Application Study of the Geotextile - Graded Gravel - Geomembrane Composite Drainage Layer in Subgrade Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3171-3175
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Liu ◽  
Li Qun Hu ◽  
Zhong Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Humidity Sensors ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Drainage Layer ◽  
Humidity Change ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Layer Solution

The moisture content of subgrade soil increase will lead to soil strength and modulus decrease, the thesis proposes geotextile - graded gravel - geomembrane composite drainage layer solution, for raw materials in different areas, proposes different composite drainage layer layout scheme, and the technical specifications requirements of raw materials. Test section is constructed, analyses the composite drainage layer construction technology carefully, and humidity sensors are planted in the drainage layer, in which the test data show that: after setting the composite drainage layer, subgrade moisture is less affected by seasonal rainfall, humidity change is always in a lesser extent, water stability of the subgrade is increased significantly.

Key Technique on the Process Control for Construction of Hohhot Circle Expressway Asphalt Pavements

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1748-1753
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Pei Wen Hao
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Rigid Base ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Pavement Structure ◽  
Major Section

As vehicle flow on arterial highway in Inner Mongolia sharply increased, the originally designed natural increase rate of 8% per year has been exceeded on the vehicle flow in some sections. According to statistics, monthly average vehicle flow on major section of G6 expressway has reached a standard flow of 67478 vehicles per day and night, of which in 70-80% are large ones for coal transportation. Therefore, pavement load and road capacity have exceed the designed expressway load capacity. At present, semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure is still widely used for high-grade highway pavement in Inner Mongolia. With years of construction for such pavement structure, a great deal of valuable experience has been gained on construction technology. However, there are still a few deficiencies in the quality of raw materials, gradation control of asphalt mixture and adjustment of equipment, etc. Hohhot circle expressway connects with the G6 and G7 expressways, suffering from problems such as large vehicle flow and load overweight. This paper introduced a key technique that should be properly controlled during construction of such pavement structure, emphasized technique control and management of the following aspects, i.e. ballast sizes and gradation control, asphalt concrete mixture, adjustment of pavers, validation of mixing proportion in production and reasonable arrangement of process, and summarized corresponding technical measures taken during construction of asphalt pavement in this project.

OPTIMIZATION OF DOSAGES OF NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS IN THE FORMULATION OF PREVENTIVE ORIENTATION BREAD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. ПОНОМАРЕВА ◽  
С.И. ЛУКИНА ◽  
А.А. ЖУРАВЛЕВ ◽  
С.М. ПАВЛОВСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Statistical Criteria

Исследовано влияние сочетания нетрадиционных видов сырья – жидкого виноградного сахара и куркумы на качество хлеба из пшеничной муки. Проведена оптимизация дозировок этих рецептурных компонентов по выходным параметрам – удельному объему и формоустойчивости готового изделия. Оптимизацию рецептурного состава хлеба проводили с использованием методов математической статистики и дифференциального исчисления. Построены математические модели в виде регрессионных уравнений. Обработку экспериментальных данных выполняли по статистическим критериям Стьюдента, Кохрена и Фишера при доверительной вероятности 0,95. Дана графическая интерпретация регрессионных уравнений. Оптимизацию рецептурного состава хлеба проводили методом свертывания частных критериев в обобщенный аддитивный критерий. Определены оптимальные значения факторов: дозировка, % к массе муки, жидкого виноградного сахара – 2,50, куркумы – 2,75, обеспечивающие получение изделий с наилучшим сочетанием значений удельного объема и формоустойчивости. На основе полученных данных разработана рецептура и способ производства хлеба «Мерита» профилактической направленности (ТУ 9110–515–02068108–2019), характеризующегося улучшенным качеством и повышенной пищевой ценностью за счет дополнительного внесения биологически активных нутриентов. The influence of a combination of non-traditional raw materials – liquid grape sugar and turmeric on the quality of wheat flour bread has been studied. Optimization of the dosages of these prescription components according to the output parameters – specific volume and dimensional stability of the finished product was carried out with using methods of mathematical statistics and differential calculus. Mathematical models in the form of regression equations are constructed. The experimental data were processed according to the statistical criteria of Student, Cochran, and Fisher with a confidence probability of 0,95. Optimization of the formulation composition of bread was carried out by the method of folding partial criteria into a generalized additive criterion. The optimal values of the factors are determined: dosage, % by weight of flour, liquid grape sugar –2,50, turmeric – 2,75, ensuring the production of products with the best combination of specific volume and dimensional stability. On the basis of the obtained data, the formulation and method of production of bread «Merita» of a preventive orientation (Technical specifications 9110–515–02068108–2019) were developed. The product has improved quality and increased nutritional value due to the additional introduction of biologically active nutrients.

Carbonation Experimental Study on Thermal Insulation Glazed Hollow Bead Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Yan Jia Guo ◽  
Zhu Li ◽  
Yuan Zhen Liu ◽  
Shang Song Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Based on the compressive strength, the thermal conductivity, the elastic modulus and the steel bond strength of thermal insulation glazed hollow bead concrete, referring to the carbonation mechanism and the influence factors of the ordinary concrete, considering the impact of raw materials and the influence of construction technology, the study on thermal insulation glazed hollow bead concrete anti-carbonation was proposed. From the test results, it can conclude that for the same intensity level, the anti-carbonation capacity of the thermal insulation glazed hollow bead concrete is better than that of the ordinary concrete. For different strength grade of thermal insulation glazed hollow bead concrete, to some extend, the higher the intensity level is, the stronger the ability of thermal insulation glazed hollow bead concrete anti-carbonation is.

Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test for Porous Asphalt Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1338-1343
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jing Jing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Wheel Tracking Test ◽  
Wheel Tracking ◽  
Hamburg Wheel Tracking

According to the porous asphalt concrete’s big void structure as well as high temperature and rainy application environment, the author point out that using the conventional evaluation index such as high temperature stability and water stability to evaluate the PAC’s performance seem single, and then put up with estimating the PAC’s pavement performance by means of Hamburg Wheel Tracking under the water-high temperature’s comprehensive action. Studied on the PAC with the same raw materials and different gradations, and compared with the experimental results of AC-13 modified asphalt mixture and SMA-13, the results shows that, Hamburg Wheel Tracking test not only considered the water-high temperature’s comprehensive action on mixture, but also considered the mixture’s performance decay under long-term loading. Hamburg Wheel Tracking test can evaluate the PAC’s performance more practically, the PAC which materials and graduations reasonably designed have good performance, and its Hamburg Wheel Tracking final deformation is only 3.89mm, it can satisfy the demand from the high temperature and rainy environment. As well, the test results also comes to the conclusions that under the same materials and the same air voids, the PAC with coarse framework structure own better water stability and water-high temperature stability.

scholarly journals Current state of the normative basis for processing of japanese sardine Sardinops melanosticta and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus as prospective commercial species in the Far East

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Elena S. Chupikova ◽  
Svetlana A. Selivanchik ◽  
Eugene V. Yakush
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Japanese Sardine ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Fish Industry

Effective utilization of marine biological resources is one of the major directions of the fish industry development in Russia that is realized by involvement into the fishery of unused and underused species. Japanese sardine and chub mackerel are still unused by Russian fishery but they are considered as prospective ones. On account of these prospects, the fund of standards currently in force in fish industry is analyzed in order to check possibility of their use for processing of these species. It includes mainly inter-governmental and industrial standards and regulations for manufacture of food and technical products. The age of these standards is 2-27 years, on average 14 years for the sardine and 13 years for the mackerel. The technical regulations and standards for frozen products of japanese sardine and chub mackerel are reviewed briefly. The standards GOST 814-96 «Chilled fish TU» and GOST 32366-2013 «Frozen fish TU» are recommended for the chilled and frozen products with a short shelf life, though they are not allowed for the raw materials destined for further processing at coastal fish enterprises. Recently new requirements for food safety are developing, so the current standards have to be reviewed and redeveloped, in particular the storage time of chilled and frozen products should be longer in 2-3 times. Variety of the products has to be extended, including canned and preserved ones, in particular new technical specifications for the specialized, medical-prophylactic products and dietary supplements should be developed or updated to the modern requirements. Role of standardization in improving quality and competitiveness of fish products and efficiency of the raw materials utilization is discussed.

scholarly journals Organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests of artificial feed for milk fish substituted by earthworm meal (Lumbricus sp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aslamyah ◽  
Muh. Yusri Karim
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sinking Velocity

<p>Earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) is very prospective as milkfish feed raw materials to substitute fish meal. Type of raw material and the exact composition will generate artificial feed quality with high levels of water stability, desirable, and safe for the fish. The purpose of this study to evaluate the quality of milkfish feed at different levels of fish meal substitution with earthworms (Lumbricus sp.) based on organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests. The treatments tested levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal in artificial feed milkfish, namely: feed A (0%); feed B (34,62%); feed C (65,38%) and feed D (100%). The organoleptic and physical test showed that all the feed has a smooth texture, pungent aroma, and brown in color, with good water stability (rupture velocity ranged from 91,25±1,47 up to 92,87±1,67 minutes and dispersion of solids 11,14±1,55 up to 11,87±1,3%), hardness 84±0,18 up to 84,71±1,24%, sinking velocity 5,07±0,68 up to 5,64±0,17 cm/sec, the level of homogeneity of 81,34±0,17 up to 85,68±1,85%, the allure of 0,62±0,58 up to 0,65±0,12 cm/sec and delicious power of 0,059±0,024 up to 0,067±0,032 g/fish weight/day. The quality of feed is chemically with moisture content ranging from 8,4–9,1%, 16,7–19,46% ash, 31,07–32,37%, protein, 6,67–7,58% fat, crude fiber 7,45–7,87%, NFE (nitrogen free extracts) 35,35–35,48%. Results show that different levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) produces the same feed quality and contains nutrients in a range requirement milkfish. Accordingly, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) can be substituted for fish meal in fish milk feed artificial up to 100%.</p><p>Keywords: substitution, fish meal, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.), artificial feed, milkfish</p>

Use of non-traditional type of flour in the production of flour-based culinary products

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
A.T. Vasyukova ◽  
A.E. Alekseev ◽  
A.V. Moshkin ◽  
S.V. Egorova ◽  
V.G. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Main Components

This article presents the research on the use of flour-based products from non-traditional raw materials in functional nutrition. The possibility of combining rice flour with traditional components of the recipe, allowing to obtain the structure and properties characteristic of flour-based culinary products: pancakes, pizza, and samosa, is justified. The main components of rice grains and features of rice flour, as well as the possibility of forming a dough structure of different consistency based on rice flour, are considered. The purpose of this work is to study risk factors, functional additives, and develop a recipe and technology for the production of flour mixes with rice flour for gluten-free products. Flour-based culinary and confectionery products with increased nutritional value based on rice flour are characterized by high consumer characteristics; they are in demand for people suffering from celiac disease who stick to a gluten-free diet. The developed range of new products is protected by patents; there is regulatory documentation — technical specifications.

Potential of Micro Gas Turbines to Provide Renewable Heat and Power in Off-Grid Applications for Desalination and Industrial Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Montes-Sánchez ◽  
B. de Weert ◽  
B. Petit ◽  
L. García-Rodríguez ◽  
D. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Technical Specifications

Abstract The demand for all types of resources (food, freshwater, energy and raw materials) has increased alarmingly due to the continuous techno-economic development of society, bringing about a pressing shortage not only in low-income countries but also in more developed economies. Such is the case for the very wealthy countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council, which are currently struggling with the lack of fresh water supply, or certain countries in Latin America where the contamination of natural water sources poses a major environmental threat. In order to assess this water-energy nexus problem, this paper looks into systems where the production of renewable power is combined with either freshwater production (through desalination) or industrial wastewater treatment for effluent control. Three enabling renewable energy technologies are assessed: solar micro gas turbines, wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. In all cases, off-grid installations are considered. The paper describes the characteristics of these three systems and provides a comparison of technical specifications, yield and costs. Wind and photovoltaic are the standard approach, as already proven by a number of commercial plants, but solar micro gas turbines exhibit additional flexibility (in particular when hybridisation is considered) and have the differential feature of producing not only electric power but also heat. This enables the combination of different types of water treatment technologies in order to increase water production/recovery which, in turn, reduces the environmental impact of the production process associated (either freshwater or other good or service).

scholarly journals Environmentally friendly building materials for residential high-rise construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan ◽  
Vitaly Khvan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sufficient Strength

Materials, products and systems used as finishing of external surfaces and/or interior rooms when erecting or reconstructing buildings and structures should: protect the person in the room finished with these materials from the pathogenic effects of materials, products and building systems; if possible, do not exert pathological physiological and/or activity loads on people carrying out production or life activities in rooms finished with these materials and/or equipped with products and systems. As a result of the research, it was found that the source of 80% of the chemicals found in the air environment of the apartments is used construction and finishing materials. Currently, the quality of raw materials for building materials and the building materials and structures themselves are determined by GOST and Technical Specifications. A civil engineer is required to correctly select a material, product, or structure that has sufficient strength, reliability, and durability for specific conditions. Safe in themselves, finishing materials, products, and systems in the composition can acquire and demonstrate new properties. Therefore, the study of this problem is an urgent task of the near future and one of the directions of construction anthropotechnology, in particular, when implementing high-rise construction projects.

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