Study on the Geopolymerization of Geothermal Silica and Kaolinite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Olvianas ◽  
Mazaya Najmina ◽  
Bernardo Saktya Ludy Prihardana ◽  
Fransiskus A.K.G.P. Sutapa ◽  
Anis Nurhayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Geothermal Plant ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Geothermal plant produces numerous kinds of possible side products. One of them is silica as a consequence of the existing silica scaling problem which causes geothermal power plant efficiency depletion. The silica recovery possesses a way to utilize it. Geopolymer concrete is a solution to utilize the abundance recovered geothermal silica with low energy consumption and green house gas emission. Thus, in this study, the geopolymerization of geothermal silica and kaolinite will be observed. Geopolymer was inorganic polymer consist of Si and Al atoms that formed through polymerization process. The raw materials being used are geothermal silica as amorphous silica source and kaolinite as alumina source, whereas the activator composed of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Geothermal silica possesses amorphous structure which had been proven by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis with 96.09% silica (SiO2) content and 18.92% alumina (Al2O3) content of kaolinite. The experiment conducted to determine geopolymerization rate of geothermal silica and kaolinite reaction in presence of alkali activator with certain composition and temperature variation ranged from 80°C up to 120°C. Study on geopolymerization rate was carried out by observing geopolymer bond along with the compressive strength as a function of curing time and temperature. As for geopolymer bonds for each sample with different curing temperatures, FTIR and SEM analysis were used to investigate.

Synthesis and Characterization of PMMA/MMT Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Jun Qiao ◽  
Jia Wei Shen ◽  
Xiang Hong Huang ◽  
Qian Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

PMMA/MMT nanocomposites has been prepared by using methyl methacrylate (MMA), montmorillonite (MMT) and ethanolamine as the raw materials via an in-situ free radical polymerization process. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the poly(methyl methacrylate) and inorganic montmorillonite have been effectively combined. The structure and thermal stability of the as-prepared nanocomposites are different from the content of MMT in the nanacomposites.

Microstructural Analysis of Clay Ceramic Added with Argillite and Grog

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Regina Maria Pinheiro ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Space ◽  
Ceramic Sintering ◽  
Sintering Conditions

The microstructure of a 1050oC fired clay ceramic added with both argillite and discarded ceramic waste, known as grog, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to evaluate not only the developed crystallographic phases but also the ceramic sintering conditions associated with the grog and argillite additions. The XRD results showed the presence of quartz and feldspar existing in the raw materials as well as hematite and mullite transformed at high temperature from the precursor clays. The SEM analysis revealed a consolidated ceramic structure in which the sintering process was effective in reducing the initial space between particles and thus improving the structural compactness.

Amorphization of Fe-Ni Based Alloys by Laser Cladding and Remelting

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1420-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhu Guo Li ◽  
Chen Wu Yao ◽  
Shun Yao ◽  
Feng Gui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Power ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Fe32Ni32Si16B18Nb2, Fe31Ni31Si18B18Nb2 and Fe30Ni30Si20B18Nb2, (at. %) alloys are synthesized using low purity of raw materials by high power CO2 laser cladding with synchronous powder feeding. X-ray diffraction results show that the coating has an amorphous structure with some crystalline phases on it. The microstructure of the coatings changes with different amounts of Si. It can be observed that black nanocrystalline grains embedded in the amorphous phase in the TEM image. The coating of Fe31Ni31Si18B18Nb2 alloy was annealed at different temperature for 30 minutes and the microstructure were investigated. The highest Vickers Hardness had exceeded 1300 in the coatings. The amount of Si is a critical factor for fabricating a Fe-Ni based amorphous composite coating.

scholarly journals Ultralight Industrial Bamboo Residue-Derived Holocellulose Thermal Insulation Aerogels with Hydrophobic and Fire Resistant Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxiao Huang ◽  
Yunshui Yu ◽  
Yan Qing ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Jia Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In this study, water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate- (APP) and methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS)-modified industrial bamboo residue (IBR)-derived holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNF/APP/MTMS) were used as the raw materials to prepare aerogels in a freeze-drying process. Synthetically modified aerogels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal stability measurements. As-prepared HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels showed themselves to be soft and flexible. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the foam-like structure translates into a 3D network structure from HCNF aerogels to HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels. The compressive modules of the HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels were decreased from 38 kPa to 8.9 kPa with a density in the range of 12.04–28.54 kg/m3, which was due to the structural change caused by the addition of APP and MTMS. Compared with HCNF aerogels, HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels showed a high hydrophobicity, in which the water contact angle was 130°, and great flame retardant properties. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased from 466.6 to 219.1 kW/m2 and 0.18 to 0.04 m2, respectively, meanwhile, the fire growth rate (FIGRA) decreased to 8.76 kW/s·m2. The thermal conductivity of the HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels was 0.039 W/m·K. All results indicated the prepared aerogels should be expected to show great potential for thermally insulative materials.

scholarly journals X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) And Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis Of Potsherds, Sungai Batu Complex, Bujang Valley, Kedah Sungai Batu Complex, Bujang Valley, Kedah

Warta Geologi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim ◽  
◽  
Mokhtar Saidin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Clay Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Scanning Electron

Archaeological excavations at the Sungai Batu Archeological Complex have unearthed potsherds with monument structures. The discovery of the potsherds enables scientific studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis to be conducted and resolve related issues such as where the raw materials were obtained by the manufacturers. To solve the issue, potsherds were taken from around the ancient river, and scientific analyses was conducted for comparison purposes. Before the clay sample was subjected to the scientific analyses, the samples were cleaned and measured (for weight, thickness and width). Color sampling was also performed. Based on results of the analyses, it clearly shows that the potsherds was produced using raw materials from the ancient river in the Sungai Batu Complex itself and baked at a temperature between 550°C and 650°C.

Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamo Usman Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Kamal Zaky Noh ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Rice husk ash (RHA) as a silica source was studied, resulting from burning at a temperature of       700oC in an electric furnace. RHA consists of inorganic, incombustible matter in the rice husk that has been fused into an amorphous structure. Microscopic techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the surface and internal structure of the RHA. The results among other things revealed that RHA consist of mainly SiO2, with amorphous structure, Microscopic examination showed that has a porous cellular structure and consists of irregular-shaped particles.   

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

scholarly journals A Study of Thin Film Resistors Prepared Using Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta High Entropy Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruei-Cheng Lin ◽  
Tai-Kuang Lee ◽  
Der-Ho Wu ◽  
Ying-Chieh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Film Resistors

Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta resistive thin films were prepared on glass and Al2O3substrates by DC magnetron cosputtering from targets of Ni0.35-Cr0.25-Si0.2-Al0.2casting alloy and Ta metal. Electrical properties and microstructures of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films under different sputtering powers and annealing temperatures were investigated. The phase evolution, microstructure, and composition of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). When the annealing temperature was set to 300°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films with an amorphous structure were observed. When the annealing temperature was at 500°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films crystallized into Al0.9Ni4.22, Cr2Ta, and Ta5Si3phases. The Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films deposited at 100 W and annealed at 300°C which exhibited the higher resistivity 2215 μΩ-cm with −10 ppm/°C of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR).

Facile Solid State Method Route Synthesis and Enhance Visible Light Activities of BiVO4 by Doping Co

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Jing Ling Hu ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Method

Using NH4VO3, Bi (NO3)3•5H2O and Co (NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, Co doped BiVO4 (Co/BiVO4) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solid state method. And the photo catalytic properties were test in this work. Crystal structures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Methyl Orange (MO) was simulated as the sewage under the visible light to explorer the influence of the illumination time and the mass of photocatalyst. The visible-light absorption spectrum of BiVO4 was broadening with doping Co. It was found that the Co/BiVO4 had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 .The reason of enhanced catalytic effect also had been analyzed and discussed in the article.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document