Study on Invalidation and Regeneration of TGV Manganese Sand Filter

Because the manganese removal ability of TGV manganese sand filter decreases a lot in A water plant, in this study full-scale experiment and electron microscopy analysis were conducted to evaluate the actual manganese removal ability and explore a method for regeneration in production. The results showed that the manganese sand had lost the manganese removal ability, and the principle of manganese removal was physical adsorption. The maximum adsorptive capacity was measured to be 7.2 (mg manganese ions)/ (g manganese sand) through bench scale experiments, that meant the sand filter could work effectively for 7-8 months, and then the manganese sand would become invalidate. It was recommended to dip 1 litre manganese sand in 500 ml sodium hypochlorite with 0.35% effective chlorine to achieve regeneration, and the cost was acceptable.

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Triple-Binder-Stabilized Marine Deposit Clay for Better Sustainability

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4633

Author(s):

Mohamad Hanafi ◽

Abdullah Ekinci ◽

Ertug Aydin

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Marine Clay ◽

The Third ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

The Cost

Marine clay deposits are commonly found worldwide. Considering the cost of dumping and related environmental concerns, an alternative solution involving the reuse of soils that have poor conditions is crucial. In this research, the authors examined the strength, microstructure, and wet–dry resistance of triple-binder composites of marine-deposited clays and compiled a corresponding database. In order to evaluate the wetting–drying resistance of the laboratory-produced samples, the accumulated mass loss (ALM) was calculated. The use of slag alone as a binder, at any percentage, increased the ALM up to 2%. However, the use of lime as the third binder seemed to accelerate the chemical reactions associated with the hydration of clay and cementitious material and to enhance the chemical stability, i.e., specimens that included both lime and slag experienced the same ALM as specimens treated with cement only. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the durability improvements of these clays. The proposed unconfined compressive strength–porosity and accumulated mass loss relationship yielded practical approximation for the fine- and coarse-grained soils blended with up to three binders until 60 days of curing. The laboratory-produced mixes showed reduction of embodied energy and embodied carbon dioxide (eCO2) emissions for the proposed models.

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Optimization of the adsorption of diclofenac by activated carbon and the acidic regeneration of spent activated carbon

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.577 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nevim Genç ◽

Elif Durna ◽

Ezgi Erkişi

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Effective Parameter ◽

Adsorptive Capacity ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Regeneration Processes

Abstract Diclofenac sodium (DCF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has been classified as ecotoxic even at low concentrations. In this study, adsorption of DCF on coconut shell-based granular activated carbon (GAC) and regeneration of spent GAC with hydrochloric acid (HCl) were investigated. The results showed that GAC with heterogeneous surface structure adsorbs DCF endothermically with both chemical and physical forces. Adsorption and regeneration processes were optimized with Taguchi Experimental Design. The effects of all parameters affecting the adsorption and regeneration processes were determined by analysis of variance and Pareto analyses. DCF removal of 79.80% was obtained at optimum conditions and the most effective parameter was evaluated as GAC size. At optimum regeneration conditions, 6.85 mg DCF/g GAC adsorption capacity was found with an operating cost of €0.05 g GAC. The amount of HCl was the most effective parameter. It was determined that the regenerated GAC had an adsorptive capacity higher than the adsorptive capacity of the raw GAC during at least three regeneration cycles. Raw, spent and regenerated GACs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis.

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Durability and Microstructural Properties of Triple-Binder-Stabilized Marine Deposit Clay

10.20944/preprints202003.0318.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Hanafi ◽

Abdullah Ekinci ◽

Ertug Aydin

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Microstructural Properties ◽

Marine Clay ◽

The Third ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

The Cost

Marine clay deposits are commonly found worldwide. Considering the cost of dumping and the related environmental concerns, an alternative solution involving the reuse of soils that have poor conditions is crucial. In this research, the authors examined the durability of marine deposited clays and compiled a corresponding database. The use of slag alone as a binder, at any percentage, increased the accumulated mass loss (ALM) up to 2%. However, the use of lime as the third binder seemed to accelerate the chemical reactions associated with the hydration of clay and cementitious material and to enhance the chemical stability, i.e., samples that included both lime and slag experienced the same ALM as samples treated with cement only. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the durability improvements of these clays. The proposed unconfined compressive strength and accumulated mass loss relationship yielded practical approximation for the fine- and coarse-grained soils blended with up to three binders until 60 days of curing.

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Material analysis techniques using the ion mill

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100167639 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 1034-1035

Author(s):

J. P. Benedict ◽

R. M. Anderson ◽

S. J. Klepeis

Keyword(s):

Polished Surface ◽

Surface Material ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Material Analysis ◽

Optical Inspection ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Argon Ions ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

Ion mills equipped with flood guns can perform two important functions in material analysis; they can either remove material or deposit material. The ion mill holder shown in Fig. 1 is used to remove material from the polished surface of a sample for further optical inspection or SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscopy ) analysis. The sample is attached to a pohshing stud type SEM mount and placed in the ion mill holder with the polished surface of the sample pointing straight up, as shown in Fig 2. As the holder is rotating in the ion mill, Argon ions from the flood gun are directed down at the top of the sample. The impact of Argon ions against the surface of the sample causes some of the surface material to leave the sample at a material dependent, nonuniform rate. As a result, the polished surface will begin to develop topography during milling as fast sputtering materials leave behind depressions in the polished surface.

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Transmission electron microscopy analysis of planar faults on (001) planes in MoSi2single crystals

Philosophical Magazine A ◽

10.1080/01418610208240063 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (14) ◽

pp. 2737-2754 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susanne Guder ◽

Martin Bartsch ◽

Ulrich Messerschmidt

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis

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Effects of Various Antioxidant Pretreatment Modalities on Adhesion to Sound and Caries-Affected Dentin: An In Vitro Study

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2320206821997985 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682199798

Author(s):

Beyza Unalan Degirmenci ◽

Alperen Degirmenci ◽

Emine Kara

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Microtensile Bond Strength ◽

Mandibular Molar ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Two Parameters

Aim: Natural antioxidants were offered as the answer of dentin adhesion issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidin and lycopene as pretreatment agents on the sound and caries-affected dentin surface on microtensile bond strength and microleakage. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as in vitro because of that 84 mandibular molar teeth were collected. Forty-two of the included teeth were carious teeth, while the other 42 were without caries. Sixty of them were used for microleakage and 24 for microtensile bond strength testing and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The samples were divided into six subgroups randomly according to dentin pretreatments: 5% proanthocyanidin, 5% lycopene, and no antioxidant application. After the restorative procedures, samples were attached to the microtensile tester. Samples were subjected to tensile stress in the load cell until they broke at a speed of 0.5 mm per min. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and microleakage test data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, and Tamhane’s T2 tests. Results: Two-way variance analysis showed that dentin pretreatment applications, dentin substrate, and the interaction between these two parameters had statistically significant effects on µTBS values ( P < .001). There was no difference between dentin pretreatment applications in terms of microleakage scores ( P > .05). Conclusion: The application of dentin pretreatment with proanthocyanidin is a successful procedure that increases the bond strength in both dentin substrate, while pretreatment with lycopene in caries-affected dentin reduces it.

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Antiparasitic Properties of Cardiovascular Agents against Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14070686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 686

Author(s):

Raquel Porto ◽

Ana C. Mengarda ◽

Rayssa A. Cajas ◽

Maria C. Salvadori ◽

Fernanda S. Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Early Infection ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Parasitic Worm ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Health Significance ◽

Microscopy Analysis

The intravascular parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of great global public health significance. Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Adopting a phenotypic drug screening strategy, here, we evaluated the antiparasitic properties of 46 commercially available cardiovascular drugs against S. mansoni. From these screenings, we found that amiodarone, telmisartan, propafenone, methyldopa, and doxazosin affected the viability of schistosomes in vitro, with effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) values ranging from 8 to 50 µM. These results were further supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Subsequently, the most effective drug (amiodarone) was further tested in a murine model of schistosomiasis for both early and chronic S. mansoni infections using a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg daily for five consecutive days. Amiodarone had a low efficacy in chronic infection, with the worm and egg burden reduction ranging from 10 to 30%. In contrast, amiodarone caused a significant reduction in worm and egg burden in early infection (>50%). Comparatively, treatment with amiodarone is more effective in early infection than praziquantel, demonstrating the potential role of this cardiovascular drug as an antischistosomal agent.

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Impact Resistance of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Guaruman Fiber: A Brief Report

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2264

Author(s):

Raphael H. M. Reis ◽

Fabio C. Garcia Filho ◽

Larissa F. Nunes ◽

Veronica S. Candido ◽

Alisson C. R. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Composite ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Impact Performance ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Ballistic Properties ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Izod Impact ◽

The Impact

Fibers extracted from Amazonian plants that have traditionally been used by local communities to produce simple items such as ropes, nets, and rugs, are now recognized as promising composite reinforcements. This is the case for guaruman (Ischinosiphon körn) fiber, which was recently found to present potential mechanical and ballistic properties as 30 vol% reinforcement of epoxy composites. To complement these properties, Izod impact tests are now communicated in this brief report for similar composites with up to 30 vol% of guaruman fibers. A substantial increase in impact resistance, with over than 20 times the absorbed energy for the 30 vol% guaruman fiber composite, was obtained in comparison to neat epoxy. These results were statistically validated by Weibull analysis, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. Scanning electron microscopy analysis disclosed the mechanisms responsible for the impact performance of the guaruman fiber composites.

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