Study on Investigation and Analysis of Existing Railway Tunnel Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ping Zhao ◽  
Xin Rong Tan ◽  
Ling Li Jia
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Lining Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Reliable Basis

Due to the impact of geological condition, climate condition, design, construction and other factors, the existing railway tunnel appears some diseases more and more, and even some diseases have serious influence to the normal use of tunnels and traffic safety. To eliminate these dangers, we should understand the type of diseases and their causes. Based on the existing tunnel disease investigation and analysis, tunnel diseases were classified, the reason of tunnel diseases were analyzed, which can provide a reliable basis for the tunnel disease treatment. The result indicates that railway tunnel diseases include lining water leakage, lining structure disease, lining concrete disease, foundation disease, lining off block and so on. All kinds of diseases of tunnel lining are often interrelated, so the tunnel disease usually is a result of multiple factors.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

Road barriers: modern solutions for improving traffic safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact

Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of the consequences of road accidents is an urgent task. Road deaths are constantly increasing and there is a need for a comprehensive approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of road barriers designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway of the highway and to develop the design of energy-absorbing fencing. Barrier barriers must not only be safe for road users, but must also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after hitting the fence. Analytical studies have shown that in order to reduce mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop a road fence design that allows you to extinguish the impact energy at the moment of contact between the car and the fence. Keywords: fencing, barrier, safety, traffic accident

scholarly journals Incidence and causes of lower-limb amputations in the city of Ribeirão Preto from 1985 to 2008: evaluation of the medical records from 3,274 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Maria Bueno Barbosa ◽  
Rosane Aparecida Monteiro ◽  
Lucas Françolin Sparano ◽  
Rodolfo Fabiano Niz Bareiro ◽  
Afonso Dinis Costa Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Ischemic Complications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Alcohol Laws

ABSTRACT: Objective: It was to identify trends of traumatic and non-traumatic causes of lower limb amputations, as well as the role played by population aging, traffic violence increase, public health policy of diabetes control program and drivers anti-alcohol laws on these amputations. Method: Hospitalization data recorded in the discharge forms of 32 hospitals located in the region of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, from 1985 to 2008 were analyzed. Result: A total of 3,274 lower-limb amputations were analyzed, of which 95.2% were related to non-traumatic causes, mainly infectious and ischemic complications of diabetes mellitus. Cancer (2.8%) and congenital (1.3%) causes were included in this group. Only 4.8% were related to traumatic causes. Traumatic amputation average rate was 1.5 amputations in 100,000 habitants with a slight tendency of increase in the last 5 years. Non-traumatic causes showed an average rate of 30.0 amputations for 100,000 habitants and remained relatively constant during the whole period. Non-traumatic were much more predominant in patients older than 60 years and traumatic amputations occurred more frequently in patients younger than 39 years. Conclusion: The overall rates of amputation and the rates of traumatic and non-traumatic amputations remained nearly constant during the study period. The impact of diabetes control policies and the introduction of traffic safety laws could not be identified on the amputation rates.

scholarly journals Stress Distribution Around Mechanized Longwall Face at Deep Mining in Quang Ninh Underground Coal Mine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manh Tung BUI ◽  
Tien Dung LE ◽  
Trong Hung VO
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Longwall Face ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Deep Mining ◽  
Roof Fall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quang Ninh

Quang Ninh underground coal mines are currently in the phase of finishing up the mineralreserves located near the surface. Also, in this phase, a number of coal mines have opened and preparednew mine sites for the extraction of the reserves at greater depth. Several mines have mined at -350 mdepth and are driving opening excavations at -500 m depth below sea level. The mining at greater depthfaces many difficulties, such as a significant increase in support and excavation pressures. The longwallface pressure is mostly manifested in great magnitude that causes support overloaded and jumped andface spall/roof fall. This paper, based on the geological condition of the Seam 11 Ha Lam coal mine,uses the numerical program UDEC for studying the impact of mining depth on stress distribution aroundthe longwall face. The results show that the deeper the mining is, the greater the plastic deformationzone is. The peak front abutment stress moves closer to the coal wall, mainly concentrating on theimmediate roof and top coal. The top coal is greatly broken, and its bearing capacity is decreased. Somesolutions to the stability of roof strata are proposed, and a proper working resistance of support isdetermined. Additionally, the paper suggests that the starting depth for deep mining in Quang Ninhunderground coal mines should be -350 m below sea level.

The effects of multiple factors on spring meltwater erosion on an alpine meadow slope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Shi ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
The Impact

<p>Serious soil erosion is observed during the spring because soil thawing coincides with the period of snowmelt and low meadow coverage at this time. Studies relating to soil erosion caused by spring meltwater are limited and controversial. In this study, a field experimental study was conducted in an alpine meadow slope in the Binggou watershed on the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau to assess the impact of multiple factors on spring meltwater erosion. The multiple factors included three flow rates, four slope gradients, and three underlying surface conditions (meadow, disturbed meadow, and alluvial soil). An equal volume of concentrated meltwater flow was used in all experiments. The results showed that rapid melting at a high flow rate could accelerate soil erosion. The influence of the slope gradient on the amount of runoff was positively linear and the influence was relatively low. However, the slope gradient had a strong impact on soil erosion. The meadow could effectively reduce soil erosion, although when the meadow was disturbed, the total runoff increased by 60% and the sediment yield by a factor of 1.5. The total runoff from the alluvial soil doubled in comparison to the meadow, while the sediment yield increased nearly 7-fold. The findings of this study could be helpful to understand the characteristics and impact of multiple controlling factors of spring meltwater erosion. It also aims to provide a scientific basis for an improved management of alpine meadows as well as water and soil conservation activities in high-altitude cold regions.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals Impact of High-Altitude on Truck’s Climbing Speed: Case study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tian Lei ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Xingli Jia ◽  
Leyu Wei ◽  
Lin Tian
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Altitudes

Truck’s climbing performance is an important consideration in traffic safety, efficiency, and highway geometric design. With the infrastructure development in high-altitude area in China, more attention needs to be paid on truck’s climbing performance in such area. In this article, truck’s climbing speed in high-altitude area was examined through field tests on different grade sections at different altitudes. Truck’s speed-distance curves were built at different altitudes and the impact of altitude on truck’s climbing speed was explored based on the test results. It was shown that, within the altitude range of 3000~5000m, altitude had an obvious influence on test truck’s decelerating and accelerating performance. Truck’s speed decreased faster on steep grades and increased slower on gentle grades with the increase of the altitude. Also, the stable speed that test truck could maintain on a certain grade was lower at a higher altitude. In addition, test truck’s theoretical speed-distance curves at the sea level were estimated through truck’s dynamic model. Compared with the theoretical crawl speed, a negative effect of altitude change (from 0 to the altitude above 3000 m) was found on truck’s climbing performance.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Miriam Parisi ◽  
Marco Graziano ◽  
Laura Sciacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Organ

Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.

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