2020 r. do czerwca 2021 r. Government initiatives of the Republic of North Macedonia during coronavirus pandemic – selected issues The end of 2019 brought reports of a new disease emerging in China. At the end of the year, the first SARS‑CoV‑2 infections were recorded in the Hubei province, and in January it began to appear in other regions of the world, including Europe. On 11 III 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the new disease as a pandemic. The coronavirus highlighted the vulnerabilities and imperfections of state systems regardless of latitude and world position. In order to deal with the spreading virus and at the same time to prevent economic and social collapses, states imposed numerous restrictions on citizens. North Macedonia was also in the same situation, and the purpose of this article is to present the situation in the context of government initiatives taken in the period from January 2020 to June 2021.

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