scholarly journals The Effects of Sintering Temperature and Agro Wastes on the Properties of Insulation Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
H.E. Mgbemere ◽  
E.O. Obidiegwu ◽  
A.U. Ubong
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Ball Clay

In this research, kaolin, ball clay, sawdust and rice husk were used to produce insulation bricks through the solid state synthesis method. Two temperatures, 1100oC and 1200oC were used to sinter the green samples. X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength tests etc. were used to analyse the properties of the produced bricks. Chemical composition analysis on the starting raw materials showed that SiO2 and Al2O3 were the major constituents while Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2 were the minor constituents. As the amounts of kaolin used in preparing the samples decrease, the bulk density, modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength of the bricks decreases while the water absorption capacity, linear shrinkage increases. The thermal analysis showed that on heating the samples, the reactions were mainly exothermic with between 8 to 10 mW/mg of heat released. The morphology of the samples showed that the pores began to collapse when the amount of kaolin present is below 70 wt. %. Sintering the samples at 1100oC and 1200oC led to slightly different values in the results and is therefore very significant. Keywords: Insulation bricks, Kaolin, sawdust, rice husk, temperature effects

Effect of MgAl2O4 Micrpowder on Physical Properties of Corundum Castables

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 348-351
Author(s):  
Yao Sheng Hu ◽  
Ping An Chen ◽  
Bo Quan Zhu ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Xiang Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
Aluminate Cement

Corundum-based castables were prepared by using tabular corundum, micropowder of MgAl2O4spinel and calcium aluminate cement as raw materials, as well as the addition of dispersion agent and retarder. The effect of spinel contents on physical properties of the castables has been investigated. The results showed that as the samples were heat treated at 1100 °C and 1600 °C, the linear shrinkage rate decreased and the strength of rupture and crushing at room temperature increased with spinel content increasing, while apparent porosity and bulk density remained the same. The hot modulus of rupture increased from 12 MPa to 20MPa with 67% growth rate, and crushing strength after thermal shock increased from 80MPa to 105MPa with 32% growth rate. The increasing of high-temperature properties was attributed to the staggered distribution between MgAl2O4spinel and CA6.

β-SiAlON Bonded Corundum Material and Its Application as Sliding Gate Plate for Continuous Casting

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1683-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Quan Zhu ◽  
Xiang Cheng Li ◽  
Cong Jin Jin ◽  
Zeya Li ◽  
Shou Xin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Good Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength ◽  
Gate Plate ◽  
Z Value

β-sialon bonded corundum-based sliding gate plate was developed from raw materials of Al, metallic silicon and alumina through nitriding-reaction process. It was found that the effects of β-sialon content on the physical properties are significant and the mechanical properties of developed sliding gate plate are strongly related to the Z-value. The materials with Z value of 2 and 20wt% β-sialon, exhibit the highest hot modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength. It was also found that sialon bonded corundum-based material has good oxidation resistance because a protective layer is formed during oxidation process.

scholarly journals Investigation on Physico-Chemical Properties of Vitreous China Sanitary Ware from Local Clays

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Parveen ◽  
Shirin Akter Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Black Clay

The cost of producing sanitary ware in Bangladesh is substantially low as compared to the advanced countries, because of low labour cost and abundance of basic raw materials. Ten sanitary ware compositions were prepared using Bijoypur clay, black clay, red clay, ball clay and china clay with fluxes and filler materials. Chemical compositions of the raw materials and the formulated batch compositions were determined. Physical properties (linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption etc) and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the prepared body compositions were also determined. The sample specimens were fired at 1150°C and 1200°C. Compositions S-3, S-4, S- 5, S-7, S-8 and S-10 at 1150°C were found to be of good quality. Key words: Linear shrinkage; Bulk density; Water absorption; MOR; Red clay; Black clay. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7386 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(4), 387-392, 2010

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF CaO-BASED PELLET USING RICE HUSK ASH VIA GRANULATION METHOD FOR POTENTIAL CO2 CAPTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Farah Diana Mohd Daud ◽  
Muhammad Mirza Mohamad Azir ◽  
Mudrikah Sofia Mahmud ◽  
Norshahida Sarifuddin ◽  
Hafizah Hanim Mohd Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Co2 Capturing ◽  
The Stability

CO2 capturing has become very significant option to reduce the emission of CO2 in the atmosphere and hence, minimizing environmental issues.Among solid CO2 sorbent, calcium oxide (CaO) is an attractive regenerable sorbent for CO2 capturing because of their reactivity and high CO2 absorption capacity. CaO alone suffers from rapid decay of CO2 adsorption during multiple carbonation/calcination reaction cycles. The stability of CaO sorbents during cyclic runs can be achieved via the incorporation of additive support materials. The silica (SiO2) from natural sources such as rice husk is the best candidate to be used as an additive in the sorbents. However, the CaO-based sorbent in finely generated  powders are prone to severe attrition problems. Therefore, this research focuses on preparation of CaO-based pellets by using rice husk ash (RHA) via granulation method. The result of the raw materials confirmed that Ca(OH)2 have crystalline structure with finely distributed grains and RHA exhibit amorphous structure with randomly oriented size grains. Based on the XRD, it is confirmed that the insertion of RHA does not alter the phase structure of the pellets. Each ratio yield different intensity value and has formation of new peaks after sintering. Meanwhile, the microstructures of the pellets show that the pores reduced as the calcination temperature increased while the incorporation of RHA caused the pores size increased with randomly oriented shape. These findings indicate that the optimum value for the pellets is with the Ca(OH)2:RHA ratio of 80:20 and calcination temperature of 750 °C. ABSTRAK: Penangkapan CO2 telah menjadi pilihan yang sangat penting untuk mengurangkan pelepasan CO2 di atmosfer serta kesan alam sekitar. Antara penjerap CO2 pepejal, kalsium oksida (CaO) adalah penyerapan yang menarik untuk CO2 yang ditangkap kerana kereaktifan dan kapasiti penyerapan CO2 yang tinggi. CaO sahaja menderita daripada pelepasan cepat penjerapan CO2 semasa kitaran tindakbalas karbonasi / kalsinasi. Kestabilan CaO penjerap semasa berlaku kitaran boleh dicapai melalui penggabungan bahan sokongan tambahan. Silika (SiO2) dari sumber semula jadi seperti sekam padi (RHA) adalah calon terbaik untuk digunakan sebagai aditif dalam penjerap. Walau bagaimanapun, penjerap berasaskan CaO dalam bentuk serbuk halus yang dihasilkan adalah terdedah kepada masalah pergeseran yang teruk. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada penyediaan pelet berasaskan CaO dengan menggunakan abu sekam beras melalui kaedah granulasi. Hasil bahan mentah mengesahkan bahawa Ca(OH)2 mempunyai struktur kristalografi dengan bijirin halus dan RHA yang mempamerkan struktur bukan kristal dengan butiran saiz berorientasikan secara rawak. Berdasarkan XRD, ia disahkan bahawa penyisipan RHA tidak mengubah struktur kristalografi pelet. Setiap nisbah menghasilkan nilai intensiti yang berbeza dan mempunyai pembentukan puncak baru selepas pensinteran. Sementara itu, mikrostruktur pelet menunjukkan bahawa pori-pori berkurangan apabila suhu kalsinasi meningkat sementara pembentukan RHA menyebabkan saiz pori meningkat dengan bentuk berorientasikan rawak. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa nilai optimum bagi pelet adalah dengan nisbah Ca(OH)2:RHA 80:20 dan suhu kalsinasi 750 °C.

scholarly journals Waste to Wealth Strategy: Preparation and Properties of Lightweight Al2O3-SiO2-Rich Castables Using Aluminum Dross Waste

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
Nan Su ◽  
Zishen Li ◽  
Youdong Ding ◽  
Hongliang Yang ◽  
Jingzhou Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Furnace Lining ◽  
Aluminum Dross ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength

Aluminum dross is a well-known industrial waste generated in the aluminium industry, and its recycling and reuse is still a worldwide issue. Herein, aluminum dross waste (ADW) was recycled to progressively replace the aggregate fraction of clay at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90 wt% for the fabrication of Al2O3-SiO2-rich porous castable refractories. Their physical properties and mechanical behavior were assessed by the measurement of linear shrinkage rate, bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength, and thermal conductivity. The microstructure and phase evolutions were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The incorporation of 85 wt% of ADW allowed the development of a waste-containing conventional refractory castable with improved properties as compared to those of the other samples. The sustainable refractory castable exhibited decent thermal conductivity and physical and mechanical characteristics, and is suitable for application as reheating furnace lining. It is a “green” practice to partially replace the traditional raw materials with industrial waste in the manufacture of conventional refractory castables and provides environmental and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andreola ◽  
Isabella Lancellotti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Luisa Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Packaging Glass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Fabrication of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane-Based Composite Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3497
Author(s):  
Piotr Stachak ◽  
Izabela Łukaszewska ◽  
Edyta Hebda ◽  
Krzysztof Pielichowski
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Polyurethanes (PUs) are a significant group of polymeric materials that, due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, are used in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUs are obtained in polyaddition reactions between diisocyanates and polyols. Due to the toxicity of isocyanate raw materials and their synthesis method utilizing phosgene, new cleaner synthetic routes for polyurethanes without using isocyanates have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Among different attempts to replace the conventional process, polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines seems to be the most promising way to obtain non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) or, more precisely, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), while primary and secondary –OH groups are being formed alongside urethane linkages. Such an approach eliminates hazardous chemical compounds from the synthesis and leads to the fabrication of polymeric materials with unique and tunable properties. The main advantages include better chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance, and the process itself is invulnerable to moisture, which is an essential technological feature. NIPUs can be modified via copolymerization or used as matrices to fabricate polymer composites with different additives, similar to their conventional counterparts. Hence, non-isocyanate polyurethanes are a new class of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Many papers on the matter above have been published, including both original research and extensive reviews. However, they do not provide collected information on NIPU composites fabrication and processing. Hence, this review describes the latest progress in non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis, modification, and finally processing. While focusing primarily on the carbonate/amine route, methods of obtaining NIPU are described, and their properties are presented. Ways of incorporating various compounds into NIPU matrices are characterized by the role of PHU materials in copolymeric materials or as an additive. Finally, diverse processing methods of non-isocyanate polyurethanes are presented, including electrospinning or 3D printing.

Influence of the synthesis method of tert-butylated triphenyl phosphates on the operational properties of fire-resistant fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
A.S. Medzhibovskiy ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kolokolnikov ◽  
A.O. Savchenko ◽  
G.A. Poldushova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Phosphorus Oxychloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphate ◽  
Prolonged Contact

Three substituted aryl esters of orthophosphoric acid are the base component of fire-resistant fluids used in the lubricating and electro-hydraulic control system at steam and gas turbines of power plants. In this paper, we studied the possibility of improving the physicochemical and performance properties of phosphates, which are made of the raw materials available in the Russian Federation: phenol and 4-tert-butylphenol by reducing the content of an undesirable component - unsubstituted triphenyl phosphate, which is particularly vulnerable towards water. According to the results of the work, the conclusions were made: - a decrease in the content of triphenyl phosphate to a level of 1% and below leads to some improvement (reduction) of the air release time and an increase in the hydrolytic stability (represented as reducing the change in acid number after prolonged contact with water) of the fire-resistant fluid based on mixed esters. The degree of change of these properties is quantified. - it is possible to achieve the minimum content of triphenyl phosphate by changing the phosphorylation technology. By carrying out the process stepwise, the possibility of the interaction of phosphorus oxychloride with unsubstituted phenol is substantially eliminated, that is why there is almost no probability of an undesirable component formation in the resulting mixture of esters.

METHOD OF PROCESSING COLLAGEN FRESHWATER FISH TO OBTAIN A MATERIAL WITH A HIGH MOISTURE ABSORBING ABILITY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. АНТИПОВА ◽  
С.А. ТИТОВ ◽  
И.В. СУХОВ
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Free Access ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Исследовано взаимодействие коллагена пресноводных рыб с водой для повышения его водопоглощающей способности. Объектом исследования был вторичный продукт переработки рыбного сырья – шкуры прудовых рыб, преимущественно толстолобика. Для исследования были использованы методы термогравиметрии и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии. Измерения проведены на приборе синхронного термического анализа модели STA 449 F3 Jupiter. Установлено, что основная доля влаги связывается адсорбционным или осмотическим путем, а на долю капиллярной влаги приходится всего 7% массы воды, связанной образцами. Большая величина энергии связи адсорбции – 4 Дж/моль свидетельствует о способности функциональных групп коллагена к созданию гидратной оболочки, содержащей значительное количество воды. Для увеличения влагопоглощающей способности необходимо разрыхление коллагеновых волокон, что увеличивается свободный доступ влаги к фибриллам белка, увеличивающим впитывание влаги. Для эффективного разрыхления предложено выдерживать шкуры толстолобика в растворе органических кислот концентрацией 0,5%. Это позволяет добиться высокой влагоемкости, которая достигает 35–40 объемов влаги на 1 единицу массы исследуемого материала, что делает перспективным использование коллагена в качестве материала для впитывающих влагу слоев средств личной гигиены, одежды, обуви. The interaction of freshwater fish collagen with water to increase its water absorption capacity was studied. The secondary product of processing of fish raw materials – skins of pond fish, mainly silver carp, was the object of study. Methods of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry were used for the study. Measurements were carried out on the device of synchronous thermal analysis of model STA 449 F3 Jupiter. It was found that the bulk of the moisture is bound by adsorption or osmotic way, and 7% of mass of the water connected by samples fall to the share of capillary moisture. A large amount of adsorption binding energy – 4 J/mol indicates the ability of collagen functional groups to create a hydrated shell containing a significant amount of water. Loosening of collagen fibers is necessary to increase the moisture absorption capacity, which will increase the free access of moisture to the protein fibrils, increasing the absorption of moisture. It is proposed to withstand the skins of silver carp in a solution of organic acids with a concentration of 0,5% for effective loosening. This makes it possible to achieve high moisture capacity, which reaches 35–40 volumes of moisture per 1 unit mass of the test material, which makes it promising to use collagen as a material for moisture-absorbing layers of personal hygiene products, clothing, and shoes.

Characterization of Ceramic Tiles Added with EAF Slag Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Ter Teo ◽  
Abu Seman Anasyida ◽  
Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Slag Waste

The increasing production of steel leads to an increment of solid wastes generated especially Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag. This becomes a serious concern as the slag has to be disposed in a proper manner in order to avoid dumping in landfills which will eventually occupy available land and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. In this project, an attempt was made to utilize the EAF slag as one of the raw materials in ceramic tiles. Results obtained showed that as percentage of EAF slag added was increased up to 60%, percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption were found to increase, accompanied by reduction in flexural strength due to more severe porosity was observed in the tiles. On the other hand, reducing the percentage of EAF slag up to 40% while increasing percentage of ball clay added led to formation of higher total percentage of anortite and wollastonite minerals. This would contribute to higher flexural strength of tiles. In addition, by adding silica and feldspar, the flexural strength of tile produced was further improved due to optimization of densification process. Highest flexural strength of EAF slag based tiles was attained at composition of 40% EAF slag 30% ball clay 10% feldspar 20% silica. It was observed that properties of ceramic tiles added with EAF slag, especially flexural strength are comparable with commercial ceramic tiles. Therefore, the EAF slag ceramic tiles have great potential to be made into high flexural strength or wear resistant floor tiles.

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