Analysis of Polycrystalline Silicon-Photovoltaic Industry’s Key Technologies Development and Influences on its Cost and Energy-Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 1470-1476
Author(s):  
Chang An Ye ◽  
Xiao Fen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Polycrystalline silicon-photovoltaic industry belongs to high-and-new technology industry, but it produces massive by-products (silicon tetrachloride and so on), even partial chloro-silicane and hydrogen chloride exude into the exhaust in its production process. As a consequence, it not only increases the exhaust processing cost in the polycrystalline silicon-photovoltaic industry, but also increases pollutant discharge of the enterprise. At present, Chinese polycrystalline silicon-photovoltaic enterprises cannot solve technical difficult problems in large-scale production due to lack of coordination of chemical industry. Moreover, polycrystalline silicon has high request of purity that needs quite advanced technology to achieve. This article introduces influences upon production cost and energy consumption with the use of improved Siemens method, and proposes that polytrophic-photovoltaic industry needs to be systematized, normalized and standardized for its healthy development.

scholarly journals Kageneckia oblonga Leaves Subjected to Different Drying Methods: Drying Kinetics, Energy Consumption and Interesting Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zambra ◽  
Diógenes Hernández ◽  
Hugo Reyes ◽  
Nicole Riveros ◽  
Roberto Lemus-Mondaca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Drying Conditions

In this study, Kageneckia oblonga leaves were dried under different drying conditions and techniques [oven drying (NC), vacuum drying (VNC), convective drying (FC), and microwave-assisted convective drying (MWFC)]. Thus, the effect of temperature, vacuum, and microwave on the drying features of K. oblonga leaves was determined. Fick's second law was used to calculate the effective moisture diffusivity that varied from 3.94 to 8.14 × 10−11 m2/s, 1.12 to 1.40 × 10−11 m2/s, 7.83 to 11.36 × 10−11 m2/s, and 6.93 to 16.72 × 10−11 m2/s for NC, VNC, FC, and MWFC methods, respectively. In addition, the Weibull and Midilli–Kucuk models accurately predicted all experimental drying curves of K. oblonga leaves. Regarding the energy consumption and efficiency values for different drying methods of K. oblonga were found to be in the range of 0.20–7.50 kW·h and 0.10–3.70%, respectively. The results showed that MWFC method does not significantly affect the phenolic compounds and could be used for large-scale production of K. oblonga dried leaves.

scholarly journals The development of the market and the production technology of polycrystalline silicon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
V. V. Mitin ◽  
A. A. Kokh
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

The article is devoted to the current state and prospects of production development of main material — polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) which is used in the manufacture of products for micro and power electronics and photovoltaics. The article includes polycrystalline silicon market dynamics analysis. It is noted that the increase in polysilicon output is primarily connected to the growing needs of photovoltaics and the global trend of transition to renewable, alternative energy. It is assumed that the annual increase in the output of polysilicon will reach a level of 10−15 % or more. There are several facts that are important for the intensive development of photovoltaics. They include level of polycrystalline silicon technology and the availability of this material for large−scale production of highly efficient solar cells. According to forecasts, the main technology used in the industry based on «Siemens Process» will remain dominant in the foreseeable period of time. LLC «Kremniytehnoprom» is developing a modern polysilicon production project based on the original designs and modernization of «Siemens Process». It is planned to be created in Russia with the involvement of leading German specialists and enterprises (SPSC GmbH, GEC GmbH). The project provides maximum safety of production, despite the potential risks inherent in technology. First of all it is ensured by guarantees of hardware−technological schemes performance, reliability of the equipment and design solutions in general, as well as by a set of emergency protections. Toxic production waste will be processed into safe substances — targeted products for sale. The created enterprise will ensure the optimization of key indicators for competitive production: the price of polysilicon, production volumes, specific capital investments and current unit costs.

EYE ON CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Health Innovation ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Biology Research

China-Germany sci-tech cooperation continue to bring more opportunities. Study reveals mechanism behind ginger’s warming effect on body. Doctors in Guangzhou conduct 5G-assisted remote ultrasound scan. China proposes major changes to pharmaceutical regulations. Hangzhou attracts RMB1.5 billion investments in bio-pharmaceutical projects. Genetic testing encouraged to prevent ovarian cancer. New technology enables large-scale production of artemisinin for malaria. Shanghai wants to develop top health innovation zone. New synthetic biology research center launched in Shanghai. Chinese scientists suggest new thoughts in lupus treatment.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency And Its Determinants In Chu-Mango Farming In The Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3410-3419
Author(s):  
Truong Hong Vo Tuan Kiet Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Profit Efficiency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Large Scale Production

The paper employed a Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier profit function to measure the level of economic efficiency (EE) and its determinants. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 522 of sampling observations (212, 171, and 139 observations for seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively) randomly selected from designated locations in the Mekong Delta (MD). The study established a mean EE of 36.2%, 31.9%, and 35.9% in seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The study identifiedthe land area and wrapping bag to be positively and significantly influencing on profit efficiency among three seasons. Besides, the results of the analysis indicated that labour price was important factor in season 3 at the 5% significance level, and price of the root fertiliser, leaf fertiliser and labour affected mainly on profit efficiency in season 2 at the 1% significance level. By contrast, the variable of the fungicide price in season 2, and the root fertiliser price in season 3 were negative factors on profit efficiency at the 1% significance level. Particularly, policy solutions were recommended that farmers should design Chu-mango gardens with appropriate trees density as well as encourage gardeners to use bags for wrapping mango fruits in farming in order to increase profit efficiency. Specially, Chu-mango growers should be empowered in land area acquisition to applied advanced technology in large-scale production more effectively.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Stabilized Hydroxide-Mediated Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts for High-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Luo ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Fengning Yang ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Zhibo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Current ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting

Large-scale production of green hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting is considered as a promising technology to address critical energy challenges caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels. Although nonprecious...

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