Structural Style in Gentle Slope and its Control Action for Sedimentary and Reservoir Formation of Chenjiazhuang Area in Jiyang Depression for Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Zhen Feng Fan ◽  
Jin Liang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lin Liu ◽  
Jin Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Control Action ◽  
Jiyang Depression ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Break Zone ◽  
Combining Methods

Haft-graben fault basin often have large-scale gentle slope, and the zone of structural style, sedimentary types and forming factor has its unique characteristics. This paper takes Chenjiazhuang area in Jiyang depression for example. By constructing, deposition and accumulation of combining methods Chenjiazhuang area can be divided into three major tectonic units, witch are upliftt zone, slope zone and structural slope-break zone. Different tectonic units develop different sedimentary and reservoir types, and the accumulation controlling factors are also larger differences.

Structural style of the White Pointer and Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belts, Bight Basin, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin MacDonald ◽  
Rosalind King ◽  
Richard Hillis ◽  
Guillaume Backé
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Seal Failure ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Thrust Belts ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Gas Chimneys ◽  
Gippsland Basin

GeoScience Victoria and partners have undertaken the first detailed basin-wide study of the regional top seal in the Gippsland Basin. The Gippsland Basin is an attractive site for geological carbon storage (GCS) because of the close proximity to emission sources and the potential for large-scale storage projects. This top seal assessment involved the analysis of seal attributes (geometry, capacity and mineralogy) and empirical evidence for seal failure (soil gas geochemical anomalies, gas chimneys, hydrocarbon seepage and oil slicks). These datasets have been integrated to produce a qualitative evaluation of the containment potential for GCS, and also hydrocarbons, across the basin. Mineralogical analysis of the top seal has revealed that the Lakes Entrance Formation is principally a smectite-rich claystone. The geometry of the top seal is consistent with deposition in an early post-rift setting where marine sediments filled palaeo-topographic lows. The seal thickness and depth to seal base are greatest in the Central Deep and decrease toward the margins. There is a strong positive relationship between seal capacity column heights, seal thickness, depth to seal base and smectite content. At greater burial depths (below 700 m) and where smectite content is greater than 70%, seal capacity is increased (supportable column heights above 150 m). Natural hydrocarbon leakage and seepage onshore and offshore is correlated with fault distribution and areas of poor seal capacity. This study provides a framework for qualitatively evaluating seal potential at a basin scale. It has shown that the potential of the regional top seal over the Central Deep, Southern Terrace, central eastern Lake Wellington Depression and the southern to central near shore areas in the Seaspray Depression are most suitable for the containment of supercritical CO2. Further toward the margin of the regional seal in both onshore and offshore areas, containment of supercritical CO2 is less likely.

Recent geological advances in the understanding of the Torres Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Michael Swift
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Section

The Torres Basin is a recently discovered Mesozoic basin in the Papuan Plateau, southeast Papua New Guinea. Newly acquired deepwater offshore seismic data and older regional data have been (re)interpreted with the view of defining structural regimes in line with the onshore geological maps and conceptual cross sections. A regional time-space plot has been developed to elucidate the breakup of the northeastern Australian Plate with a focus on the geological history of the Papuan Plateau, which holds the Torres Basin geological section. This in turn has led to a re-evaluation of the structural style and history of the southern coastal region incorporating the East Australian Early Cretaceous Island Arc; it highlights that a significant horizontal structural grain needs to be considered when evaluating the petroleum potential of the region. The southern margin is characterised as a frontal thrust system, similar to the nearby Papuan Basin. A series of regional strike lines in conjunction with the dip lines is used to divide the region into prospective and non-prospective exploration play fairways. The role of transfer faults, basement-detachments faults, regional-scale thrust faults, and recent normal faulting is discussed in the compartmentalisation of the geological section. There is basement-involved anticlinal development on a large scale and a complementary smaller-scale thin-skinned anticlinal trend. These trends are characterised as having significant strike length and breadth. Anticlinal trap fairways have been defined and have similar size and distribution as that of the Papuan Basin.

scholarly journals Factors selection in landslide susceptibility modelling on large scale following the gis matrix method: application to the river Beiro basin (Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Costanzo ◽  
E. Rotigliano ◽  
C. Irigaray ◽  
J. D. Jiménez-Perálvarez ◽  
J. Chacón
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Gis Matrix Method ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The One

Abstract. A procedure to select the controlling factors connected to the slope instability has been defined. It allowed us to assess the landslide susceptibility in the Rio Beiro basin (about 10 km2) over the northeastern area of the city of Granada (Spain). Field and remote (Google EarthTM) recognition techniques allowed us to generate a landslide inventory consisting in 127 phenomena. To discriminate between stable and unstable conditions, a diagnostic area had been chosen as the one limited to the crown and the toe of the scarp of the landslide. 15 controlling or determining factors have been defined considering topographic, geologic, geomorphologic and pedologic available data. Univariate tests, using both association coefficients and validation results of single-variable susceptibility models, allowed us to select the best predictors, which were combined for the unique conditions analysis. For each of the five recognised landslide typologies, susceptibility maps for the best models were prepared. In order to verify both the goodness of fit and the prediction skill of the susceptibility models, two different validation procedures were applied and compared. Both procedures are based on a random partition of the landslide archive for producing a test and a training subset. The first method is based on the analysis of the shape of the success and prediction rate curves, which are quantitatively analysed exploiting two morphometric indexes. The second method is based on the analysis of the degree of fit, by considering the relative error between the intersected target landslides by each of the different susceptibility classes in which the study area was partitioned. Both the validation procedures confirmed a very good predictive performance of the susceptibility models and of the actual procedure followed to select the controlling factors.

Fault System Evolution and Its Influences on Buried-hills Formation in Tanhai Area of Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Zhiping Wu ◽  
Shiyong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Thrust Faults ◽  
Bohai Bay Basin ◽  
Jiyang Depression

<p>Buried-hills, paleotopographic highs covered by younger sediments, become the focused area of exploration in China in pace with the reduction of hydrocarbon resources in the shallow strata. A number of buried-hill fields have been discovered in Tanhai area located in the northeast of Jiyang Depression within Bohai Bay Basin, which provides an excellent case study for better understanding the structural evolution and formation mechanism of buried-hills. High-quality 3-D seismic data calibrated by well data makes it possible to research deeply buried erosional remnants. In this study, 3-D visualization of key interfaces, seismic cross-sections, fault polygons maps and thickness isopach maps are shown to manifest structural characteristics of buried-hills. Balanced cross-sections and fault growth rates are exhibited to demonstrate the forming process of buried-hills. The initiation and development of buried-hills are under the control of fault system. According to strike variance, main faults are grouped into NW-, NNE- and near E-trending faults. NW-trending main faults directly dominate the whole mountain range, while NNE- and near E-trending main faults have an effect on dissecting mountain range and controlling the single hill. In addition, secondary faults with different nature complicate internal structure of buried-hills. During Late Triassic, NW-trending thrust faults formed in response to regional compressional stress field, preliminarily building the fundamental NW-trending structural framework. Until Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, rolling-back subduction of Pacific Plate and sinistral movement of Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ) integrally converted NW-trending thrust faults into normal faults. The footwall of NW-trending faults quickly rose and became a large-scale NW-trending mountain range. The intense movement of TLFZ simultaneously induced a series of secondary NNE-trending strike-slip faults, among which large-scale ones divided the mountain range into northern, middle and southern section. After entry into Cenozoic, especially Middle Eocene, the change of subduction direction of Pacific Plate induced the transition of regional stress field. Near E-trending basin-controlling faults developed and dissected previous tectonic framework. The middle section of mountain range was further separated into three different single hill. Subsequently, the mountain range was gradually submerged and buried by overlying sediments, due to regional thermal subsidence. Through multiphase structural evolution, the present-day geometry of buried-hills is eventually taken shape.</p>

Rift evolution and structural style in the Orphan Basin: results from regional structural restorations and crustal area balancing 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Cawood ◽  
David A. Ferrill ◽  
Alan P. Morris ◽  
David Norris ◽  
David McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Detachment Faults ◽  
The North ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Structural Configurations

<p>The Orphan Basin on the eastern edge of the Newfoundland continental margin formed as a Mesozoic rift basin prior to continental breakup associated with the opening of the North Atlantic. Few exploration wells exist in the basin, and until recently regional interpretations have been based on sparse seismic data coverage - because of this the structural evolution of the Orphan Basin has historically not been well understood. Key uncertainties include the timing and amount of rift-related extension, dominant extension directions, and the structural styles that accommodated progressive rift development in the basin.     </p><p>Interpretation of newly acquired modern broadband seismic data and structural restoration of three regional, WNW-ESE oriented cross-sections across the Orphan Basin and Flemish Cap provide new insights into rift evolution and structural style in the area. Our results show that major extension in the basin occurred between 167 Ma and 135 Ma, with most extension occurring prior to 151 Ma. We show that extension after 135 Ma largely occurred east of Flemish Cap due to a shift in the locus of rifting from the Orphan Basin to east of Flemish Cap. We find no evidence for discrete rifting events in the Orphan Basin, as has been suggested by other authors.  Kinematic restoration and associated heave measurements for the Orphan Basin show that extension was both widespread and relatively evenly distributed across the basin from Middle-Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.</p><p>We provide evidence for more widespread deposition of Jurassic strata throughout the Orphan Basin than previously interpreted, and show that Jurassic deposition was controlled by the occurrence and displacement of crustal-scale extensional detachment faults.  Structure in the three regional cross sections is dominated by large-scale, shallowly dipping extensional detachment faults. These faults mainly dip to the northwest and control the geometry and position of extensional basins – grabens and half-grabens – which occur at a range of scales. Stacked detachment surfaces, hyperextension, and attenuation of the crust are observed in central and eastern parts of the Orphan Basin. Zones of extreme crustal attenuation (to ca. 3.7 km) are interpreted to be coincident with large-displacement (up to 60 km) low-angle detachments. Results from crustal area balancing suggest that up to 41% of extension is not recognized through structural seismic interpretation, which we attribute to subseismic-scale ductile and brittle deformation, and uncertainties in the identification of detachment surfaces or complex structural configurations (e.g., overprinting of early extensional deformation).</p><p>Rifting style in the central, northern, and eastern parts of the Orphan Basin is dominated by low-angle detachment faulting with maximum extension perpendicular to the incipient rift axis. In contrast, structural geometries in the southwestern part of the basin are suggestive of transtensional deformation, and interplay of normal and strike-slip faulting.  Results from map-based interpretation show that strike-slip faults within this transtensional zone are associated with displacement transfer between half-grabens of opposing polarity, rather than regional strike-slip displacement.  These structures are interpreted as contemporaneous and kinematically linked to displacement along low-angle detachment surfaces elsewhere, and are not attributed to distinct episodes of oblique extension.       </p>

Responses of chemical weathering and gully erosion causing land degradation in the extended part of Chotanagpur plateau in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh Chandra Pal ◽  
Rabin Chakrabortty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Chotanagpur Plateau

<p>Whether the hot and humid subtropical plateau region could leads to land degradation in the form of weathering and gully erosion. In this study, chemical weathering, gully erosion and cohesiveness are investigated together to bring out a new comprehensive idea with a view to understand their controlling factors. This study aimed to address potential land degradation in the extended part of Chotanagpur plateau region. The layers of controlling factors of gully erosion were developed and prioritized considering advanced decision tree, decision tree and random forest algorithms in the R software and the results of these methods were also validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Degree of chemical weathering and cohesiveness were measured through the chemical, physical and spectroscopic analysis of the randomly collected 412 soil samples. Apart from this, the climatic elements like temperature and rainfall were considered for estimating the chemical weathering. The results of the gully erosion models have superb accuracy, i.e. ROC values were 0.970, 0.960 and 0.955 respectively. Therefore, advanced decision tree model has been integrated with the results of degree of chemical weathering and cohesiveness in GIS platform end eventually the land degradation map has been developed. The land degradation map shown that 15% of the study area is highly affected by land degradation whereas 18% area is moderately affected by land degradation and rest of the 67% area is less affected by land degradation. This study provides essential information to the policy makers in order to taking decision for minimizing and controlling the land degradation. This innovative comprehensive approach is significant to assess degradation of existing land to a large scale.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Land degradation; weathering; cohesiveness; gully erosion; spectroscopic analysis</p>

Magnetic field-line reconnexion by localized enhancement of resistivity. Part 3. Controlling factors

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Ugai ◽  
Takao Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Stationary Configuration

The previous companion papers have shown the important effect of a local increase in resistivity upon the fast-reconnexion configuration. The present paper exaniines another significant situation where the injection rate of magnetic flux into the reconnexion region is strongly constrained by some external agency. It is shown that as long as a local resistivity enhancement is retained, stationary configurations can ultimately be established which depend on the imposed boundary values in each case. The rate of magnetic field line reconnexion in the stationary configuration is indeed closely controlled by the boundary values. However, the reconnexion rate (measured by the local Mach number at a distance from the neutral point as in the ordinary theoretical treatments) is scarcely influenced by them. Also, it is shown that without the local resistivity enhancement the large-scale X-type field configuration, which should be required for any fast reconnexion process, can no longer be sustained.

scholarly journals Multiphase, decoupled faulting in the southern German Molasse Basin – evidence from 3D seismic data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shipilin ◽  
David Colin Tanner ◽  
Hartwig von Hartmann ◽  
Inga Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Cenozoic Sediments

Abstract. We use three-dimensional seismic reflection data from the southern German Molasse Basin to investigate the struc-tural style and evolution of a geometrically decoupled fault network in close proximity to the Alpine deformation front. We recognise two fault arrays that are vertically separated by a clay-rich detachment horizon. A large-scale thrust partially over-prints the upper fault array. Analysis of seismic stratigraphy, syn-kinematic strata, throw distribution, and spatial relationships between faults suggest a multiphase fault evolution: (1) initiation of the lower fault array in the Upper Jurassic carbonate platform during the Rupelian, (2) development of the upper fault array in the Cenozoic sediments during the Chattian, and (3) reverse reactivation of the upper faults and thrusting during the mid-Miocene. These phases document the evolution of the stress field during the migration of the forebulge (phase 1), foredeep (phase 2) and the toe of the orogenic front (phase 3) across the investigated area. We postulate that phase 2 was controlled by the vertical stress gradients, whereby a lower horizontal stress component within the Cenozoic sediments defined the independent development of the upper faults above the lower faults. Mechanical behaviour of the clay-rich horizon precluded the subsequent linkage of the fault arrays. A large-scale thrust must have been facilitated by the reverse reactivation of the upper normal faults, as its maximum displacement and extent correlate with the occurrence of these faults. We conclude that the evolving tectonic stresses were the primary mechanism of fault activation, whereas the mechanical stratigraphy and pre-existing structures locally governed the structural style.

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