Degradation Screening Test Design for Electronic Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
Rui Lin Lin ◽  
Qiang Hui Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Model Coefficient ◽  
Degradation Characteristic ◽  
The Difference

Long-life electronic products need to be put in stress environment for long durations in traditional ESS(environmental stress screening) tests in order that items having infant mortality or defects are weeded out from products. However, long stress durations cause aging effects on good items. For some products, failures are defined in terms of performance characteristics degrading some critical values. For the purpose of reducing durations and aging effects, this paper analyzes the difference of performance characteristics between normally degraded products and abnormally degraded products, and assumes the distribution of products’ degradation characteristic variable is contaminated distribution model, then presents a degradation screening test design. This design firstly ascertains the model coefficient using identifiable condition of contaminated distribution combined with the analysis of degradation test, then ascertains screen duration and screen critical value. Lastly, this paper gives an example to illustrate the availability of the design.

scholarly journals Knowledge in the Performance of Newborn Hearing Screening Test of Nurses in Private Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Liezel Lorraine B. Olivo ◽  
Xerxes G. Malaga
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference

The newborn hearing screening test is implemented before hospital discharge to initiate early identification and treatment. With a large population, lack of education, fewer professionals, and limited access to facilities, the targeted hearing screening program is implemented only to high-risk infants. The success in mandating Republic Act No. 9709, also known as the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Act of 2009, was enacted for the prevention, early diagnosis, and intervention of hearing loss. Healthcare professionals do not feel adequately updated with newborn hearing screening and documenting screening results. Hence, this paper describes the level of knowledge of nurses in performing newborn hearing screening tests. Likewise, it determines the difference existing between nurses' demographics and their level of knowledge. Also, it identifies nurses' level of knowledge based on areas of procedures, standards, and protocols of newborn hearing screening tests and challenges and best practices encountered.

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Empirical profiles of academic oral English proficiency from an international teaching assistant screening test

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikkyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
International Teaching Assistant ◽  
International Teaching

Language proficiency constitutes a crucial barrier for prospective international teaching assistants (ITAs). Many US universities administer screening tests to ensure that ITAs possess the required academic oral English proficiency for their TA duties. Such ITA screening tests often elicit a sample of spoken English, which is evaluated in terms of multiple aspects by trained raters. In this light, ITA screening tests provide an advantageous context in which to gather rich information about test taker performances. This study introduces a systematic way of extracting meaningful information for major stakeholders from an ITA screening test administered at a US university. In particular, this study illustrates how academic oral English proficiency profiles can be identified based on test takers’ subscale score patterns, and discusses how the resulting profiles can be used as feedback for ITA training and screening policy makers, the ITA training program of the university, ESL instructors, and test takers. The proficiency profiles were identified using finite mixture modeling based on the subscale scores of 960 test takers. The modeling results suggested seven profile groups. These groups were interpreted and labeled based on the characteristic subscale score patterns of their members. The implications of the results are discussed, with the main focus on how such information can help ITA policy makers, the ITA training program, ESL instructors, and test takers make important decisions.

Comparison of Two Screening Tests of Competency to Stand Trial for Defendants with Mental Retardation

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Competency To Stand Trial ◽  
Screening Tests

Scores for the four terms found by Smith and Hudson to predict competency to stand trial in defendants with mental retardation correlated significantly ( r = .65) with scores on the Competency Screening Test ( N = 34). Agreement between sets of scores was 84%.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the population of young women and general medicine patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
Anna Piekarska ◽  
Aleksandra Berkan-Kawińska
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Young Women ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Positive History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Inclusion

BACKGROUND. Comparison of the estimated prevalence of HCV infection and number of detected chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cases shows that most infections in Polish population remain undetected. Until now we have probably diagnosed and treated only approximately 20% of the whole HCV-infected population in Poland. METHODS. We performed anti-HCV antibodies testing in the groups of patients with arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus and compared proportions of positive results with rates obtained in the group of young, healthy women aged < 35 years. All patients had positive history of at least one hospitalisation. RESULTS. The analysis of patient subgroups according to study inclusion criteria revealed the highest ratio of positive anti-HCV results in the group of young women aged < 35 years with positive history of at least one hospitalisation (5/91, 5.5%). Among patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes 6/505 (1.2%) and 1/94 (1.06%) positive anti-HCV results were detected, respectively. The difference in the proportion of positive anti-HCV results between the group of young women and subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes was statistically significant (p=0.00327). CONCLUSION. In view of obtained results it seems reasonable to look for new risk groups of HCV infection in order to increase efficacy of screening tests.

scholarly journals Design and reporting considerations for genetic screening tests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hagenkord ◽  
Birgit Funke ◽  
Emily Qian ◽  
Madhuri Hegde ◽  
Kevin B Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Screening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Inherited Diseases ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
Health Organization

Testing asymptomatic individuals for unsuspected conditions is not new to the medical and public health communities and protocols to develop screening tests are well-established. However, the application of screening principles to inherited diseases presents unique challenges. Unlike most screening tests, the natural history and disease prevalence of most rare inherited diseases in an unselected population are unknown. It is difficult or impossible to obtain a “truth set” cohort for clinical validation studies. As a result, it is not possible to accurately calculate clinical positive and negative predictive values for “likely pathogenic” genetic variants, which are commonly returned in genetic screening assays. In addition, many of the genetic conditions included in screening panels do not have clinical confirmatory tests. All of these elements are typically required to justify the development of a screening test, according to the World Health Organization screening principles. Nevertheless, as the cost of DNA sequencing continues to fall, more individuals are opting to undergo genomic testing in the absence of a clinical indication. Despite the challenges, reasonable estimates can be deduced and used to inform test design strategies. Here, we review test design principles and apply them to genetic screening.

scholarly journals Design and reporting considerations for genetic screening tests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hagenkord ◽  
Birgit Funke ◽  
Emily Qian ◽  
Madhuri Hegde ◽  
Kevin B Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Screening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Inherited Diseases ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
Health Organization

Testing asymptomatic individuals for unsuspected conditions is not new to the medical and public health communities and protocols to develop screening tests are well-established. However, the application of screening principles to inherited diseases presents unique challenges. Unlike most screening tests, the natural history and disease prevalence of most rare inherited diseases in an unselected population are unknown. It is difficult or impossible to obtain a “truth set” cohort for clinical validation studies. As a result, it is not possible to accurately calculate clinical positive and negative predictive values for “likely pathogenic” genetic variants, which are commonly returned in genetic screening assays. In addition, many of the genetic conditions included in screening panels do not have clinical confirmatory tests. All of these elements are typically required to justify the development of a screening test, according to the World Health Organization screening principles. Nevertheless, as the cost of DNA sequencing continues to fall, more individuals are opting to undergo genomic testing in the absence of a clinical indication. Despite the challenges, reasonable estimates can be deduced and used to inform test design strategies. Here, we review test design principles and apply them to genetic screening.

scholarly journals Set theoretic approach to the concept of net sensitivity and net specificity in screening test results

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bansi Badan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Himadri Bhattacharjya
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Test Results

Net sensitivity and net specificity have been reviewed from set theoretic approach. With a basic knowledge of set theory one can estimate the net sensitivity and specificity in an easy way in both sequential and simultaneous screening tests. Union, intersection and complementary operations of set theory have been adopted to find out the solutions. 

scholarly journals Application of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Detection of Caprine Antibodies to Brucella melitensis in Areas of High Prevalence and Widespread Vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ramírez-Pfeiffer ◽  
K. Nielsen ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
F. Marín-Ricalde ◽  
C. Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay ◽  
World Organization

ABSTRACT The screening Rose Bengal test (RBT), the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), and the confirmatory complement fixation test (CFT) are currently approved by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) for diagnosis of goat brucellosis. However, RBT (at 3% or 8% cell concentration) is known to be affected by vaccinal antibodies. In the present study, Mexican and Canadian OIE tests were compared with the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA), alone or in combination, using indirect and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as classification variables for goat sera obtained from an area of high prevalence and widespread vaccination. The relative sensitivities and specificities were, respectively, 99.7% and 32.5% for RBT3, 92.8% and 68.8% for RBT8, 98.4% and 84.8% for Canadian CFT, 83.7% and 65.5% for Mexican CFT, and 78.1% and 89.3% for FPA. The use of FPA as the confirmatory test in combination with other tests significantly increased the final specificities of the screening tests alone; BPAT, RBT3, and RBT8 plus FPA resulted in final specificities of 90%, 91.2%, and 91.3%, respectively, whereas for the combinations RBT3 plus Mexican CFT, RBT8 plus Mexican CFT, and BPAT plus Canadian CFT, specificities were 65.5%, 63.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. We suggest that FPA may be routinely applied as an adaptable screening test for diagnosis of goat brucellosis and as a confirmatory test for screening test series. Some advantages of FPA are that its cutoff can be adjusted to improve its sensitivity or specificity, it is a low-cost and easy-to-perform test of choice when specificity is relevant or when an alternative confirmatory test is not available, and it is not affected by vaccination, thus reducing the number of misdiagnosed and killed goats.

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