Biological Effects of Environmental Electromagnetic Fields

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun Li ◽  
Xiao Feng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Results

Each of us are exposed to the environmental electromagnetic fields, such as the geomagnetic field, electromagnetic field from power line, and antenna radiation etc. all the time, when the biological tissue exposure in the electromagnetic fields may lead some certain effects, and many effects are studied during the past few years, most of these studies concentrated on negative effects of electromagnetic fields. It is necessary to explore effects of these environmental electromagnetic fields on human body comprehensively, some effects of environmental electromagnetic fields are studied theoretically in the following paper, and attenuate characteristics of several environmental electromagnetic fields propagate in human body is discussed. The theoretical results expressed the penetration depth of several environmental electromagnetic fields, and the possible effects of long term effects are analyzed.

scholarly journals An Overview of Standards and Regulation Concerning Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Annamaria Paljanos ◽  
Călin Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Technological development put international organisations to effort in order to issue and continuously reassess standards concerning electromagnetic radiation protection issues. Protection standards have to be continuously reviewed as new data become available. This article provides a brief overview of updates implemented by the latest available protection standards. Currently, standards do not incorporate appropriate safety factors for protection against long-term effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields, thus protection is provided only for the established short term effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. However, there is still a great deal of questions related to differences in limitations set by international organisations that have issued recommendations for personnel protection against electromagnetic fields.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Models for Evaluating the Effect of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Anna V. Titova ◽  
Nikolay A. Korenevskiy ◽  
Mariia Iu. Goltsova
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Significant Intensity

Numerous studies of domestic and foreign researchers show that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) of artificial radio frequency range have negative effects on the human body. At the same time, if the effects of EMF of significant intensity are sufficiently well studied and regulated by the relevant sanitary norms and rules and state Standards, the harmful effects of low-intensity EMF are confirmed by many researchers, but there are practically no quantitative estimates of their impact on human health in combination with other exogenous and endogenous factors. In real conditions, the human body is often exposed to combined, combined and mixed EMF effects of various frequency ranges of different intensity, which cause a multiplicative effect, leading to an increased risk of occurrence and development of a number of socially significant diseases, especially when they are long-term exposure

scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Jeong ◽  
Yeonghoon Son ◽  
Na-Kyung Han ◽  
Hyung-Do Choi ◽  
Jeong-Ki Pack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aged Mice

The expansion of mobile phone use has raised questions regarding the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on oxidative stress and brain inflammation. Despite accumulative exposure of humans to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from mobile phones, their long-term effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the aging brain have not been studied. In the present study, middle-aged C57BL/6 mice (aged 14 months) were exposed to 1950 MHz electromagnetic fields for 8 months (specific absorption rate (SAR) 5 W/kg, 2 h/day, 5 d/week). Compared with those in the young group, levels of protein (3-nitro-tyrosine) and lipid (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in the brains of aged mice. In addition, levels of markers for DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, p53, p21, γH2AX, and Bax), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)), astrocyte (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1) were significantly elevated in the brains of aged mice. However, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in the aged mouse brains. Moreover, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice. Therefore, these findings indicate that long-term exposure to RF-EMF did not influence age-induced oxidative stress or neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice.

Organizational Reforms as Routines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience

This chapter argues that organizational reforms are driven by problems to be addressed, by solutions to be applied, and by forgetfulness. The greater the supply of any of these factors, the more likely it is that reforms will occur. Without problems, reforms are difficult to justify; without solutions they cannot be formulated; and without forgetfulness there is a risk that people will be discouraged by the fact that similar reforms have been tried and have failed in the past. In contemporary large organizations, problems tend to be easily found. Those interested in selling solutions often try to supply problems as well — problems that can be solved by their solutions. Forgetfulness can be promoted by the use of consultants with limited experience of the implementation and long-term effects of reforms. Reforms are also self-referential; they tend to cause new reforms. Thus, reforms can be considered as routines: they are likely to be repeated over and over again.

Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fauvel ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Marine Jeanne Briand ◽  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Morphology

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

scholarly journals Peer Victimization in Middle Childhood: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences of School Bullying

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zopito Marini
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Life ◽  
The Past

This paper focuses on a particular type of peer victimization commonly identified as school bullying. In the past. myths and inaccurate assumptions coupled with the lack of empirical data on the long term effects and stability of peer victimization have presented serious obstacles toward a greater understanding of bullying. Recent research, however, suggests that the number of students affected is much higher than previously believed, the range of behaviours involved more severe, and the consequences long-lasting; in many cases, the maladjustment for both victims and bullies can extend well into adulthood. Clearly, peer victimization is a complex and multidimensional aspect of school life that needs to be understood in greater depth and taken much more seriously because of the associated consequences. This paper will provide an overview of four central aspects of bullying, namely, the myths, characteristics, callses, and consequences.

scholarly journals Comparison of Juvenile Feed Protocols on Growth and Spawning in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Frederickson ◽  
Mark D Steinmiller ◽  
Tiffany Rae Blaylock ◽  
Mike E Wisnieski II ◽  
James D Malley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Feeding Protocol ◽  
Spawning Success

Over the past 2 decades, zebrafish, Danio rerio, have become a mainstream laboratory animal model, yet zebrafish husbandrypractices remain far from standardized. Feeding protocols play a critical role in the health, wellbeing, and productivity ofzebrafish laboratories, yet they vary significantly between facilities. In this study, we compared our current feeding protocol for juvenile zebrafish (30 dpf to 75 dpf), a 3:1mixture of fish flake and freeze-dried krill fed twice per day with live artemia twice per day (FKA), to a diet of Gemma Micro 300 fed once per day with live artemia once per day (GMA). Our results showed that juvenile EK wild-type zebrafish fed GMA were longer and heavier than juveniles fed FKA. As compared with FKA-fed juveniles, fish fed GMA as juveniles showed better reproductive performance as measured by spawning success, fertilization rate, and clutch size. As adults, fish from both feeding protocols were acclimated to our standard adult feeding protocol, and the long-term effects of juvenile diet were assessed. At 2 y of age, the groups showed no difference in mortality or fecundity. Reproductive performance is a crucial aspect of zebrafish research, as much of the research focuses on the developing embryo. Here we show that switching juvenile zebrafish from a mixture of flake and krill to Gemma Micro 300 improves reproductive performance, even with fewer feedings of live artemia, thus simplifying husbandry practices.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

The Final Score

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Empowerment ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Over Time

The conclusion provides some final observations about the longitudinal research itself and its short- and long-term effects on the women involved. It briefly touches on the few areas of the sport marriage that have seen improvement in the past few decades, discusses the conscious decisions the women make to continue normalizing the career-dominated marriage, and reports on how the marriages fared over time. It also describes the women’s personal empowerment as a result of their participation in the research. Finally, it summarizes the advice and suggested keys to a successful sport marriage that the wives in both studies offered, based on their lived experience. This overview essentially describes how and why the wife of a male professional athlete must adapt to realities if she wants her marriage to survive her husband’s career and retirement.

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