A Review of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The World

This paper offers a review on production of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks.Bricks are the world’s most versatile, durable and reliable construction material.Conventional bricks are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing or from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete,and thus contain high embodied energy and have large carbon footprint. In many areas of the world,there is already a shortage of natural source material for production of the conventional bricks. For environmentalprotection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on productionof bricks from waste materials.Fly ash is a waste material of coal firing thermal plants and its accumulation near power plants causes severe pollution problems. Therefore, its utilization as a raw material for brick making will be a very beneficial solution in terms of economic and environmental aspects.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Cement by Neem Leaves Ash and Fly Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
The World

Concrete is the most essential construction materials in all over the world. It is necessary to search the cheaply obtainable material as admixture which might be partially replaced cement in the production of concrete. This project is an experimental investigation of the neem leaves ash as partial replacement for cement also fly ash is used for partial replacement of cement. The neem leaves were dried, burnt and heated in the furnace to produce Neem leaves Ash, which was discovered to posses Pozzolanic properties.the ordinary Portland cement was replaced by neem ash by 5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% by weight also flash replaced by 15%,20%,25% and 30% the cubes were crushed to know the comparative strength of the concrete at different curing days. The last result showed that workability and strength properties of the concrete was depended on water cement ratio, total days of curing, the percentage of replacement of Neem leaves ash for OPC . I. This project it was noticed that the result of 5% NLA and 15% fly ash and 10% NLA and 20% of fly ash were gradually increasing the strength at 28 days. Neem leaves play a vital role and behaviour of Neem leaves ash and flash used concrete will be studied

scholarly journals Modern Trends in the Development of Renewable Energy: the Experience of the EU and Leading Countries of the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
L.Hr. Melnyk ◽  
O.N. Derykolenko ◽  
Yu.O. Mazin ◽  
O.I. Matsenko ◽  
V.S. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Energy security and independence is one of the key points in sustainable development. In modern conditions of rapid growth and development of technologies, more and more attention is paid to finding practical solutions for environmentally friendly and inexpensive energy production. For a long time, scientists from various fields of scientific activity around the world have been engaged in the development and use of alternative energy sources. The share of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity around the world is growing steadily, which indicates an increase in the use of energy obtained from alternative sources, such as, for example, wind and sun. These trends testify to the desire of consumers to abandon the use of fossil energy sources and nuclear power plants as much as possible in order to ensure further sister development. Under the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for electricity worldwide has decreased, however, as the study shows, this pandemic has not affected the development of renewable energy. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries and leading countries of the world in this area. As a result, it was concluded that in modern conditions, to achieve sustainable development, transformation processes are needed in such an important area as energy. Various processes in the global economy, which contributed to the intensive development of alternative energy sources, served as a powerful impetus for such changes. Many countries have made significant progress in the development of renewable energy.

Utilization of Fly Ash in the Synthesis of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolař
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Thermal Shock Resistance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Shock Resistance

Forsterite refractory ceramics is utilized in the metallurgical and cement industries as a lining of metallurgical furnaces and rotary kilns for its high refractoriness up to 1850°C and refractoriness under load above 1600°C. Another significant property of forsterite is its coefficient of linear thermal expansion utilized in the electrotechnical industry for ceramic-metal joints. Addition of aluminium oxide into the raw material mixture results in creation of magnesium-alumina spinel (MgO·Al2O3) which improves sintering, thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties in comparison with pure forsterite ceramics. Inexpensive source of aluminium oxide is fly ash. Utilization of fly ash, secondary energetic product of coal-burning power plants, is important for the environment and sustainable development. This paper evaluated properties of fly ash-based forsterite-spinel ceramics in comparison with alumina-based forsterite-spinel ceramics. Forsterite-spinel ceramics was synthesized from olivine, calcined magnesite and fly ash/alumina powders. XRD analysis was used to determine mineralogical composition, thermal analyses were used to determine the behaviour during firing and scanning electron microscopy to determine the morphology of crystal phases. Refractoriness of pyrometric cones, refractoriness under load, thermal shock resistance, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, water absorption, porosity and modulus of rupture were also determined on fired test samples.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Vege-Grout Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
NA Dzulkifli ◽  
RC Omar ◽  
Fathoni Usman ◽  
Hairin Taha ◽  
KA Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
The World

Brick is one of largest material used in construction of infrastructure all over the world. A conventional bricks such as clay brick and concrete brick are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing and from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete respectively.   Both of this activities lead to CO2 emission. The burning process requires high temperature at the same time release carbon dioxide and pollute the environment. At present, carbon emissions has become a crucial issues in the society that must be solved. Several studies had demonstrated that brick can be produced from bacteria based on Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). The objective of this study is to develop cement free- brick from vegetables waste with added eggshell as calcium additive to induce biocementation of brick. Brick specimen was cast in the mould size 210 x 90 x 65 mm and casting for 28 days. The study showed that there was an increased in compressive strength up to 0.062 N/mm2 as the curing period increased to 28 days which showed the occurrence of biocementation activities. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of calcite precipitation. The result indicated that vege-grout can be used as binding agent for biocementation to produce bricks.

scholarly journals Fly Ash, from Recycling to Potential Raw Material for Mesoporous Silica Synthesis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Gheorghe Miricioiu ◽  
Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Level

In order to meet the increasing energy demand and to decrease the dependency on coal, environmentally friendly methods for fly ash utilization are required. In this respect, the priority is to identify the fly ash properties and to consider its potential as raw material in the obtaining of high-value materials. The physico-chemical and structural characteristics of the fly ash coming from various worldwide power plants are briefly presented. The fly ash was sampled from power plants where the combustion of lignite and hard coal in pulverized-fuel boilers (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers was applied. The fly ash has high silica content. Due to this, the fly ash can be considered a potential raw material for the synthesis of nanoporous materials, such as zeolites or mesoporous silica. The samples with the highest content of SiO2 can be used to obtain mesoporous silica materials, such as MCM-41 or SBA-15. The resulting mesoporous silica can be used for removing/capture of CO2 from emissions or for wastewater treatment. The synthesis of various porous materials using wastes would allow a high level of recycling for a sustainable society with low environmental impact.

scholarly journals Characteristics of high carbon ash as a raw material for spontaneous combustion inhibitor and its field demonstration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Un Park ◽  
Jae Kwan Kim ◽  
Dong Ik Shin
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
High Carbon

Abstract In this study, we examined the physical chemistry, fuel characteristics and combustion reactivity of high carbon ash as a raw material for spontaneous combustion inhibitor in order to solve the problem of spontaneous combustion which has been often occurring in coal yard of coal-fired power plants in Korea. The high carbon ash has higher activation energy and lower frequency factor than bituminous coal, so combustion began at a relatively higher temperature than bituminous coal. In case of fly ash, the heat transfer characteristics were better than those of bottom ash and pond ash, and in case of coarse particles of fly ash, they were found to be highly applicable as a raw material for spontaneous combustion inhibitor due to their relatively high unburned carbon content. As a result of manufacturing spontaneous combustion inhibitors along with asphalt and PFAD (palm fatty acid distillate), the contact angle to water was more than 90° regardless of the mixing ratio, showing hydrophobic surface characteristics, and it was found that the hardness and viscosity of spontaneous combustion inhibitors increased as the mixing ratio of high carbon ash increased. In addition, when spontaneous combustion inhibitors manufactured were applied to coal stockpiles in coal yard at coal-fired power plants, there was little change in the internal temperature of coal stockpiles and the highest value of instantaneous increasing rate per minute was found to be lowered from 1.60°C/min to 0.061°C/min, indicating that spontaneous combustion inhibitors using high carbon coal ash had a great effect of preventing spontaneous combustion.

scholarly journals Synthesis and sintering of high-temperature composites based on mechanically activated fly ash

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Terzic ◽  
Lj. Pavlovic ◽  
N. Obradovic ◽  
V. Pavlovic ◽  
J. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fly Ash Utilization ◽  
And Behavior

Amount of fly ash which is and yet to be generated in the coming years highlights the necessity of developing new methods of the recycling where this waste can be reused in significant quantity. A new possibility for fly ash utilization is in high-temperature application (thermal insulators or/and refractory material products). As such, fly ash has to adequately answer the mechanical and thermal stability criteria. One of the ways of achieving it is by applying mechanical activation procedure on fly ash. In present study, fly ashes from two different power plants were mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill. Mechanically treated fly ashes were cemented with two different binders: standard Portland cement and high-aluminates cement. Physico-chemical analysis and investigation of mineralogical components of composites are emphasized, due to the changes occurred in fly ash during mechanical activation and sintering of composites. Macro-performance of the composites was correlated to the microstructure of fly ash studied by means of XRD and SEM analysis. Thermal stability of crystalline phases was investigated with DTA. Highlight was placed on determination of relationship between mechanically activated fly ash and obtained composites microstructure on one side and behavior of sintered composites on the other side.

Development of Structural Concrete with Fly Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hela ◽  
Martin Ťažký
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties ◽  
High Temperature Combustion

The paper describes problems of using fly ash in concrete. Using fly ash produced during high temperature combustion in power plants as addition for concrete has been known since the 60s of the past century. The Standard EN 206 Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity characterizes high temperature combustion fly ash as an addition of the type II, i.e. active addition with pozzolanic properties. Use of fly ash as an active addition also enables partial replacement of cement. The paper solves the extent of cement which can be replaced with fly ash in this manner. Influence of addition of fly ash on consistency of concrete, development of compressive strength and elasticity modulus at the age of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days of concrete are observed.

Sintered Artificial Aggregate with New Correction Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
By Products

Combustion of coal creates a high amount of by-products in heat power plants. The largest share occupies fly ash as solid mineral residuals. Global pressure grows currently for the use of energy by-products. Utilization as a raw material for production of artificial sintered aggregate is one of the ways to make optimal use of even low-quality fly ash. Environmental and economic reasons lead currently to trying to upgrade the technology, which will fully use of the principle of self-sintering process based on content of combustible substances.The amount of combustible substances is today increasing by coal as a primary and finite resource. There is also best way for utilization of industrial wastes that contain a suitable share of combustible substances for ensure the smooth running of sintering.The paper deals with laboratory verification of selected industrial wastes as a correction component in the sintered aggregate production technology. As an alternative raw materials were selected coal tailings, sludge from paper industry, sludge from waste water treatment plant and fly ash from municipal waste incineration plant. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of corrective components to the quality of the resulting sintered aggregates.

A review on fly ash from coal-fired power plants: chemical composition, regulations, and health evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Zierold ◽  
Chisom Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Surface Impoundments

AbstractThroughout the world, coal is responsible for generating approximately 38% of power. Coal ash, a waste product, generated from the combustion of coal, consists of fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization material. Fly ash, which is the main component of coal ash, is composed of spherical particulate matter with diameters that range from 0.1 μm to >100 μm. Fly ash is predominately composed of silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, and oxygen, but the particles may also contain heavy metals such as arsenic and lead at trace levels. Most nations throughout the world do not consider fly ash a hazardous waste and therefore regulations on its disposal and storage are lacking. Fly ash that is not beneficially reused in products such as concrete is stored in landfills and surface impoundments. Fugitive dust emissions and leaching of metals into groundwater from landfills and surface impoundments may put people at risk for exposure. There are limited epidemiological studies regarding the health effects of fly ash exposure. In this article, the authors provide an overview of fly ash, its chemical composition, the regulations from nations generating the greatest amount of fly ash, and epidemiological evidence regarding the health impacts associated with exposure to fly ash.

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