Fabrication of Poly(acrylonitrile)/PAN Nanofiber Using a Drum Collector Electrospinning System for Water Purification Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Miftahul Munir ◽  
Muhamad Prama Ekaputra ◽  
Abdul Rajak ◽  
Annisa Rahma ◽  
Ade Yeti Nuryantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile ◽  
Pan Nanofiber ◽  
Filtration Technique

The development of filtration technique for water purification has been performed ranging from the conventional to the advanced technique such as coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. However, the major challenge to be addressed in the filtration technique is the tendency of membrane fouling or clogging. This effect causes a decreasein the flux and effectiveness of membrane filtration. In this study, we reported the fabrication of poly (acrylonitrile)/PAN nanofiber membrane by electrospinning technique and their application for water purification. A drum collector electrospinning system was used to produce uniform nanofiber membrane. Nanofiber membrane was fabricated from precursor solution which was prepared by dissolving poly (acrylonitrile) that has molecular weight of 150.000 g/mol in n,n-dimethylformamide (DMF). PAN nanofiber membrane were fabricated via electrospinning technique with 8wt% in concentration. The morphology of the membrane was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis showed that uniform nanofiber was formed with average fiber diameter of 290-370 nm. Three different concentrations of antacid suspension were prepared as the sample in order to test the performance of PAN nanofiber as membrane filter. Flux test was carried out by applying various pressure against the membrane in order to obtain the flux values of each variation of waste water model. The purity of the filtrate was analyzed by using UV spectrophotometer and the result show a decreased absorbance by 93%.

Photocatalytic removal of nitrate using TiO2/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane synthesized by co-electrospinning process

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Suriyaraj ◽  
M. Benasir Begam ◽  
S. G. Deepika ◽  
P. Biji ◽  
R. Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pan Nanofiber

The present study investigates the development of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by photocatalysis. The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by conventional sol–gel method followed by blending them into PAN polymer. The blended solution was electrospun into nanofiber using the co-electrospinning technique. The nanoparticle, PAN nanofibers and the TiO2 impregnated nanofibers were characterized using suitable techniques like X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average size and the diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/PAN nanofibers were found to be 22 ± 0.32 nm and 90 ± 15 nm respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/PAN nanofibers showed maximum nitrate removal of 74.67 and 39% respectively at 10 mg/L nitrate concentration at pH 4. However at higher concentration (50 mg/L), the nitrate removal was found to be only 16.87%. The experimental data were fitted onto pseudo second-order kinetic model. The impregnation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the PAN nanofibers by co-electrospinning techniques lead to higher removal of nitrate in aqueous solution at lower concentration (10 mg/L and below). However at higher concentration, the TiO2/PAN nanofiber membrane was inefficient to remove nitrate.

Membrane Fouling and Hybrid Membrane Filtration System in Water Purification

MEMBRANE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Fujii ◽  
Sadaki Samitsu ◽  
Izumi Ichinose
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Filtration System

Comparison of UV and chlorine pretreatment in pilot plant micro-filter membrane separation for drinking water

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
J.Y. Huang ◽  
S. Takizawa ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Solids Removal

Methods to control bio-fouling, i.e. UV-irradiation and chlorination pretreatment were evaluated in dead-end membrane filtration. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out at Kosuzume Water Purification Plant, which is located at the Sagami River in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As a result, both UV-irradiation and chlorination strongly suppressed the increase of transmembrane pressure and prevented bio-fouling. However, in the case of pre-chlorination, the membrane color changed from white to brown after a long use, causing irreversible membrane fouling due probably to manganese adsorption. Suspended solids removal by membrane filtration decreased the formation potential for CHCl3, but didn't affect the CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials. Pre-chlorination, however, increased both CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials, thus making up for the reduction in CHCl3 formation potential due to membrane filtration. UV-irradiation pretreatment combined with membrane filtration in the water purification process is regarded as an accessible method and was proved effective in controlling bio-fouling, which gave us a better water quality without increasing trihalomethanes in contrast to pre-chlorination.

Coagulation/flocculation/ultrafiltration for natural organic matter removal in drinking water production

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Costa ◽  
M.N. de Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM), namely by humic substances (HS), is a major problem in water treatment for drinking water production using membrane processes. Membrane fouling is dependent on membrane morphology like pore size and on water characteristics namely NOM nature. This work addresses the evaluation of the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) and Coagulation/Flocculation/UF performance in terms of permeation fluxes and HS removal, of the water from Tagus River (Valada). The operation of coagulation with chitosan was evaluated as a pretreatment for minimization of membrane fouling. UF experiments were carried out in flat cells of 13.2×10−4 m2 of membrane surface area and at transmembrane pressures from 1 to 4 bar. Five cellulose acetate membranes were laboratory made to cover a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 2,300, 11,000, 28,000, 60,000 and 75,000 Da. Severe fouling is observed for the membranes with the highest cut-off. In the permeation experiments of raw water, coagulation prior to membrane filtration led to a significant improvement of the permeation performance of the membranes with the highest MWCO due to the particles and colloidal matter removal.

scholarly journals Potential Pitfalls in Membrane Fouling Evaluation: Merits of Data Representation as Resistance Instead of Flux Decline in Membrane Filtration

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Blankert ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen ◽  
Amy E. Childress ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Filtration Flux

The manner in which membrane-fouling experiments are conducted and how fouling performance data are represented have a strong impact on both how the data are interpreted and on the conclusions that may be drawn. We provide a couple of examples to prove that it is possible to obtain misleading conclusions from commonly used representations of fouling data. Although the illustrative example revolves around dead-end ultrafiltration, the underlying principles are applicable to a wider range of membrane processes. When choosing the experimental conditions and how to represent fouling data, there are three main factors that should be considered: (I) the foulant mass is principally related to the filtered volume; (II) the filtration flux can exacerbate fouling effects (e.g., concentration polarization and cake compression); and (III) the practice of normalization, as in dividing by an initial value, disregards the difference in driving force and divides the fouling effect by different numbers. Thus, a bias may occur that favors the experimental condition with the lower filtration flux and the less-permeable membrane. It is recommended to: (I) avoid relative fouling performance indicators, such as relative flux decline (J/J0); (II) use resistance vs. specific volume; and (III) use flux-controlled experiments for fouling performance evaluation.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Oxidation on Coagulation/Ceramic Membrane Treatment of Yangtze River Water

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Shengji Xia ◽  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Yuanchen Zhao ◽  
Fibor J. Tan ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Membrane Treatment

The membrane separation process is being widely used in water treatment. It is very important to control membrane fouling in the process of water treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a pre-oxidation-coagulation flat ceramic membrane filtration process using different oxidant types and dosages in water treatment and membrane fouling control. The results showed that under suitable concentration conditions, the effect on membrane fouling control of a NaClO pre-oxidation combined with a coagulation/ceramic membrane system was better than that of an O3 system. The oxidation process changed the structure of pollutants, reduced the pollution load and enhanced the coagulation process in a pre-oxidation-coagulation system as well. The influence of the oxidant on the filtration system was related to its oxidizability and other characteristics. NaClO and O3 performed more efficiently than KMnO4. NaClO was more conducive to the removal of DOC, and O3 was more conducive to the removal of UV254.

The Influence of Carbohydrate Gelling Agents on Rat Intestinal Transport of Monosaccharides and Neutral Amino Acids in Vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Elsenhans ◽  
U. Süfke ◽  
R. Blume ◽  
W. F. Caspary
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Layer Resistance ◽  
Filtration Technique

1. In the present investigation with rings of everted rat small intestine, carbohydrate gelling agents (plant polysaccharides) such as guaran, pectin, tragacanth, carubin and carrageenan were employed to study their direct effect on intestinal absorption of α-methyl-d-glucoside, d-galactose, l-leucine and l-phenylalanine. 2. Inhibition was found to correlate with the viscosity of the incubation medium, a function only of the polysaccharide concentration, and was independent of other properties of the carbohydrate gelling agents. 3. Reversal of this inhibition was achieved either by washing the tissue free of polysaccharide or by raising tissue agitation. 4. Uptake kinetics in polysaccharide-containing solutions revealed a marked increase of the apparent Michaelis constant although the maximal transport capacity remained essentially unaltered. 5. Since there was no binding of the substrate by the polysaccharides under experimental conditions as judged by a membrane filtration technique, it is concluded that carbohydrate gelling agents may impair intestinal absorption by means of an increased unstirred layer resistance.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Controlled by Adjustment of Biological Treatment Parameters in Step-Aerating MBR

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dimitra C. Banti ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas ◽  
Petros Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fouling Reduction

A promising solution for membrane fouling reduction in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) could be the adjustment of operating parameters of the MBR, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), food/microorganisms (F/M) loading and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, aiming to modify the sludge morphology to the direction of improvement of the membrane filtration. In this work, these parameters were investigated in a step-aerating pilot MBR that treated municipal wastewater, in order to control the filamentous population. When F/M loading in the first aeration tank (AT1) was ≤0.65 ± 0.2 g COD/g MLSS/d at 20 ± 3 °C, DO = 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L and HRT = 1.6 h, the filamentous bacteria were controlled effectively at a moderate filament index of 1.5–3. The moderate population of filamentous bacteria improved the membrane performance, leading to low transmembrane pressure (TMP) at values ≤2 kPa for a great period, while at the control MBR the TMP gradually increased reaching 14 kPa. Soluble microbial products (SMP), were also maintained at low concentrations, contributing additionally to the reduction of ΤΜP. Finally, the step-aerating MBR process and the selected imposed operating conditions of HRT, F/M and DO improved the MBR performance in terms of fouling control, facilitating its future wider application.

Treatment of highly-colored surface water by a hybrid microfiltration membrane system incorporating ion-exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyoshi ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Nitisoravut ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Filtration System

Abstract This study investigated the performance of a hybrid membrane filtration system to produce industrial water from highly-colored surface water. The system consists of a membrane filtration process with appropriate pretreatments, including coagulation, pre-chlorination, and anion exchange (IE) process. The results of the pilot-scale experiments revealed that the hybrid system can produce treated water with color of around 5 Pt-Co, dissolved manganese concentration of no more than 0.05 mg/L, and a silt density index (SDI) of no more than 5 when sufficient coagulant and sodium hypochlorite were dosed. Although the IE process effectively reduced the color of the water, a moderate increase in the color of the IE effluent was observed when there was a significant increase in the color of the raw water. This resulted in a severe membrane fouling, which was likely to be attributed to the excess production of inorganic sludge associated with the increased coagulant dosage required to achieve sufficient reduction of color. Such severe membrane fouling can be controlled by optimising the backwashing and relaxation frequencies during the membrane filtration. These results indicate that the hybrid system proposed is a suitable technology for treating highly-colored surface water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document