scholarly journals REVIEW: CORN COB POTENTIAL FOR APPLICATIONS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Dani Ganesha ◽  
Salsabila Maris Syahputri ◽  
Samuel Yedija Liem ◽  
Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Harum Azizah Darojati
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Brake Lining

Post-harvest activities of agricultural products often generate wastes. One of the agricultural wastes that increase every year is corn cobs, which have a high cellulose content and can potentially be used as raw materials for making natural fibers. Therefore, this study aims to examine several potential commercial products from corn cobs. The method used is a literature study by tracing the sources of previous writings. Furthermore, how to process corn cobs waste for the manufacture of natural fibers and commercial products will be discussed. From the previously traced sources in the utilization of corn cobs waste, 4 products were obtained. The results are nano hydrogels based on gamma radiation, activated carbon with a carbonation process, bioethanol using the SSF process, and the use of corn cob cellulose as good-quality brake lining.

scholarly journals Optimizing Edible Film from Corn Cobs with Surface Response Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 08009
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari ◽  
Adelia Hayu Regita ◽  
Dimas Wahyu Dwi Putra ◽  
Dira Ernawati ◽  
Widi Wurjani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Surface Response Method ◽  
Response Method

The increase in plastic production worldwide has created quite a serious environmental problem. Edible film is an alternative packaging that can decompose naturally, one of the materials that can be used to make edible films is starch. This study aims to determine the composition of corn cob starch and plasticizers that can produce edible films with the best properties. The starch used is derived from corn cobs and the plasticizers used are glycerol and sorbitol. The edible film in this study was made by the casting method by dispersing the raw materials, heating the mixture, printing the edible film and drying the edible film. This research was conducted with variations in the corncob of 5, 6 and 7 in grams and the variation of the ratio of glycerol to sorbitol plasticizer is 2:8; 3:7; 5:5; 7:3; 8:2 (ml). The more starch content increases the thickness of the edible film and tensile strength, but the elongation and water vapor permeability decreases, the best edible film is obtained at the glycerol-sorbitol composition ratio of 5:5 with the amount of corncob starch of 7 grams.

scholarly journals The Effect of NaOH Concentration and microwave exposure time to the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of Corn Cob

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sri Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract.Currently ethanol produced from molasses, cassava and maize, thereby competing with the need for food, animals feed and other industrial raw materials, so that the supply of raw materials is not continuity. If this continues, it will certainly have an impact on food prices spike, it will create new problems on the economy of the community, and one of an alternative raw material for bioethanol production is cellulose biomass.To convert biomass into bioethanol through several stages, including pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. The content of lignin in biomass will disturb the enzymatic hydrolysis process, so it is necessary to encourage the delignification in the pretreatment stage. Microwave - alkali pretreatment can reduce more lignin and hemicellulose in rice straw, so it needs to be an effort to change the composition of lignocellulose and improve the hydrolysis of corn cob is fermented to become ethanol. Pretreatment of corn cobs research was done using randomized block design arranged in factorial and repeated 2 times. The first factor is the concentration of NaOH for 0,5 N, 1 N and 1,5N. The second factor is the time of exposure to microwave heat radiation for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The results showed that cellulose content increases with prolonged exposure concentrations of NaOH and microwave, as well as to the content of hemicellulose and lignin decreased along with the increase of exposure duration of Microwave and the increase of NaOH concentrations.

scholarly journals Intensification of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis by microwave pretreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Mücahit Varlı ◽  
Elif Gülin Ertuğral ◽  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr ◽  
Sándor Beszédes
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media

A significant representative of the third generation of raw materials is waste containing hemicellulose. Agriculture and the food industry generate a great deal of this type of waste, which has many potential opportunities for processing. Our research group investigated the pre-treatments for the enzymatic saccharification of the cellulose content of the two fractions of corn cob meal. Microwave energy communication was performed in both acidic and alkaline media. It was found that the pH of the medium influences the amount of reducing sugars, but to an almost equal extent. The yield is also significantly dependent on the starting material and the concentration of the suspension.

Preparation and Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Corn Residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1781-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suesat Jantip ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Corn Residues

The agricultural wastes from harvesting corn, viz. corn husks and corn cobs were used as raw materials for the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose. From chemical composition analysis, holocellulose, -cellulose, hemicellulose, extractive and ash contents found in the corn husk were higher than those in the corn cob except for lignin. The study found that these corn residues could potentially be used for microcrystalline cellulose preparation. The properties of the microcrystalline cellulose obtained from these corn residues were examined in comparison with the commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH101. Their crystal feature was in cellulose I form which showed the crystal reflections at 2s around 15 o, 17 o and 22o, being the same as that of Avicel PH101. Whilst their crystallinity was lower and the crystal size was smaller than Avicel PH101. The crystal size of the microcrystalline cellulose from the corn residues was around 3 nm whereas that of Avicel PH101 was about 4 nm. In addition, the thermal stability of the prepared microcrystalline cellulose was slightly lower than that of Avicel PH101. Corn husks provided more thermally stable microcrystalline cellulose than corn cobs.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF RICE STRAW AS A NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Lulu Fahriah Lihawa ◽  
Itsna Wafiyatul Izzah ◽  
Khairum Hawari Qolbiyah Siregar ◽  
Kurnia Syarafina Ramadhanti ◽  
Harum Azizah Darojati
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Natural Cellulose

Cellulose is a material used in producing natural fibers, which is more environmentally friendly than synthetic fibers. Rice straw waste contains much cellulose and has potential as natural fiber. However, before the natural cellulose fiber is extracted from the rice straw, it must pass through several processes, such as chemicals or nuclear radiation, especially during the pretreatment process. Furthermore, the resulting natural fibers are utilized to replace synthetic fibers for use as raw materials in manufacturing several commercial products. This review describes a process that can be applied to manufacture natural fibers from rice straw and commercial products made from natural cellulose fibers.

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Arnas Majumder ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Costantino Carlo Mastino ◽  
Antonio Pacitto ◽  
Andrea Frattolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Operational Phase

The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

PU composites based on different types of textile fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110316
Author(s):  
Nuno Gama ◽  
B Godinho ◽  
Ana Barros-Timmons ◽  
Artur Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Water ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recycled Composites

In this study polyurethane (PU) residues were mixed with residues of textile fibers (cotton, wool and synthetic fibers up to 70 wt/wt) to produce 100% recycled composites. In addition, the effect of the type of fiber on the performance of the ensuing composites was evaluated. The presence of fibers showed similar effect on the density, reducing the density in the 5.5-9.0% range. In a similar manner, the addition of fillers decreased their thermal conductivity. The 70 wt/wt wool composite presented 38.1% lower thermal conductivity when compared to the neat matrix, a reduction that was similar for the other type of fibers. Moreover, the presence of fillers yields stiffer materials, especially in the case of the Wool based composites, which with 70 wt/wt of filler content increased the tensile modulus of the ensuing material 3.4 times. This was attributed to the aspect ratio and stiffness of this type of fiber. Finally, the high-water absorption and lower thermal stability observed, especially in the case of the natural fibers, was associated with the hydrophilic nature of fibers and porosity of composites. Overall, the results suggest that these textile-based composites are suitable for construction and automotive applications, with the advantage of being produced from 100% recycled raw-materials, without compromised performance.

Agricultural waste as a source of innovative and compostable composite biopolymers for food packaging: a scientific review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ronzano ◽  
Roberta Stefanini ◽  
Giulia Borghesi ◽  
Giuseppe Vignali
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Materials Used

"The recovery of agriculture waste is one of the challenges of 2030 Agenda. Food and Agriculture Organization states that 30 % of the world’s agricultural land is used to produce food that is later lost or wasted, and the global carbon footprint corresponds to 7% of total greenhouse gases emissions. Alternatively, natural fibers contained in food and agricultural waste could be a valuable feedstock to reinforce composite biopolymers contributing to increase mechanical properties. In addition, the use of biopolymers matrix could contribute significantly to reduce the environmental footprint of the biobased compounds. Based on these premises, a regional project in Emilia-Romagna, aims to enhance agricultural waste to produce food packaging materials which in turn would contribute to the reduction of green raw materials used. This article reviews the state of art of composite biopolymers added with fillers extracted by food and agricultural waste, analyzing the literature published on scientific databases such as Scopus. The characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of each innovative sustainable material will be studied, trying to compare their various properties. The results of the work could guide companies in the choice of eco-sustainable packaging and lay the foundations for the development of the mentioned regional project."

analysis of mechanical properties of ceiling boards based on corn cobs and coconut coir waste with latex adhesive

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ety Jumiati ◽  
Ufik Eliati Tumanggor ◽  
Abdul Halim Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Coconut Coir

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p>Ceiling evelopment by utilizing waste corn cobs, coconut coir with gypsum flour an the adition of latex adhesive. Variations in the composition of the mixture of corn cobs, coconut coir, gypsum flour with latex adhesive include sample A (0:0:100:15), sample B (3:3:94:15), sample C (6:6:88:15), sample D (9:9:82:15), sample E (12:12:76:15), and sample F (15:15:70:15) with emphasis using a <em>hot press </em>and drying for 28 days. The test parameters include flexural strength and fracture strength. The test results show that sample B in the composition (3:3:94:15) is the optimal result. In this composition, the resulting ceiling board has the characteristics of a flexural strength of 3966,39 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> and a fracture strength of 1088,6 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p><p><strong><em>Keyword :</em></strong><em> Lateks , Ceiling Board, Coconut Coir, Corn Cob</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

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