Preparation and Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Corn Residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1781-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suesat Jantip ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Corn Residues

The agricultural wastes from harvesting corn, viz. corn husks and corn cobs were used as raw materials for the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose. From chemical composition analysis, holocellulose, -cellulose, hemicellulose, extractive and ash contents found in the corn husk were higher than those in the corn cob except for lignin. The study found that these corn residues could potentially be used for microcrystalline cellulose preparation. The properties of the microcrystalline cellulose obtained from these corn residues were examined in comparison with the commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH101. Their crystal feature was in cellulose I form which showed the crystal reflections at 2s around 15 o, 17 o and 22o, being the same as that of Avicel PH101. Whilst their crystallinity was lower and the crystal size was smaller than Avicel PH101. The crystal size of the microcrystalline cellulose from the corn residues was around 3 nm whereas that of Avicel PH101 was about 4 nm. In addition, the thermal stability of the prepared microcrystalline cellulose was slightly lower than that of Avicel PH101. Corn husks provided more thermally stable microcrystalline cellulose than corn cobs.

scholarly journals Optimizing Edible Film from Corn Cobs with Surface Response Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 08009
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari ◽  
Adelia Hayu Regita ◽  
Dimas Wahyu Dwi Putra ◽  
Dira Ernawati ◽  
Widi Wurjani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Surface Response Method ◽  
Response Method

The increase in plastic production worldwide has created quite a serious environmental problem. Edible film is an alternative packaging that can decompose naturally, one of the materials that can be used to make edible films is starch. This study aims to determine the composition of corn cob starch and plasticizers that can produce edible films with the best properties. The starch used is derived from corn cobs and the plasticizers used are glycerol and sorbitol. The edible film in this study was made by the casting method by dispersing the raw materials, heating the mixture, printing the edible film and drying the edible film. This research was conducted with variations in the corncob of 5, 6 and 7 in grams and the variation of the ratio of glycerol to sorbitol plasticizer is 2:8; 3:7; 5:5; 7:3; 8:2 (ml). The more starch content increases the thickness of the edible film and tensile strength, but the elongation and water vapor permeability decreases, the best edible film is obtained at the glycerol-sorbitol composition ratio of 5:5 with the amount of corncob starch of 7 grams.

scholarly journals REVIEW: CORN COB POTENTIAL FOR APPLICATIONS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Dani Ganesha ◽  
Salsabila Maris Syahputri ◽  
Samuel Yedija Liem ◽  
Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Harum Azizah Darojati
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Brake Lining

Post-harvest activities of agricultural products often generate wastes. One of the agricultural wastes that increase every year is corn cobs, which have a high cellulose content and can potentially be used as raw materials for making natural fibers. Therefore, this study aims to examine several potential commercial products from corn cobs. The method used is a literature study by tracing the sources of previous writings. Furthermore, how to process corn cobs waste for the manufacture of natural fibers and commercial products will be discussed. From the previously traced sources in the utilization of corn cobs waste, 4 products were obtained. The results are nano hydrogels based on gamma radiation, activated carbon with a carbonation process, bioethanol using the SSF process, and the use of corn cob cellulose as good-quality brake lining.

scholarly journals Field Decomposition of Corn Cob in Seasonally Frozen Soil and Its Intrinsic Influencing Factors: The Case of Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Yu Zou ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Luquan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mesh Bag ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Returning corn cobs to the field during corn kernel harvesting is an effective way to improve soil properties and increase crop yield. However, seasonally frozen soil seriously hinders the field decomposition process of corn cobs. To explore the decomposition characteristics and promote field decomposition, in this study, the nylon mesh bag method was used to perform field decomposition tests for 150 days. Fiber composition analysis and microstructure observation were carried out. The results showed that the field decomposition of corn cob was influenced by temperature, precipitation, and frozen soil environment. The 150-day cumulative decomposition rates of the pith, woody ring, and glume were 40.0%, 24.2%, and 36.3%, respectively. Caused by the difference in fiber compositions, the decomposition speeds of pith and glume were much higher than that of the woody ring. The complex microstructures of the pith, woody ring, and glume led to differences in the accessibility of cellulose, which indirectly influenced the field decomposition characteristics. The homogeneous sponge-like structure of the pith and glume increased the accessibility of cellulose and ultimately accelerated the field decomposition, while the compact lignocellulosic structure of the woody ring hindered the decomposition process. Compared with corn stalk, corn cob had similar or even better field decomposition characteristics and excellent application prospects.

scholarly journals The Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Corn Cob Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibril Reinforced Bioplastics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yen Chong ◽  
Yen San Chan ◽  
Ming Chiat Law ◽  
Jordy Kim Ung Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibril ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Corn cobs fibers mainly the cellulose nanofibril (CNF) have been widely utilized as a reinforcement filler in bioplastic matrix. However, the preparation of CNF involves bleaching process which is not environmentally friendly. For that, lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril (LCNF) from corn cobs were prepared and its potential as reinforcement filler in bioplastic matrix was investigated. The LCNF were prepared by using soda process and silane treatment (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APS) was performed for surface modification purpose. Specifically, the effects of LCNF loading and APS-treated LCNF loading (8 wt%, 10 wt% and 12 wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of corn starch-based plain bioplastic were evaluated. The results showed that a 12 wt% LCNF reinforced bioplastic has improved the tensile strength by 108% and reduced the elongation by 10% as compared to corn starch-based plain bioplastic. 12 wt% LCNF reinforced bioplastic was able to retain 9% more residues than the plain bioplastic at 300 , suggesting that the addition of LCNF improved the thermal stability of starch-based plain bioplastic. Interestingly, silane-treated LCNF reinforced bioplastic only showed minor improvements on mechanical strength at low LCNF loading (8 wt% and 10 wt%); When higher LCNF loading was introduced, the mechanical strength was found to be lower as compared to untreated LCNF reinforced bioplastic. Moreover, the effects of silane treatment on the thermal properties of LCNF reinforced bioplastic were insignificant in our study. This finding suggests that LCNF shows good potential as reinforcement filler in bioplastic matrix and silane treatment did not promote strengthening effects in this work.

scholarly journals Study on microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel material

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
Hongkai Zhao ◽  
Kehan Zhang ◽  
Shoupeng Rui ◽  
Peipei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Water ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Bet Analysis

AbstractIn the present contribution, an environmental-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent was reported for soil treatment and desertification control. A novel foam gel material was synthesized here by the physical foaming in the absence of catalyst. By adopting modified microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan as raw materials and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as foaming agent, a microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel was synthesized. It is expected to replace polymers derived from petroleum for agricultural applications. In addition, a systematical study was conducted on the adsorbability, water holding capacity and re-expansion performance of foam gel in deionized water and brine under different SDS concentrations (2%–5%) as well as adsorption time. To be specific, the adsorption capacity of foam gel was up to 105g/g in distilled water and 54g/g in brine, indicating a high water absorption performance. As revealed from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, both the amino group of chitosan and the aldehyde group modified by cellulose were involved. According to the results of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, the foam gel was found to exhibit an interconnected pore network with uniform pore space. As suggested by Bet analysis, the macroporous structure was formed in the sample, and the pore size ranged from 0 to 170nm. The mentioned findings demonstrated that the foam gel material of this study refers to a potential environmental absorbent to improve soil and desert environments. It can act as a powerful alternative to conventional petroleum derived polymers.

analysis of mechanical properties of ceiling boards based on corn cobs and coconut coir waste with latex adhesive

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ety Jumiati ◽  
Ufik Eliati Tumanggor ◽  
Abdul Halim Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Coconut Coir

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p>Ceiling evelopment by utilizing waste corn cobs, coconut coir with gypsum flour an the adition of latex adhesive. Variations in the composition of the mixture of corn cobs, coconut coir, gypsum flour with latex adhesive include sample A (0:0:100:15), sample B (3:3:94:15), sample C (6:6:88:15), sample D (9:9:82:15), sample E (12:12:76:15), and sample F (15:15:70:15) with emphasis using a <em>hot press </em>and drying for 28 days. The test parameters include flexural strength and fracture strength. The test results show that sample B in the composition (3:3:94:15) is the optimal result. In this composition, the resulting ceiling board has the characteristics of a flexural strength of 3966,39 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> and a fracture strength of 1088,6 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p><p><strong><em>Keyword :</em></strong><em> Lateks , Ceiling Board, Coconut Coir, Corn Cob</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Stable, metastable and unstable cellulose solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gubitosi ◽  
Pegah Nosrati ◽  
Mona Koder Hamid ◽  
Stefan Kuczera ◽  
Manja A. Behrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Minor

We have characterized the dissolution state of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, TBAH(aq), at different concentrations of TBAH, by means of turbidity and small-angle X-ray scattering. The solubility of cellulose increases with increasing TBAH concentration, which is consistent with solubilization driven by neutralization. When comparing the two polymorphs, the solubility of cellulose I is higher than that of cellulose II. This has the consequence that the dissolution of MCC (cellulose I) may create a supersaturated solution with respect to cellulose II. As for the dissolution state of cellulose, we identify three different regimes. (i) In the stable regime, corresponding to concentrations below the solubility of cellulose II, cellulose is molecularly dissolved and the solutions are thermodynamically stable. (ii) In the metastable regime, corresponding to lower supersaturations with respect to cellulose II, a minor aggregation of cellulose occurs and the solutions are kinetically stable. (iii) In the unstable regime, corresponding to larger supersaturations, there is macroscopic precipitation of cellulose II from solution. Finally, we also discuss strong alkali solvents in general and compare TBAH(aq) with the classical NaOH(aq) solvent.

scholarly journals Using four pelletizing machines with flat die and different capacities for obtaining the best pellets from corn cobs waste

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7058-7073
Author(s):  
Aurel Lunguleasa ◽  
Cosmin Spirchez ◽  
Sorin Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Corn Cobs

Making pellets from corn cobs, the goal of this work, was motivated by the abundance of vegetable biomass. Corn is used in both animal and human food. Four pelletizing presses with flat die and different capacities were considered. The influence of the capacity of the pellet mills on the density of the obtained pellets was established by increasing the capacities of the pellet mills to increase the density of the pellets. The waste of crushed corn cobs was used for pelletizing. The energy characteristics of the pellets from corn cobs were determined, with a high calorific value of 20.0 MJ·kg-1 and a calorific density of 19.8 MJ·m-3; these values were much higher than the wood species used currently in combustion. The black and calcined ash contents of 24.7% and 2.3%, respectively, were also obtained. Based on the main properties of experimental pellets, corn cob waste can be regarded as suitable for transformation into pellets with good characteristics. The positive influence of capacity press increase on density of pellets was also highlighted.

scholarly journals The Effects of Sintering Temperature and Agro Wastes on the Properties of Insulation Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
H.E. Mgbemere ◽  
E.O. Obidiegwu ◽  
A.U. Ubong
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Ball Clay

In this research, kaolin, ball clay, sawdust and rice husk were used to produce insulation bricks through the solid state synthesis method. Two temperatures, 1100oC and 1200oC were used to sinter the green samples. X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength tests etc. were used to analyse the properties of the produced bricks. Chemical composition analysis on the starting raw materials showed that SiO2 and Al2O3 were the major constituents while Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2 were the minor constituents. As the amounts of kaolin used in preparing the samples decrease, the bulk density, modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength of the bricks decreases while the water absorption capacity, linear shrinkage increases. The thermal analysis showed that on heating the samples, the reactions were mainly exothermic with between 8 to 10 mW/mg of heat released. The morphology of the samples showed that the pores began to collapse when the amount of kaolin present is below 70 wt. %. Sintering the samples at 1100oC and 1200oC led to slightly different values in the results and is therefore very significant. Keywords: Insulation bricks, Kaolin, sawdust, rice husk, temperature effects

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