The Economical and Environmental Advantages of Growing Jatropha Curcas on Marginal Land

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1495-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Kuei Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Gravel Soil ◽  
Better Than

Biomass energy is a renewable clean energy, which may transfer the perennial biomass into energy, in additions, the plants will absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to reduce the speed of global warming. In this research, the biomass plant -Jatropha curcas will be cultivated on the poor gravel soil and drought land at Taitung in Taiwan, except the economic benefits, the advantages for the surrounding environment also will be discussed. In economical terms, this study comparing the benefits between glowing Jatropha curcas and the aboriginal people’s traditional crops including corn and millet. The results show that glowing Jatropha curcas harvest in its fourth year is same with planting corn but 25% better than planting millet, and will uprise year after year. As for the advantages for the surrounding environment, glowing Jatropha curcas obscured much more sunlight than other plants, the ground surface cooling effect is more obvious, in gravel soil, it can be reduced 60% ,while in drought land is 25%. For function of soil conservation, the depth and the land coverage area of the plant’s root will be measured for estimation. From the results, one can find that planting Jatropha curcas will be better than planting corn or millet, and the performance will enhancing year after year by lasting for 35~50 years, it means that, Jatropha curcas was definitely a good choice for planting on gravel soil or drought land no matter for economical, environmental or land preservative’s sake.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Tunnel Construction Scheme Change based on Field Monitoring and Numerical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhanping Song ◽  
Wanying Su ◽  
Xiaoxu Tian ◽  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Guannan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Transitional Section

Because of the surrounding environment restriction, some sections of the Lanzhou Metro Line 2 were forced to change the original open excavation method to the concealed excavation method. Among them, the ingate is the transitional section connecting the shaft and the cross passage, which is accompanied by the force conversion of the structure during the plan change process, and accidents are prone to occur. Combining this project situation, a construction scheme for turning the shaft from the cross passage into the ingate of mine line was proposed, and the finite element software is used to simulate the scheme. Numerical analysis shows that the stability of the tunnel supporting structure, shaft, and cross passage all meet the design requirements. The final ground settlement caused by the proposed construction method is 7.1 mm, and the settlement of the vault is 11.97 mm. It also turns out that the proposed construction method causes less deformation, and the method can be applied to the construction of the ingate conversion. The rationality of the method and numerical model was further verified by the comparison between the monitored data of surface settlement and vault sinking and numerical simulation results. Finally, the modified concealed excavation method and the original open excavation construction method is compared. It is concluded that the concealed excavation method is superior to the original open excavation method in terms of construction schedule, construction safety, economic benefits, and impact of construction on the surrounding environment. It indicates that it is a good choice to replace the construction method early if necessary. The successful implementation of this project can provide a reference for the design and implementation of similar urban subway projects.

scholarly journals Recent advances on biomass-fueled microbial fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Mohammadi Moradian ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
Yang-Chun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Earth

AbstractBiomass is one of the most abundant renewable energy resources on the earth, which is also considered as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional fuel energy. In recent years, microbial fuel cell (MFC) which can directly convert the chemical energy from organic compounds into electric energy has been developed. By using MFC, biomass energy could be directly harvested with the form of electricity, the most convenient, wide-spread, and clean energy. Therefore, MFC was considered as another promising way to harness the sustainable energies in biomass and added new dimension to the biomass energy industry. In this review, the pretreatment methods for biomass towards electricity harvesting with MFC, and the microorganisms utilized in biomass-fueled MFC were summarized. Further, strategies for improving the performance of biomass-fueled MFC as well as future perspectives were highlighted.

The Experimental Study on Grinding Properties of Gas Quenching Steel Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 612-617
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Xing ◽  
Yue Long ◽  
Xiu Li ◽  
Gao Liang Li ◽  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Gas Quenching ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Better Than

A gas quenching process to deal with steel slag and its characteristics of the new technology was briefly introduced. The grinding characteristics, mineral phases of gas quenching steel slag and the potential economic benefits of using it as cement mixing material was studied by compared to heat-stew steel slag. The results indicated that the specific surface areas (S) and grinding times (t) of the gas quenching steel slag showed a first order exponential decay relationship. With the extension of time, the specific surface areas of heat-stew steel slag was tending to balance earlier than that of gas quenching steel slag; The energy consumption of gas quenching steel slag was much lower than that of heat-stew steel slag. Gas quenching steel slag was comprised of C2S, C3S, a certain amount of (Ca2(Al, Fe)2O5）and RO phase, but the content of RO phase was relatively low, which increased the grindability of the quenching steel slag, so that the grindability of gas quenching steel slag was much better than that of heat-stew steel slag. Gas quenching steel slag prepared for cement addictives would bring great economic benefits.

scholarly journals Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digvijay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Extreme Behavior ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Free Activity ◽  
Better Than

Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.

scholarly journals Enhancement of WiMAX networks using OPNET modeler platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Noor Nateq Alfaisaly ◽  
Suhad Qasim Naeem ◽  
Azhar Hussein Neama
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multipath Channel ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Better Than

Worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) is an 802.16 wireless standard that delivers high speed, provides a data rate of 100 Mbps and a coverage area of 50 km. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is flexible and offers low-cost telephony for clients over IP. However, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to provide a stable and good quality voice connection over the internet. The performance of various parameters such as multipath channel model and bandwidth over the Star trajectoryWiMAX network were evaluated under a scenario consisting of four cells. Each cell contains one mobile and one base station. Network performance metrics such as throughput and MOS were used to evaluate the best performance of VoIP codecs. Performance was analyzed via OPNET program14.5. The result use of multipath channel model (disable) was better than using the model (ITU pedestrian A). The value of the throughput at 15 dB was approximately 1600 packet/sec, and at -1 dB was its value 1300 packet/se. According to data, the Multipath channel model of the disable type the value of the MOS was better than the ITU Pedestrian A type.

Subsea Liquid Energy Storage – The Bridge Between Oil and Energy/Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Mikalsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Ammonia Storage

Abstract This paper demonstrates a pioneering technology adaption for using a membrane-based subsea storage solution for oil/condensate, modified into storing clean energy storage in the form of ammonia (as a hydrogen energy carrier). The immediate application will provide an economical alternative to electrification of offshore platforms, instead of using expensive cables from shore. Storing ammonia at the seabed using innovative subsea storage technologies will dramatically reduce CO2 emissions for offshore assets. The fluid will be stored in a safe manner on the seafloor, protecting both personnel and marine life. The next step will be to include subsea ammonia storage as part of the global logistical value chain, which can power the merchant shipping fleet. Clean ammonia can be produced using renewable resources as wind or solar. It focuses on bridging the ongoing oil/condensate storage qualification, adapted into storing ammonia. The large-scale verification test scope is explained, and we show how the test is extended to also prove the concept of safe energy/ammonia storage. The ammonia storage concept is explained, and we show how this can be included as part of a low carbon future. The focus is the immediate market for providing clean power to existing or new offshore assets. The full system solution will encompass storage tanks placed nearby the platforms at safe water depths, riser systems providing fuel to the ammonia power generators, and the tank filling systems. Bridging and adapting technologies from the petroleum industry into renewables shows the importance of utilizing the technology developments and competence of the oil and gas business. The technical evaluations have shown that the oil/condensate storage can be adapted into storing energy/ammonia with minor modifications. Converting hydrogen into ammonia gives slight energy losses, but it is defended by the large economic benefits of storing ammonia versus pressure storage of hydrogen. The paper presents qualification work already completed and how to implement ammonia fuel storage for platforms. In addition, we show the test setup for a large-scale qualification provided by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) company together with major Operators. Innovative modular design methods have shown that the concept can be included on existing offshore assets, which have limited topside space available. Adding green or blue ammonia as an alternative to power cables from shore have several benefits, and many of the connecting building blocks are falling into place. The main conclusion is how to adapt Novel technologies from the oil industry to store ammonia in a safe way on the seafloor.

scholarly journals Biomass Energy: An Overview of Biomass Sources, Energy Potential, and Management in Southeast Asian Countries

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tun ◽  
Juchelkova ◽  
Win ◽  
Thu ◽  
Puchor
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Biomass Utilization ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Potential depletion of fossil fuel and climate change have globally accelerated the demand in renewable and alternative energy. Most of the Southeast Asian countries have an abundance of biomass sources for the energy sector due to their agriculture-based economy and enormous forest resources. Therefore, the study aimed at highlighting an overview of biomass energy in the Southeast Asia countries to convey the environmental and economic benefits from the available biomass sources in the region. In order to achieve the aim, the study synthesized and evaluated the biomass sources, energy potential, utilization, and management in the region, based on the published research papers, review papers, and country reports. It was found that the major biomass sources in this region were fuelwood, wood residues, rice husk, rice straw, sugarcane residues, oil palm residues, and coconut residues. The total annual quantity of the biomass potential from agriculture and forest sector in the region was estimated at more than 500 million tons per year and equal to over 8000 million gigajoules of total energy potential. In order to implement the sustainable utilization of biomass sources, the study specified the barriers and challenges of biomass utilization in these countries and proposed a sustainable approach of biomass energy, by comparing the way of traditional biomass utilization.

scholarly journals Failure-Aware and Delay-Predicted Multipath Virtual Queue Scheduling for Multimedia Transmission in Edge IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiuren Qin ◽  
Zhaoxue Wang ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Lujie Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Multipath Transmission ◽  
Queue Scheduling ◽  
Delay Prediction ◽  
Cooperative Scheduling ◽  
Better Than

The spread of Edge Internet of Things (IoT) radically changes our lifestyle. However, the multimedia services in edge IoT are still stuck by inefficiency. The dynamic typologies perplex the transmission of massive real-time data. To solve this problem, multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) which has a natural advantage in transmission robustness and bandwidth aggregation is becoming a good choice. In this paper, failure-aware and delay-predicted multipath virtual queue scheduling (FD-MVQS) is proposed to optimize the MPTCP performance in edge IoT. FD-MVQS constructs a two-plane cooperative scheduling system. In the control plane, the transmission failure estimation and chaos theory-based arrival delay prediction methods are introduced to provide the foundation for prescheduling. In the data plane, the multipath virtual queue scheduling is designed to allocate segments to different subflows. Simulation results showed that the proposed FD-MVQS performed better than standard and typical multipath transmission solutions in throughput, delay, and segment disorder.

scholarly journals Utilization of Biodegradable Wastes as a Clean Energy Source in the Developing Countries: A Case Study in Myanmar

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maw Tun ◽  
Dagmar Juchelková ◽  
Helena Raclavská ◽  
Veronika Sassmanová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Nowadays, waste-to-energy has become a type of renewable energy utilization that can provide environmental and economic benefits in the world. In this paper, we evaluated the quality of twelve biodegradable waste samples from Myanmar by binder laboratory heating and drying oven at 105 °C. The calculation methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) were used for the greenhouse gas emission estimation from waste disposal at the open dumpsites, anaerobic digestion, and waste transportation in the current situation of Myanmar. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fossil fuel consumption of the improved biodegrade waste utilization system were estimated and both were found to be reduced. As a result, volume and weight of the biodegradable wastes with 100% moisture reduction were estimated at approximately 5 million cubic meters per year and 2600 kilotonnes per year, respectively, in 2021. The total GHG emissions in the current situation amounted to approximately 1500 and 1800 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year in 2019 and 2021, respectively, while the total GHG emission avoidance from a sustainable approach amounted to 3500 and 4000 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year, respectively. The study aimed at highlighting the utilization of biodegradable wastes as a clean energy source in developing countries.

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