Effects of Using Fine Quarry Waste as Cement Replacement Material on the Compressive Strength of the Mixture of Interlocking Block

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2348-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasan Teerajetgul ◽  
Suppachai Sinthaworn
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Optimum Water

The compressive strength of the sand-cement interlocking block mixtures were investigated by the method adapt from ASTM C 109. The cementitious to sand ratio of all mixtures were set at 1:2.75. Amount of water in the mixtures were 8% by weight of the solid as determined from optimum water content according to the compaction test (ASTM D698). In the mixtures, cement was replaced by fine quarry waste at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight of the binder. The results show that the average density of the mixture is 2.30 ton/m3 while increasing percentage of fine quarry wastes to replace cement decreases the compressive strength of the mixture at all tested ages (i.e. 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days). Moreover, the compressive strength ratio, the proposed parameter in this paper, shows a close relationship between percentages replacement of fine quarry wastes and compressive strength at later age.

scholarly journals Significance of Stone Waste in Strength Improvement of Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Kiran Devi ◽  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Dharmender Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

The evolution of industries is essential for the economic growth of any country; however, this growth often comes with exploitation of natural resources and generation of wastes. The safe disposal and utilisation of industrial wastes has become essential for sustainable development. A possible approach would be to utilize these wastes in construction industries. The stone industry is one such flawed industries that generates waste in dust or slurry form; this leads harmful impacts on human beings, animals, and surrounding areas which, in turn, can lead to soil infertility. In the present study, stone waste was examined for its influence on maximum dry density (MDD), optimum water content (OMC) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil experimentally. Stone waste was used at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% by weight of soil and UCS tests were conducted at maturing periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Test results reported that the incorporation of stone waste improved the compressive strength value significantly. Maximum dry density was enhanced; however, optimum water content was reduced with the use of stone waste in soil due to its fine particles. Linear regression equations were also derived for various properties.

scholarly journals Measuring Compressive Strength Characteristics of Soil-Dobak-Glue Mixtures over Curing Time

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Myeonghwan Kim ◽  
Seongjun Eom
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Water

The building materials used by mankind in the past, such as stone, soil, and wood, have been environment-friendly. However, the various building materials invented over time with the development of the industrial age pose problems such as environmental hormone generation and waste generation/disposal. To overcome these problems, building materials based on soil, a traditional building material, are being developed by researchers. However, the improvement in soil’s structural characteristics is insufficient as it excessively emphasizes efficacy and function only. In this study, lime and Dobak-glue were mixed with soil to solve the structural problems and improve the strength of soil, and water content and change in strength in accordance with curing time were tested. In order to understand the change in strength, a compaction test was performed by preparing a standard specimen based on the optimum water content and maximum dry density. The lime mix required optimum water content and quantity of lime equal to 3% of soil weight, while the Dobak-glue mix was prepared by soil mixing in the same weight ratio as optimum water content. Changes in water content and compressive strength were measured over curing time of 3, 7, and 28 days. Three specimens, lime mixed specimen, Dobak-glue mixed specimen, and standard specimen, were prepared, and their water content and compressive strength values were averaged. Although the change in water content according to the curing period differed depending on the material mixed with soil, there was no significant difference between 7.12% and 2.82% after 7 days. As for the change in compressive strength, the initial compressive strength in lime mixed specimen was excellent, but the Dobak-glue mixed specimen displayed the greatest strength after 7 days. To conclude, Dobak-glue is an eco-friendly material, and it can be very useful in compensating for the structural shortcomings of soil.

scholarly journals Significance of Stone Waste in Strength Improvement of Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Kiran Devi ◽  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Dharmender Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

The evolution of industries is essential for the economic growth of any country; however, this growth often comes with exploitation of natural resources and generation of wastes. The safe disposal and utilisation of industrial wastes has become essential for sustainable development. A possible approach would be to utilize these wastes in construction industries. The stone industry is one such flawed industries that generates waste in dust or slurry form; this leads harmful impacts on human beings, animals, and surrounding areas which, in turn, can lead to soil infertility. In the present study, stone waste was examined for its influence on maximum dry density (MDD), optimum water content (OMC) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil experimentally. Stone waste was used at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% by weight of soil and UCS tests were conducted at maturing periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Test results reported that the incorporation of stone waste improved the compressive strength value significantly. Maximum dry density was enhanced; however, optimum water content was reduced with the use of stone waste in soil due to its fine particles. Linear regression equations were also derived for various properties.

scholarly journals Compaction and CBR Characteristics of Sandy Clay Stabilised with Fibre-Mixed Binder

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
K. L. Tsai ◽  
C. M. Chan ◽  
P. C. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

Soil chemical stabilization is an effective yet comparatively economical ground improvement method which involves injecting or blending a binder into the existing soil to enhance the geotechnical properties (e.g. strength and stiffness) for load-bearing purposes. The technique is especially beneficial for road construction works on clayey soil of limited load-bearing capacity such as rural roads. It required thick road base is critical to ensure long-term stability and performance. An endeavour is therefore undertaken to examine the effectiveness of a proprietary fibre-mixed binder in stabilizing soils (sandy clay) nature to serve as road base material. Kaolin was mixed with sand as the base soil at ratios of 0, 25 and 50% sand addition. The fibre-mixed binder was added at dosages of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% as recommended by the proprietor. Standard compaction test was first carried out to determine the optimum water content for each kaolin-sand mix. Then left to cure for 1, 3, 7 and 28 days before subjected to the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. From the test results, it was found that 2.5% binder addition was sufficient to attain the minimum CBR requirement of 30% for supporting a conventional flexible pavement, as per JKR standard. However, the 100% clay sample required higher binder dosages. Clearly sand particles in the soil contributed to the formation of skeletal scaffolding of the soil matrix, bound and supported by the fibre-mixed binder for enhanced strength properties. This was evident in the compaction test where 50% sand addition reduced the optimum water content by almost half compared to the 100% clay. Moreover 3-day curing could adequately strengthen all samples to attain the minimum CBR requirement (JKR standard), irrespective of the binder dosage used. In conclusion, it could effectively strengthen sandy clay soils within 3 days with dosages as low as 2.5%.  

Aspects of the behaviour of compacted clayey soils on drying and wetting paths

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Fleureau ◽  
Jean-Claude Verbrugge ◽  
Pedro J Huergo ◽  
António Gomes Correia ◽  
Siba Kheirbek-Saoud
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

A relatively large number of drying and wetting tests have been performed on clayey soils compacted at the standard or modified Proctor optimum water content and maximum density and compared with tests on normally consolidated or overconsolidated soils. The results show that drying and wetting paths on compacted soils are fairly linear and reversible in the void ratio or water content versus negative pore-water pressure planes. On the wet side of the optimum, the wetting paths are independent of the compaction water content and can be approached by compaction tests with measurement of the negative pore-water pressure. Correlations have been established between the liquid limit of the soils and such properties as the optimum water content and negative pore-water pressure, the maximum dry density, and the swelling or drying index. Although based on a limited number of tests, these correlations provide a fairly good basis to model the drying–wetting paths when all the necessary data are not available.Key words: compaction, unsaturated soils, clays, drying, wetting, Proctor conditions.

Compacted soil behaviour through changes of density, suction, and stiffness of soils with remoulding water content

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Zhang ◽  
Y.J. Cui ◽  
F. Lamas-Lopez ◽  
N. Calon ◽  
S. Costa D’Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Hydromechanical Behaviour ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Soil Behaviour ◽  
Optimum Water ◽  
Water Contents

To better understand the overall hydromechanical behaviour of interlayer soil, the compaction behaviour of one of the two components — the portion of fines (<4 mm) that is sensitive to water content changes — was investigated. The standard Proctor compaction curves were first determined for the soils. Then, the maximum shear modulus, Gmax, and suction were measured on samples statically compacted at an identical dry density, but different remoulding water contents. The changes in Gmax reveal the existence of a characteristic water content corresponding to the maximum Gmax. The results also show that this characteristic water content increases with the soil plasticity, being similar to the variation trend of optimum water content with soil plasticity. A bimodal pattern was observed from the plot of total suction ψ versus the slope of water content w–log(ψ) curve. The suction corresponding to the maximum Gmax is close to the lowest point between the two peaks in the ψ–dw/dlog(ψ) curve. A reasonable explanation was attempted for the correspondence between the “optimum water content” defined by the maximum value of Gmax and the corresponding suction. The difference between the static and dynamic compactions was also explained in terms of suction values.

Mechanical Properties of Bentonite-Sand Mixtures Under Triaxial Stress Condition

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Umedera ◽  
A. Fujiwara ◽  
N. Yasufuku ◽  
M. Hyodo ◽  
H. Murata
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Triaxial Compression Tests ◽  
Optimum Water

AbstractA series of triaxial compression tests is being conducted under the drained condition on bentonite and sand mixtures, known as buffer, in saturated and optimum water content states to clarify the mechanical properties of the buffer.It was found that the mechanical properties of bentonite and sand mixtures are strongly influenced by water and bentonite contents: shear strength in a saturated state is less than that in an optimum water content state; shear strength decreases rapidly with increasing bentonite content. Strength properties are much dependent on confining pressure.

scholarly journals Research on the Optimum Water Content of Detecting Soil Nitrogen Using Near Infrared Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong He ◽  
Shupei Xiao ◽  
Pengcheng Nie ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Fangfang Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

Study on Reasonable Feature of Compaction Loess with Air Porosities

2012 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Ling Hao Wang ◽  
Fu Li Ma ◽  
Xiao Hong Bai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Compression Coefficient ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Compaction Method ◽  
Optimum Water

The degree of compaction is usually used as the compaction quality and control indicator of backfill in practical project. However, as the degree of compaction is affected by various internal and external factors, its accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In this paper, compacted loess samples were prepared under different compaction energies by normal compaction method. The curves of compression coefficient and dry density, the compression coefficient and porosity of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy are analyzed while the water content is constant. The air porosities of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy and water content are calculated and summed up. The air porosity of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy is more stable than the degree of compaction when the water content is exactly equal to the optimum water content. The rationality of using air porosity as the loess compaction quality control indicator is discussed. It is proposed using air porosity as additional indicator of compaction quality control on the condition of the loess compacted dry density meeting the requirements. The air porosity less than 6.5% is suggested as the additional quality control indictor for region backfill compaction.

Properties of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Corn Starch Sizing Agent Modified in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 2103-2107
Author(s):  
Yue Juan Wang ◽  
Hong Jun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Variance Ratio ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Co2 Treatment ◽  
Optimum Water

This paper describes an experiment of Corn starch treatment with α-amylase under the condition of supercritical CO2 at 50°C, 11MPa, and investigates the effects of different water content on supercritical CO2 treatment of corn starch. The results demonstrate that the viscosity of the treated starch is much lower than that of untreated starch, as well as the variance ratio of the viscosity is up to 96%. The optimum water content for the degradation of the enzymatic reaction is 2%;when water content is up to 3%, the viscosity of the serosity is 5Mpa•s, and the sizing performance reaches the best.

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