Fabrication of Activated Carbon Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composite Using Solvent Casting Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Mohd Asyadi Azam ◽  
Aisyah Hassan ◽  
Noraiham Mohamad ◽  
Elyas Talib ◽  
Nor Syafira Abdul Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Rubber Composite

Despite the rapid increase in the utilization of reinforced nanomaterials composites, micromaterials may also have the potential to be utilized as filler in polymer composites. In this study, the activated carbon (AC) filled epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) composite was fabricated using the solvent casting method. AC was used as the filler at different filler addition in range from 0 to 7 parts per hundred rubbers (phr). The intention was to investigate the effect of AC filled ENR on mechanical properties and interaction between AC and ENR matrix. Overall, the result shows high improvement in mechanical properties. At 7 phr, the tensile strength was 7.0 MPa compared to 2.6 MPa for 0 phr, which indicates the increase by almost 2 times. The elongation also increases for all phr, which indicates the good filler effect.

Effect of Curing System on Morphological, Rheological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 690-695
Author(s):  
Hua Dong Wang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Mao Fang Huang ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Internal Mixer

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polypropylene (PP) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180°C. The effects of curing systems (i.e., sulfur and peroxide) on morphological, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties were studied. It is found that the sulfur cured TPVs show higher tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break than those cured with the DCP systems. The rheological analysis indicates that TPVs cured with DCP system show lower apparent shear viscosity than those with sulfur system. SEM studies show that TPVs vulcanized with DCP system exhibit smaller and finely dispersed rubber domains, which provides it higher thermal stability than sulfur cured TPVs.

Cogon Grass Fiber-Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Wasaphon Wanasut ◽  
Apikiat Singkum ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

This research shows a great potential of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcement in epoxidized natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties of cogon grass fiber-epoxidized natural rubber composites were studied. The chemical treatment of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcing filler was revealed. Effects of fiber treatment method and treatment time of cogon grass fiber on thermal properties of the fibers and their composites were elucidated. The addition of cogon grass fiber into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) improved the mechanical properties of the composites.The result indicated that alkaline treatment followed by acid treatment of cogon grass fiber led to an increase in thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical properties of the composites more than that without acid treatment. With increasing the amount of fiber, tensile strength of ENR composites were significantly increased while elongation at break was insignificantly changed. ENR with the addition of 4-Amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine monohydrate as coupling agent (ENRC) was shown to have higher tensile strength, modulus at 200% elongation and elongation at break than ENR. Improved mechanical properties were also obtained in ENRC composites compared to those of ENR composites.

Improving Mechanical Properties of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate-co-β-Hydroxyvalerate by Blending with Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneewong Chutamas ◽  
Sunthornvarabhas Jackapon ◽  
Joong Kim Hyun ◽  
Sriroth Klanarong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Mixed Coding ◽  
Elastic Polymer

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is a bacterial-synthesized biopolymer. Moreover, PHBV is a biodegradable, it is an interesting biopolymer for disposable products. PHBV is difficult to process due to its low toughness, an elastic polymer such as natural rubber is introduced to develop toughness. In this experiment, PHBV mechanical properties were improved by blending with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The NR/PHBV and ENR/PHBV blends with the same ratio of 10/90 (wt/wt) could be extruded, whereas other conditions could not. This ratio was then used throughout this study to examine effect of maleic anhydride (MA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to improve toughness of the blends. Result showed at composition where 1.0 % (wt/wt) MA and 0.05 % (wt/wt) BPO was mixed (coding EPMB2), several aspects of mechanical properties were improved. The blend, EPMB2 revealed the highest impact strength, significantly improved of elongation but drastically decreased of tensile strength. Storage modulus slightly decreased, tangent delta significantly increased when compared with neat PHBV.

Preparation and Characterization of CaSiO3 /Natural Rubber Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 659-662
Author(s):  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Pei Xu ◽  
Ye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Micro Morphology

A series of calcium silicate/rubber composites with different CaSiO3 contents was prepared. micro-morphology, vulcanizing properties and mechanical properties of CaSiO3/rubber were were characterized. It can be observed that mean particle size of CaSiO3 was 2.627 µm. The micro-morphology of particles were honeycomb structure on the particles of CaSiO3. As compared with NR, the least torque enhanced wtih increasing CaSiO3 content. Curing rate reduced with a rise of CaSiO3 content. The tensile strength and the elongation of composites was increased with increasing CaSiO3 content.

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Carbon Black Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suradet Matchawet ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Conductive Carbon Black ◽  
Conductivity Increase

Electrical and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) filled with conductive carbon black (CCB) have been investigated. SEM was used to analyze dispersion of CCB particles in rubber matrix. The results indicated that the AC conductivity increase with increasing volume fraction of carbon black as well as frequency. The percolation thresholds of the electrical conductivity was found at 0.10 volume fraction of CCB. Furthermore, addition of CCB at volume fraction 0.05 caused the highest tensile strength of the composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased with increasing content of CCB greater than 0.05 volume fraction. However, the volume fraction of CCB at 0.10 demonstrated the most suitable proportion for the ENR composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the morphological and mechanical properties of the toughened poly (lactic acid)/epoxidized natural rubber

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Sahirah Abdullah ◽  
Zurina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
The Impact

Poly (lactic acid)/epoxidized natural rubber (PLA/ENR) was prepared by using counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. For dynamic vulcanization process, ENR was compounded with 3 phr of N, N’-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) as a crosslinking agent. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of unvulcanized and dynamically vulcanized of ENR on the properties of PLA/ENR blend. The blending of PLA with ENR was prepared with the various composition of ENR (0 wt% to 30 wt%). The morphology and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test, and impact test. The unvulcanized blend produced a co-continuous morphology of PLA and ENR and the dynamically vulcanized blend shows the dispersed ENR rubber particles in PLA continuous matrix.  For both systems, the tensile strength value was dropped with the increasing amount of ENR content. The impact strength of both systems shows the maximum value at 20 wt% of ENR content. However, dynamically vulcanized PLA/ENR blend shows a better tensile strength and impact strength value as compared with unvulcanized blend.

Mechanical Properties of Montmorillonite-Filled Natural Rubbers Compatibilized by Epoxidized Natural Rubbers

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Pranut Potiyaraj ◽  
Sittiporn Ngamsurat ◽  
Wasan Poklong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Reinforcing Filler ◽  
Organomodified Montmorillonite

The effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in modified-montmorillonite filled natural rubber were studied. Natural rubber was compounded with 2, 5 and 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of organomodified montmorillonite as a reinforcing filler and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxidic units (ENR25 and ENR50, respectively) was used as compatibilizer at the amount of 5, 10 and 15 phr. Rubber compounds were then tested for their curing properties. Test specimens for mechanical testing were prepared by compression molding. The use of montmorillonite as a filler in natural rubber efficiently improved mechanical properties that are tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, tear strength and hardness, especially with the small amount of montmorillonite. This is supposed to be related to intercalation and exfoliation process. The increasing amount of montmorillonite caused the filler to be agglomerated thus the reinforcing efficiency was reduced and some mechanical properties were dropped. It was further founded that epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized montmorillonite filled natural rubber effectively. As the amount of epoxidized natural rubber increased, the mechanical properties tended to increase. The presence of epoxidized natural rubber improved filler-rubber interaction and filler dispersion. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR25 was slightly superior to that of ENR50. This is because ENR 25 contains more double bonds than ENR 50 hence higher strain-induced crystallinity is occurred

Effect of Blend Compositions on Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Azrini Ramlee ◽  
Siti Syuhadah Mohammad Hanapiah ◽  
Fatin Nabilah Suhaimi ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam ◽  
Sivanesan Appadu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Scanning Microscope

In this study, effect of blend compositions of irradiated polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends was carried out. In previous work, it was reported that the mechanical properties of 50/50 composition irradiated blend had performed the highest strength with addition of 6 wt% of titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, the combination of PVC/ENR in a certain ratio might results in optimal mechanical properties and other specific properties for the new blends formed. Thus, addition of 6 wt% TiO2 and varies compositional range of PVC/ENR ranging from 30, 50 and 70 wt% were prepared by melt-blending technique and the effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The blends were exposed to 0-150 kGy of electron beam irradiation before being characterized. With addition of 6 wt% TiO2, the characterization of mechanical properties including tensile strength, impact and hardness shows increment in values for all compositions. The increments of tensile strength were fall within 6-18% and as expected 70/30 PVC/ENR blends have shown the highest value. Based on the result, it revealed tensile and impact strengths achieved the optimum value at 100 kGy, while hardness increased as the radiation dose increased. From scanning microscope electron (SEM), micrographs have illustrated the blends with addition of 6 wt% TiO2 are smooth, continuous phase and less void appearance were seen. At higher dose rate, fracture paths were found to be continuous and penetrate deep into the material and this indicates that the failure is essentially brittle and it supports the above findings.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wanasorn Somphol ◽  
Thipjak Na Lampang ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

EFFECT OF ZINC DITHIOCARBAMATES AND THIAZOLE-BASED ACCELERATORS ON THE VULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Najib Alam ◽  
Swapan Kumar Mandal ◽  
Subhas Chandra Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide

Abstract Several zinc dithiocarbamates (ZDCs) as accelerator derived from safe amine has been exclusively studied in the presence of thiazole-based accelerators to introduce safe dithiocarbamate in the vulcanization of natural rubber. Comparison has been made between conventional unsafe zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMC) with safe novel ZDC combined with thizole-based accelerators in the light of mechanical properties. The study reveals that thiuram disulfide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are always formed from the reaction either between ZDC and dibenzothiazyledisulfide (MBTS) or between ZDC and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS). It has been conclusively proved that MBT generated from MBTS or CBS reacts with ZDC and produces tetramethylthiuram disulfide. The observed synergistic activity has been discussed based on the cure and physical data and explained through the results based on high-performance liquid chromatography and a reaction mechanism. Synergistic activity is observed in all binary systems studied. The highest tensile strength is observed in the zinc (N-benzyl piperazino) dithiocarbamate-accelerated system at 3:6 mM ratios. In respect of tensile strength and modulus value, unsafe ZDMC can be successfully replaced by safe ZDCs in combination with thiazole group containing accelerator.

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