Study on Dewatering of Fine Coal by Combination of Electrolysis and Filtration

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Shu Dong ◽  
Lai Hong Feng ◽  
Su Ling Yao ◽  
Dong Fang Niu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Pressure Filtration ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Direct Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressure Filter

With enhanced awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, more attention has been paid to the high moisture content of the filtration products used in the flotation process as commonly employed in coal preparation plants. In this paper, we choose fine coal (–0.5mm) samples obtained from the Xiqu Coal Preparation Plant in China as our research objective. Tests were performed under three different experimental conditions: direct pressure filtration, electrolysis pressure filtration, and electricity decompression filtration with different electrodes. Thus our aim was the evaluation of the impact of electrodes on the electrolysis-pressure-filtration effect on fine coal dewatering. The results of this study indicate that when the coal slurry concentration is 400g/L, and when the electrode is aluminum-aluminum (90V, 14min), we can achieve the best effect and the lowest moisture content of the filter cake, which is 10%. The electrolysis pressure filter has a high dewatering efficiency, an advanced technical index, requires little power consumption (obviously energy-saving), needs only a small amount of maintenance, and is stable and reliable in operation, Thus the electrolysis pressure filter is the most effective and economical processing equipment for fine coal dewatering and has prospects for broad application.

scholarly journals Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Christabel Ebuzoeme ◽  
Imoh Etim ◽  
Autumn Ikimi ◽  
Jamie Song ◽  
Ting Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Time Buffer ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
The Impact

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.

scholarly journals A GNSS-IR Method for Retrieving Soil Moisture Content from Integrated Multi-Satellite Data That Accounts for the Impact of Vegetation Moisture Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2442
Author(s):  
Jichao Lv ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jinsheng Tu ◽  
Mingjie Liao ◽  
Jiatai Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Multipath Effect ◽  
Mars Model ◽  
The Impact

There are two problems with using global navigation satellite system-interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) to retrieve the soil moisture content (SMC) from single-satellite data: the difference between the reflection regions, and the difficulty in circumventing the impact of seasonal vegetation growth on reflected microwave signals. This study presents a multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) SMC retrieval model based on integrated multi-satellite data on the impact of the vegetation moisture content (VMC). The normalized microwave reflection index (NMRI) calculated with the multipath effect is mapped to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to estimate and eliminate the impact of VMC. A MARS model for retrieving the SMC from multi-satellite data is established based on the phase shift. To examine its reliability, the MARS model was compared with a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model, and a support vector regression (SVR) model in terms of the retrieval accuracy with time-series observation data collected at a typical station. The MARS model proposed in this study effectively retrieved the SMC, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.916 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.021 cm3/cm3. The elimination of the vegetation impact led to 3.7%, 13.9%, 11.7%, and 16.6% increases in R2 and 31.3%, 79.7%, 49.0%, and 90.5% decreases in the RMSE for the SMC retrieved by the MLR, BPNN, SVR, and MARS model, respectively. The results demonstrated the feasibility of correcting the vegetation changes based on the multipath effect and the reliability of the MARS model in retrieving the SMC.

scholarly journals A flexible ChIP-sequencing simulation toolkit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Zheng ◽  
Michael Lamkin ◽  
Yutong Qiu ◽  
Kevin Ren ◽  
Alon Goren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Peak Calling ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Chip Sequencing ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A major challenge in evaluating quantitative ChIP-seq analyses, such as peak calling and differential binding, is a lack of reliable ground truth data. Accurate simulation of ChIP-seq data can mitigate this challenge, but existing frameworks are either too cumbersome to apply genome-wide or unable to model a number of important experimental conditions in ChIP-seq. Results We present ChIPs, a toolkit for rapidly simulating ChIP-seq data using statistical models of key experimental steps. We demonstrate how ChIPs can be used for a range of applications, including benchmarking analysis tools and evaluating the impact of various experimental parameters. ChIPs is implemented as a standalone command-line program written in C++ and is available from https://github.com/gymreklab/chips. Conclusions ChIPs is an efficient ChIP-seq simulation framework that generates realistic datasets over a flexible range of experimental conditions. It can serve as an important component in various ChIP-seq analyses where ground truth data are needed.

Cake Uniformity in pressure filtration of coal slurry

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Sung ◽  
J.G. Groppo ◽  
B.K. Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Pressure Filtration

scholarly journals Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarker Masud Parvez ◽  
Musarrat Jabeen Rahman ◽  
Rashidul Azad ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Leanne Unicomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Change Promotion ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Supply driven programs that are not closely connected to community demand and demand-driven programs that fail to ensure supply both risk worsening inequity. Understanding patterns of uptake of behaviors among the poorest under ideal experimental conditions, such as those of an efficacy trial, can help identify strategies that could be strengthened in routine programmatic conditions for more equitable uptake. WASH Benefits Bangladesh was a randomized controlled efficacy trial that provided free-of cost WASH hardware along with behavior change promotion. The current paper aimed to determine the impact of the removal of supply and demand constraints on the uptake of handwashing and sanitation behaviors across wealth and education levels. Methods The current analysis selected 4 indicators from the WASH Benefits trial— presence of water and soap in household handwashing stations, observed mother’s hand cleanliness, observed visible feces on latrine slab or floor and reported last child defecation in potty or toilet. A baseline assessment was conducted immediately after enrolment and endline assessment was conducted approximately 2 years later. We compared change in uptake of these indicators including wealth quintiles (Q) between intervention and control groups from baseline to endline. Results For hand cleanliness, the poorest mothers improved more [Q1 difference in difference, DID: 16% (7, 25%)] than the wealthiest mothers [Q5 DID: 7% (− 4, 17%)]. The poorest households had largest improvements for observed presence of water and soap in handwashing station [Q1 DID: 82% (75, 90%)] compared to the wealthiest households [Q5 DID: 39% (30, 50%)]. Similarly, poorer household demonstrated greater reductions in visible feces on latrine slab or floor [Q1DID, − 25% (− 35, − 15) Q2: − 34% (− 44, − 23%)] than the wealthiest household [Q5 DID: − 1% (− 11, 8%). For reported last child defecation in potty or toilet, the poorest mothers showed greater improvement [Q1–4 DID: 50–54% (44, 60%)] than the wealthier mothers [Q5 DID: 39% (31, 46%). Conclusion By simultaneously addressing supply and demand-constraints among the poorest, we observed substantial overall improvements in equity. Within scaled-up programs, a separate targeted strategy that relaxes constraints for the poorest can improve the equity of a program. Trial registration WASH Benefits Bangladesh: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01590095. Date of registration: April 30, 2012 ‘Retrospectively registered’.

Evaluation of Design Characteristics for Animal Mortality Composting Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Tiago Costa ◽  
Neslihan Akdeniz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composting Systems

HighlightsDesign characteristics for animal mortality compost cover materials were tested.Compressive stress was applied to simulate the effects of the mortalities on cover materials.The highest permeability was measured for sawdust at 25% moisture content.A linear relationship was found between the volumetric flow rate and the power required to aerate the piles.Abstract. Composting is an aerobic process that relies on natural aeration to maintain proper oxygen levels. Air-filled porosity, mechanical strength, and permeability are among the essential parameters used to optimize the process. This study’s objective was to measure the physical parameters and airflow characteristics of three commonly used cover materials at four moisture levels, which could be used in designing actively aerated swine mortality composting systems. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to measure pressure drops across the cover materials as a function of the airflow rate and the material’s moisture content. Compressive stress was applied for 48 h to simulate the impact of swine mortalities on the cover materials. The power required to aerate each material was determined as a function of volumetric flow rate and moisture content. As expected, air-filled porosity and permeability decreased with increasing bulk density and moisture content. The highest average permeability values were measured at 25% moisture content and ranged from 66 × 10-4 to 70 × 10-4 mm2, from 161 × 10-4 to 209 × 10-4 mm2, and from 481 × 10-4 to 586 × 10-4 mm2 for woodchips, ground cornstalks, and sawdust, respectively. For the range of airflow rates tested in this study (0.0025 to 0.0050 m3 s-1 m-2), a linear relationship (R2 = 0.975) was found between the volumetric flow rate (m3 s-1) and the power required to aerate the compost pile (W per 100 kg of swine mortality). Keywords: Airflow, Darcy’s law, Livestock, Modeling, Permeability, Pressure drop.

Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vouillamoz ◽  
M. W. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
The Impact

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Optimization of proppant parameters for CBM extraction using hydrofracturing by orthogonal experimental process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoze Li ◽  
Bingxiang Huang ◽  
Qingying Cheng ◽  
Xinglong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Coal Mass ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Embedded Value ◽  
Fracture Area ◽  
Creep Time ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Proppant placement concentration, particle size and creep time are important factors that affect the embedment of proppant into coal. Based on multistage creep, an orthogonal test is conducted, and an optimal proppant scheme for different closure stresses obtained. The results show that with increased proppant placement concentration, the number of coal fractures increases and the elastic modulus of the fracture area decreases. As the proppant particle size decreases, the plasticity of fracture-proppant assemblies increases gradually. The yield limit is highest when the particle size is 20/40 mesh. During the proppant embedding process, localization or uneven distribution of proppant results in tensile stress parallel to the fracture surface, which induces tensile fracture in the coal. In the fracture-proppant assembly areas, proppant fractures are severe and yield lines appear. As proppant concentration increases, more energy is accumulated during the proppant compaction stage, resulting in energy release producing craters and crevasses. The energy released also causes increased stress in the proppant-coal contact area and fracturing to the coal mass. The longer the creep time, the weaker the impact and the smaller is fluctuation. Moreover, we find that the orthogonal test can effectively analyze the importance of each parameter. Proppant placement concentration was found to have the highest influence on the process of proppant embedding into coal, followed by particle size and then time. Under experimental conditions, the lowest proppant-embedded value in coal samples was observed with proppant placement concentration of 2 kg m−2 and particle size of 20/40 mesh.

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