Removal of Organics from Huangpu River Water by Different Coagulants

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1128-1131
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Nai Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
Huangpu River ◽  
Optimal Ph

Jar-test experiments were performed to investigate the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation in organic removal from Huangpu river water. The results show that，For Huangpu river water, the suitable type of coagulant is ferrous chloride; the optimal pH for the removal of organics is 5.5, and the dose of FeCl3 is 30mg•L-1, at which the removal effect of the DOC ,UV254 are 42% ,56% and 60% respectively; As a matter of fact, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate have similar removal effect to organics at ambient pH, while can gain higher efficiency at pH 5.5, (higher 12% DOC and 20% UV254), we can conclude that the main mechanism for coagulation to remove organics is the reactions between coagulants hydrolysis species and organics; Seen from the result of UV scan, the enhanced coagulation remove mainly the organics which can be adsorbed by the UV whose wavelength higher than 250 nm, which is mainly aromatic compounds and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Enhanced coagulation can reduce the chlorine demand of the raw water effectively, for it can remove the organics which can adsorbed by the UV at 272nm.

scholarly journals Studi proses koagulasi air baku untuk air bersih di wilayah bencana pasca tsunami kabupaten aceh besar

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ignasius D.A. Sutapa
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Sedimentation Time

Study on raw water coagulation process for potable water production in the post-tsunami disaster areas district aceh besarThe coagulation – flocculation process in potable water treatment is very important to be studied in greater detail, since it has a very major impact on subsequent water purification processes and the quality of the water product. Types of coagulant that are commonly used are aluminum sulfate (alum) and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC). The objective of this research was to determine the optimum coagulant type and concentration to be applied for the treatment of surface water in post-tsunami disaster areas. This research is urgently required to design clean water installation in such area. Jar test of coagulants was performed to measure the efficiency of coagulation and sampling interval. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the raw water turbidity influences the sedimentation time. At turbidity below 15 NTU, the optimum sedimentation time was 5 minutes. At turbidities above 15 NTU, the sedimentation was quicker, namely 1 minute. Based on jar test results on Krueng Raya river water, it can be observed that this river water can be treated with aluminum sulfate coagulant at 20 ppm dose. When PAC coagulant was used, the optimum dose was 15 ppm.Keyword: coagulant, efficiency, coagulation, water quality.AbstrakProses koagulasi flokulasi dalam pengolahan air minum sangat penting untuk ditinjau lebih jauh karena mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap proses purifikasi air berikutnya dan kualitas air produksi. Jenis koagulan yang sering dipakai adalah alumunium sulfat (alum) dan poly alumunium chloride (PAC). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tipe dan konsentrasi optimal koagulan yang diaplikasikan pada air baku berupa air permukaan di wilayah bencana pasca tsunami. Hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk membuat perencanaan rancangan instalasi pengolahan air bersih di wilayah tersebut. Jar test koagulan dilakukan untuk menentukan efisiensi koagulasi dan waktu sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan kekeruhan air baku mempengaruhi waktu sedimentasi. Pada kekeruhan di bawah 15 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU), waktu optimum sedimentasi adalah lima menit, tetapi pada air baku yang kekeruhannya di atas 15 NTU, waktu sedimentasi lebih cepat yaitu satu menit saja. Dari hasil jar tes yang dilakukan terhadap air di sungai Krueng Raya dapat dilihat bahwa air sungai Krueng Raya dapat diolah dengan bahan koagulan aluminium sulfat pada dosis 20 ppm, sedangkan jika menggunakan bahan koagulan PAC memerlukan dosis optimal 15 ppm.Kata kunci : koagulan, efisiensi, koagulasi, kualitas air

scholarly journals Effectiveness of caporite to reduce concentration of iron and mangan in Ciliwung river water as raw water PDAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nadhila Aulia Dwiputri ◽  
Mia Azizah ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Manganese Level ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The water of the Ciliwung river used as raw water for PDAM Depok contains iron and manganese, which levels were quite high and exceeded the quality standard. The purposes of the research are to determine the effectiveness of caporite to reduce levels of iron and manganese to reach levels that meet the standards of Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001. The sample used in this study was the water of the Ciliwung river used as a source of raw water for PDAM Depok with two different water treatment plant (WTP) locations, location 1 in Legong WTP and location 2 in Citayam WTP. Raw water was taken using a submersible water pump located at the bottom of the Ciliwung river. The analytical method used as a reference for determining iron levels was based on the FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method 1970, and for manganese levels was based on 1- (2-Pyridylazo) -2-Naphthol PAN Method 1977, both methods using the Spectrophotometric method. The results showed that iron and manganese levels were quite high, exceeding the standards of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 with a maximum standard of iron content is 0.3 mg/L, and a maximum standard of manganese level is 0.1 mg/L. After adding a certain dose of chlorine to Ciliwung river water in the Legong and Citayam WTPs, it was found that chlorine effectively reduced Fe and Mn levels because it was able to reduce levels up to 80% and meet the quality standards.Keywords: Caporite, Iron, Manganese, Ciliwung River, RegulationABSTRAKEfektivitas kaporit untuk menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan dalam air sungai Ciliwung sebagai air baku PDAMAir sungai Ciliwung yang digunakan sebagai air baku PDAM Depok terdapat zat besi dan mangan dengan kadarnya cukup tinggi serta melebihi ambang baku mutu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas kaporit dalam menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan sehingga memenuhi standar baku mutu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 1. Sampel air yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari 2 titik lokasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) yang berbeda, yaitu  dari IPA Legong dan  IPA Citayam. Sampel air baku diambil dengan menggunakan pompa air submersible (pompa celup) yang berada di dasar sungai Ciliwung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen jar test di laboratorium. Metode analisis untuk menentukan kadar besi  mengacu pada FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method tahun 1970 dan mangan berdasarkan 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Napthol PAN Method tahun 1977 dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar besi dan mangan yang cukup tinggi hingga melebihi standar yang telah ditetapkan dalam PP No.82 Tahun 2001 dengan kadar Fe maksimal 0,3 mg/L dan kadar Mn maksimal 0,1 mg/L. Setelah dilakukan penambahan bahan kimia kaporit ke dalam sampel air sungai Ciliwung  dari  IPA Legong dan Citayam, dengan dosis 10 mg/L untuk penurunan Fe dan 30 mg/L untuk penurunan Mn dapat efektif menurunkan konsentrasi Fe dan Mn  hingga 80%, dan memenuhi  standar baku mutu yang digunakan.Kata Kunci: Kaporit, Besi, Mangan, Sungai Ciliwung, Baku Mutu

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dosis Aluminium Sulfat Terhadap Kekeruhan dan Kadar Besi Air Baku pada IPA PDAM X

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dimas Frananta Simatupang ◽  
Gimelliya Saragih ◽  
Martin Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

One of the first steps in processing river water into drinking water is by removing the turbidity of the river water. Turbidity can be removed by adding a chemical called a coagulant. This study aims to obtain data on how the effect of using coagulant dosage variations in reducing turbidity and iron content in raw water at the water treatment plant (IPA) PDAM X. The study was conducted using the jar test method to determine the dose of aluminum sulfate coagulant in reducing turbidity and colorimetric method using visible spectrophotometry to determine iron content that meets quality standard criteria. The results showed that the higher the coagulant dose, the lower the turbidity and iron content of the raw water. Coagulant doses with up to 30 ppm were able to reduce turbidity with an efficiency of 92.67% and reduce iron levels up 96.10%.

scholarly journals Study of PFS and PAC coagulation effect on Pi River water

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Wan-Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
River Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Better Than

Using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and poly-ferric sulfate (PFS) as coagulants, the effects of the dosage of PAC and PFS on the removal of turbidity, chromaticity and UV254* in water were investigated by using the method of enhanced coagulation. The results show that when the raw water is neutral and the turbidity is less than 20NTU, and the pH value does not decrease much after coagulation and sedimentation, PAC and PFS are separately added to 7.5mg/l, 35mg/l. The removal rate of turbidity and chromaticity in the water sample can reach 83.75% and 48.47%, respectively, but the removal rate of UV254* is less than 30%, the mass ratio of PAC to PFS is 1:1 to 6:1, the removal efficiency of turbidity and Chroma increased by about 10%, but the removal efficiency of UV254* did not change or even decreased, both PFS and PAC can effectively remove the turbidity and Chroma in the micro polluted Pi River, but the removal effect of UV254* is not good, and the removal effect of PAC is better than PFS.

Study on Removing Atrazine and Chlorothalonil in Raw Water in Reservoirs in North China by PAC Adsorption and Enhanced Coagulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zou ◽  
Xiao Bin Tang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jian Jun Zhou ◽  
Fu Jin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
North China ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

By the coagulation-flocculation jar test, the PAC adsorption property and coagulation removal property of Atrazine and Chlorothalonil, and influence on removal effect of Atrazine and Chlorothalonil by PAC Adsorption and Enhanced Coagulation in combination have been acknowledged, with different doses of PAC or polyaluminium chloride. The results of test showed that PAC can absorb Atrazine and Chlorothalonil effectively, and that the removal effect of the enhanced coagulation for Atrazine and Chlorothalonil is affected by coagulation effect. Enhanced coagulation cannot remove Atrazine effectively, while it can remove 75% of Chlorothalonil. PAC adsorption and enhanced coagulation in combination can remove Atrazine and Chlorothalonil effectively. For the initial concentration of 0.1 mg/L of Atrazine, dosage of 60mg/L of PAC and 20mg/L polyaluminium chloride can reach more than 98% removal efficiency, and make treated water standard. For the initial concentration of 0.1 mg/L of Chlorothalonil, dosage of 20mg/L of PAC and 20mg/L polyaluminium chloride can reach more than 90% removal efficiency and make treated water up to standard.

Raw water treatment using bentonite-chitosan as a coagulant

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syafalni ◽  
Ismail Abustan ◽  
Siti Nor Farhana Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Zawawi ◽  
Rafini Abd Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Optimal Ph

The effectiveness of bentonite using chitosan as a coagulant for raw water treatment was assessed in this study. The possible link between Alzheimer's disease with conventional aluminium based coagulants, has become an issue in water treatment. A method for treating water, using a natural approach as an alternate to achieve enhanced coagulation, might help to reduce risk to health, and be more environmentally friendly. One method for removing turbidity from raw water is by the adding of a primary coagulant (e.g., a natural polymer of chitosan) and a coagulant aid (e.g., natural clay of bentonite) to the raw water. A series of batch coagulation tests were conducted by jar test to obtain the optimum dosage, pH, ratio of coagulant aid and primary coagulant, and the efficiency time for the jar test, by evaluating the standard parameters, such as turbidity, pH, colour, aluminium, and chlorine. In terms of these parameters, chitosan:bentonite showed the best result, with a ratio of 30:70 in an optimal concentration of 1,000 mg/l with 0.15 g chitosan plus 0.35 g bentonite. The coagulants performed with an optimal pH of 5, with 30 min of mixing time during flocculation. However, the optimal pH condition during the jar test showed an improvement in the water alkalinity results, from pH 5 to 6.8. Coagulation with bentonite-chitosan successfully removed the turbidity with a highest efficiency of 98%. After water treatment in the optimal condition, results showed a great water quality standard, with 1.38 NTU, 10 TCU, 0.01 mg/l amount of chlorine and aluminium, and a pH of 6.8. However, data only showed slight differences of efficiency, between natural and conventional coagulants. In terms of the sludge volume index (SVI), the ratio of alum to bentonite-chitosan was found to be 3:1 which indicated that less sludge was produced by the natural coagulant. In a cost comparison between these coagulants, based on a rough estimation, bentonite-chitosan is nearly 10 times more expensive than the alum coagulant. However, with mass production and commercial availability, in the long run the price of chitosan could be reduced tremendously.

scholarly journals Use of Aloe vera as an Organic Coagulant for Improving Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Abderrezzaq Benalia ◽  
Kerroum Derbal ◽  
Amel Khalfaoui ◽  
Raouf Bouchareb ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Optimal Ph

The coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process is widely used for removal of suspended solids and water turbidity reduction. The most common coagulants used to conduct this process are aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate. In this paper, the use of Aloe vera as a natural-based coagulant for drinking water treatment was tested. The bio-coagulant was used in two different forms: powder as well as liquid; the latter was extracted with distilled water used as a solvent. The obtained results showed that the use of the natural coagulant (Aloe vera) in both powder (AV-Powder) and liquid (AV-H2O) forms reduced the water turbidity at natural pH by 28.23% and 87.84%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the use of the two previous forms of bio-coagulant for drinking water treatment had no significant influence on the following three parameters: pH, alkalinity, and hardness. The study of the effect of pH on the process performance using Aloe vera as a bio-coagulant demonstrated that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency accounted for 53.53% and 88.23% using AV-Powder and AV-H2O, respectively, at optimal pH 6.

Swing Operation Envelope of River-Sourced Water Treatment Facility for Water Injection Purpose in Banyu Urip Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amin Rois ◽  
Willy Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Water Basin

Abstract Banyu Urip reservoir management heavily rely on river-sourced water as water injection to meet Voidage Replacement Ratio target of 1. The treatment facility which consist of Raw Water Basin, Clarifiers, Multi Media Fine (MMF) Filters and Cartridge Filters, is sensitive to seasonal transition and river condition. This paper shares lesson learnt in operating such facility and troubleshooting guidance to overcome challenges of high turbidity during rainy season and lack of river water volume during drought season. To maintain the design intent of Banyu Urip (BU) water treatment facility in achieving water injection quality and quantity at reasonable cost, following activities were undertaken: [1] Critical water parameters data gathering & analysis across each unit; [2] Clarifier Chemical injection dosage verification based on laboratory test; [3] MMF Media coring inspection to assess the filtering media condition; [4] MMF Filters backwash parameters optimization; [5] MMF Filter on-off valve sequencing optimization to address water hammering issue; [6] Water injection rate management to deal with river water source availability along the year. Critical water parameters analysis revealed that chemical dosages were in-adequate to treat the five times higher turbidity coming into Clarifiers during early rain 2019. On top of this, low Raw Water Basin level at the end of long drought further contributed to jeopardize Clarifier's operation. Although in-adequate chemicals injection was resolved at early 2020, the treatment cost remained high, especially on filtration section. Media coring result on MMF Filters confirmed that the filtering media have been poisoned by carried-over mud from Clarifiers during upset. The operation of MMF Filters required extensive optimization on backwash parameters to successfully recover the MMF Filters performance without media replacement. Latest media coring on the worst MMF Filter showed that there was no more top mud layer and the amount of trapped mud had been decreased significantly. Cartridge Filter replacement interval was improved from 38 hours to 186 hours, therefore water treatment cost dropped with quite significant margin. Additionally, the availability of each MMF Filters was also improved. At the same time, the high water injection rate during 2020 rainy season, had successfully increased reservoir pressure buffer up to its maximum point as the anticipation of prolonged drought season. This paper provides the troubleshooting guidance for MMF Filter application in season-prone water treatment facility including insights on interpretation of media coring result and linking it back to optimization strategy on the MMF Filters drain down time for effective backwash process without having excessive media loss.

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