scholarly journals The Determinants of Mass Concentration of Indoor Particulate Matter in a Nursing Home

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3026-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung Jung Cheng ◽  
Chih Yi Chang ◽  
Pei Ni Tsou ◽  
Ming Ju Wu ◽  
Yun Shu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The study was conducted to evaluate the determinants of mass concentration of indoor particulate matter in a nursing home located in Taichung, Taiwan. PM2.5, PM10, temperature, relative humidity, CO, CO2, O3 and colony counts were collected in 2 bedrooms and their adjacent outdoor environments from November 2009 to January 2010. The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that the explanatory variables which included outdoor particle concentrations, indoor occupancy, different types of activities and ventilation accounted for 40.9% and 63.4% of the variance in the indoor PM2.5 concentration in Room A which is close to neighboring buildings and Room B which is close to main traffic, respectively. The explanatory variables accounted for 49.1% and 85.5% of the variance in the indoor PM10 concentration in Room A and B, respectively. Moreover, the result of correlation analysis showed that both indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were correlated to temperature, relative humidity and CO.

scholarly journals Assessment of ambient dust pollution status at selected point sources (residential and commercial) of Mingaladon area, Yangon region, Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Nyan Lin Tun ◽  
Than Htut Aung ◽  
Aye Sandar Mon ◽  
Pyay Hein Kyaw ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Purpose Dust (particulate matters) is very dangerous to our health as it is not visible with our naked eyes. Emissions of dust concentrations in the natural environment can occur mainly by road traffic, constructions and dust generating working environments. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ambient dust pollution status and to find out the association between PM concentrations and other determinant factors such as wind speed, ambient temperature, relative humidity and traffic congestion. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted for two consecutive months (June and July, 2016) at a residential site (Defence Services Liver Hospital, Mingaladon) and a commercial site (Htouk-kyant Junction, Mingaladon) based on WHO Air Quality Reference Guideline Value (24-hour average). Hourly monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration and determinant factors such as traffic congestion, wind speed, ambient temperature and relative humidity for 24 hours a day was performed in both study sites. CW-HAT200 handheld particulate matters monitoring device was used to assess PM concentrations, temperature and humidity while traffic congestion was monitored by CCTV cameras. Findings The baseline PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of Mingaladon area were (28.50±11.49)µg/m3 and (52.69±23.53)µg/m3, means 61.48 percent of PM2.5 concentration and 54.92 percent of PM10 concentration exceeded than the WHO reference value during the study period. PM concentration usually reached a peak during early morning (within 3:00 a.m.-5:00 a.m.) and at night (after 9:00 p.m.). PM2.5 concentration mainly depends on traffic congestion and temperature (adjusted R2=0.286), while PM10 concentration depends on traffic congestion and relative humidity (adjusted R2=0.292). Wind speed played a negative role in both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with r=−0.228 and r=−0.266. Originality/value The air quality of the study area did not reach the satisfiable condition. The main cause of increased dust pollution in the whole study area was high traffic congestion (R2=0.63 and 0.60 for PM2.5 and PM10 concentration).

scholarly journals Indoor Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Comfort Parameters in a University Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid ◽  
Intan Idura Mohamad Isa ◽  
Ahmad Khairuddin Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Izzat Iman Razali ◽  
Ahmad Haziq Hasrizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Comfort Parameters

This study aims to determine the particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations and the comfort parameters (total bacterial counts (TBC), total fungal counts (TFC), relative humidity and temperature) in a university building. The samplings were carried out in three different indoor areas, including lecture hall, laboratory and lecturer office. PM2.5 samples were collected over a period of 8 h sampling using a low volume sampler (LVS). The anemometer Model Kestrel 0855YEL was used to measure relative humidity and temperature parameters. The sampling of airborne microorganisms was conducted by using microbial sampler at 350 L air sampled volume. The results showed that the highest average of PM2.5 was at lecture hall (88.54 ± 26.21 µgm-3) followed by lecturer office (69.79 ± 19.06 µgm-3) and laboratory (47.92 ± 24.88 µgm-3). The mean of TBC and TFC readings recorded as follow; 32.71 ± 5.91 cfu m-3 and 76.71 ± 21.5 cfu m-3 for laboratory, 112.1 ± 29.06 cfu m-3 and 124.67 ± 23.35 cfu m-3 for lecturer office, 121.74 ± 19.33 cfu m-3 and 115.33 ± 8.08 cfu m-3 for lecture hall. The average of all comfort parameter was within the prescribed standard by Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 for all sampling sites. Therefore, all occupants of the building can work in a conducive and comfortable environment. This study is in line with the objectives of National Policy on the Environment (DASN), which focusing on achieving a clean, safe, healthy and productive environment for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment of Environmental Tobacco Aerosol from Heated Tobacco Products: Nicotine and PM Exposures under Two Limited Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8536
Author(s):  
Tomoyasu Hirano ◽  
Tokuaki Shobayashi ◽  
Teiji Takei ◽  
Fumihiko Wakao
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

It is too early to provide a clear answer on the impact of exposure to the second-hand aerosol of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the planning of policy for smoke-free indoors legislation. Here, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate indoor air quality with the use of HTPs. We first measured the concentration of nicotine and particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air following 50 puffs in the use of HTPs or cigarettes in a small shower cubicle. We then measured these concentrations in comparison with the use equivalent of smoking 5.4 cigarettes per hour in a 25 m3 room, as a typical indoor environment test condition. In the shower cubicle test, nicotine concentrations in indoor air using three types of HTP, namely IQOS, glo, and ploomTECH, were 25.9–257 μg/m3. These values all exceed the upper bound of the range of tolerable concentration without health concerns, namely 3 µg/m3. In particular, the indoor PM2.5 concentration of about 300 to 500 μg/m3 using IQOS or glo in the shower cubicle is hazardous. In the 25 m3 room test, in contrast, nicotine concentrations in indoor air with the three types of HTP did not exceed 3 μg/m3. PM2.5 concentrations were below the standard value of 15 μg/m3 per year for IQOS and ploomTECH, but were slightly high for glo, with some measurements exceeding 100 μg/m3. These results do not negate the inclusion of HTPs within a regulatory framework for indoor tolerable use from exposure to HTP aerosol, unlike cigarette smoke.

Mass concentration and elemental composition of indoor PM2.5 and PM10 in University rooms in Thessaloniki, northern Greece

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 3195-3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Gemenetzis ◽  
Panagiotis Moussas ◽  
Anastasia Arditsoglou ◽  
Constantini Samara
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Indoor Particulate Matter on Blood Indicators Related to Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12890
Author(s):  
Youngrin Kwag ◽  
Shinhee Ye ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Dong-Wook Lee ◽  
Wonho Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5

Exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM) is a potential risk factor that increases systemic inflammation and affects erythropoiesis. This study investigated the association between exposure to indoor PM and blood indicators related to anemia (BIRA) in housewives. Indoor PM and blood folate status are important factors in the risk of anemia. This was a housewife cohort study; we recruited 284 housewives in Seoul and Ulsan, Republic of Korea. Indoor exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was measured by gravimetric analysis and sensors. We investigated the BIRA, such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC). Statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear regression model and mediation analysis. The association between BIRA and PM was assessed by multiple linear regression models fitted by mediation analyses. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in MCV (Beta coefficient (B): −0.069, Standard error (SE): 0.022) and MCH (B: −0.019, SE: 0.009) in gravimetric measurements. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in Hb (B: −0.024, SE: 0.011), hematocrit (B: −0.059, SE: 0.033), and MCV (B: −0.081, SE: 0.037) and MCH (B: −0.037, SE: 0.012) in sensor measurements (PM2.5-Lag10). Further, we identified a serum folate-mediated PM effect. The indoor PM exposure was significantly associated with decreased Hb, MCV, and MCH in housewives. Taken together, our data show that exposure to indoor PM is a risk factor for anemia in housewives. Blood folate concentration can be a mediating factor in the effect of indoor PM on BIRA. Therefore, folate intake should be recommended to prevent anemia in housewives. Moreover, indoor PM exposure should be managed.

scholarly journals Measurements of Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter during the Heating Period in Jinan, in North China: Chemical Composition, Health Risk, and Source Apportionment

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Gao ◽  
Weidong Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North China ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was simultaneously collected from the indoor and outdoor environments in urban area of Jinan in North China from November to December 2018 to evaluate the characteristics and sources of indoor PM2.5 pollution. The concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 69.0 ± 50.5 µg m−3 and 128.7 ± 67.9 µg m−3, respectively, much higher than the WHO-established 24-h standards for PM2.5, indicating serious PM2.5 pollution of indoor and outdoor environments in urban Jinan. SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC) were the predominant components, which accounted for more than 60% of the PM2.5 concentration. The total elemental risk values in urban Jinan for the three highly vulnerable groups of population (children (aged 2–6 years and 6–12 years) and older adults (≥70 years)) were nearly 1, indicating that exposure to all of the elements in PM2.5 had potential non-carcinogenic risks to human health. Further analyses of the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios, infiltration rates (FINF), and indoor-generated concentration (Cig) indicated that indoor PM2.5 and its major chemical components (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OC, and elemental carbon) were primarily determined by outdoor pollution. The lower indoor NO3−/SO42− ratio and FINF of NO3− relative to the outdoor values were due to the volatility of NO3−. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed to estimate the sources of PM2.5 using the combined datasets of indoor and outdoor environments and revealed that secondary aerosols, dust, cement production, and coal combustion/metal smelting were the major sources during the sampling period.

scholarly journals The Effects of Outdoor Source on Pollution Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Particulate Matter in an Office

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong Zheng ◽  
Yuzhen Lu ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Zhengzheng Zhao ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Outdoor Pm10

The indoor air quality has a direct impact on human health. Particulate matter is one of the important factors affecting the indoor air quality. The paper selects an office as the study object and studies the pollution characteristics and dynamic changes of indoor particulate matter in different outdoor pollution levels. The mass concentration of outdoor PM10 is used as the evaluation basis of the outdoor pollution level. The outdoor PM10 concentration levels are divided into the range of 200–300, 300–400, 400–500, 500–600, 600–700 μg·m−3, individually. Firstly, the change characteristics of the mass concentration and the number concentration of the particulate matter in the five outdoor conditions are analyzed. Secondly, the maximum increase values and the maximum increase rates of the mass concentrations of different particle sizes in the five conditions are compared. Then, the penetration factors of the particulates in different sizes are compared among the five conditions. Finally, the correlation between indoor particulate matter and outdoor particulate matter is studied. The study results show that the effect of outdoor infiltration has a great influence on the indoor PM1 mass concentration, and the penetrating factors of the particulate matter between 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm are higher than 0.6; their permeability is the most obvious.

scholarly journals Ground-Level PM2.5 Concentration Estimation from Satellite Data in the Beijing Area Using a Specific Particle Swarm Extinction Mass Conversion Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yong Xue ◽  
Jie Guang ◽  
Lu She ◽  
Cheng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Beijing Area ◽  
Conversion Algorithm ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Specific Particle ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Particulate matter (PM) has a substantial influence on the environment, climate change and public health. Due to the limited spatial coverage of a ground-level PM2.5 monitoring system, the ground-based PM2.5 concentration measurement is insufficient in many circumstances. In this paper, a Specific Particle Swarm Extinction Mass Conversion Algorithm (SPSEMCA) using remotely sensed data is introduced. Ground-level observed PM2.5, planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and relative humidity (RH) reanalyzed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), particle size distribution, and refractive indices from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) of the Beijing area in 2015 were used to establish this algorithm, and the same datasets for 2016 were used to test the performance of the SPSEMCA. The SPSEMCA involves four steps to obtain PM2.5 values from AOD datasets, and every step has certain advantages: (I) In the particle correction, we use η2.5 (the extinction fraction caused by particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) to make an accurate assimilation of AOD2.5, which is contributed to by the specific particle swarm PM2.5. (II) In the vertical correction, we compare the performance of PBLHc retrieved by satellite Lidar CALIPSO data and PBLHe reanalysis by ECMWF. Then, PBLHc is used to make a systematic correction for PBLHe. (III) For extinction to volume conversion, the relative humidity and the FMF are used together to assimilate the AVEC (averaged volume extinction coefficient, μm2/μm3). (IV) PM2.5 measured by ground-based air quality stations are used as the dry mass concentration when calculating the AMV (averaged mass volume, cm3/g) in humidity correction, that will avoid the uncertainties derived from the estimation of the particulate matter density ρ. (V) Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) 1 km × 1 km AOD was used to retrieve high resolution PM2.5, and a LookUP Table-based Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm (LUT-SDA) FMF was used to avoid the large uncertainties caused by the MODIS FMF product. The validation of PM2.5 from the SPSEMCA algorithm to the AERONET observation data and MODIS monitoring data achieved acceptable results, R = 0.70, RMSE (root mean square error) = 58.75 μg/m3 for AERONET data, R = 0.75, RMSE = 43.38 μg/m3 for MODIS data, respectively. Furthermore, the trend of the temporal and spatial distribution of Beijing was revealed.

scholarly journals Dynamic of Particulate Matter for Quotidian Aerosol Sources in Indoor Air

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yuness Abdelfatah Mostafa ◽  
Hyam Nazmy Bader Khalaf ◽  
Michael V. Zhukovsky
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Aerosol Sources ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Indoor Aerosol

A correlation between the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) and the occurrence of health-related problems or diseases has been confirmed by several studies. However, little is known about indoor PM concentrations, their associated risks or their impact on health. In this work, the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 produced by different indoor aerosol sources (candles, cooking, electronic cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, mosquito coils and incense) are studied. The purpose is to quantify the emission characteristics of different indoor particle sources. The mass concentration, the numerical concentration, and the size distribution of PM from various sources were determined in an examination room 65 m3 in volume. Sub-micrometer particles and approximations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were measured simultaneously using a diffusion aerosol spectrometer (DAS). The ultrafine particle concentration for the studied indoor aerosol sources was approximately 7 × 104 particles/cm3 (incense, mosquito coils and electronic cigarettes), 1.2 × 105 particles/cm3 for candles and cooking and 2.7 × 105 particles/cm3 for tobacco cigarettes. The results indicate that electronic cigarettes can raise indoor PM2.5 levels more than 100 times. PM1 concentrations can be nearly 55 and 30 times higher than the background level during electronic cigarette usage and tobacco cigarette burning, respectively. It is necessary to study the evaluation of indoor PM, assess the toxic potential of internal molecules and develop and test strategies to ensure the improvement of indoor air quality.

scholarly journals Influence of Microenvironments and Personal Activities on Personal PM2.5 Exposures among Children and Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Habil ◽  
David D. Massey ◽  
Ajay Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Environmental issues are a major worldwide problem of significant concern. Due to the growing human population and advancement in every sector, the environmental related issues are multiplying in recent years. Scalable exposures assessments approach that captures personal exposure to particles for purposes of epidemiology are currently limited, but very valuable especially for a country like India. The high levels of indoor particulate matter and the apparent scale of its impact on the global burden of disease underline the importance of particulate as an environmental health risk and the need for monitoring them. Human exposure especially to fine particles can have significant harmful effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular system. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM2.5 with ambient concentrations in an urban environment, personal exposure measurements were conducted for different age groups of people residing in different indoor environments. To account for PM2.5 exposure and measurements personal environment monitors (PEM) and medium volume sampler APM 550 was used to measure PM2.5 concentration. On comparing the annual average PM2.5 concentration with National Ambient Air Quality and WHO standards the concentrations were found to be many folds higher for personal and ambient monitoring at homes, schools, and offices. Moreover, the questionnaire data study explains the fact that the health hazards experienced by occupants linked to various activity patterns pose a greater risk in different indoor environments as compared to outdoor environments. The presented research method and analysis can help develop environmental awareness in identifying these pollutants and can also help in elucidating these contaminants. A real understanding of these possible causes of airborne contaminant is crucial for selecting and developing suitable and effective control methods.

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